
From an ‘Army of Historians’ to an ‘Army of Professionals’: History and the Strategic Culture in Estonia
By: Kaarel Piirimäe
References
- Agarin, T. (2010). A cat’s lick: democratisation and minority communities in the post-Soviet Baltic. Amsterdam; New York, NY: Rodopi. DOI: 10.1163/9789042029903_013
- Einseln, A. (1993, 5 June). Aleksander Einseln ei looda nõukogude mõttelaadi kiirele kapituleerimisele. Rahva Hääl.
- Einseln, A. (1994a, 15 March). Tahan lõpetada vägivallatsemise Eesti kaitsejõududes; intervjueerinud Kalev Korv. Päevaleht.
- Einseln, A. (1994b, 2 September). Eesti Kaitsevägi – uus moraal, vana vaprus, Kautla ja Klooga ei tohi korduda. Rahva Hääl.
- Gray, C. S. (1999b). Modern Strategy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Helme, R. (1990). 1812. aasta Eestis ja Lätis: monograafia. Tallinn: Olion.
- Helme, R. (1992, 11 April). Eesti riiki on tarvis kaitsta. Päevaleht.
- Hiio, T. (2006).
Combat in Estonia . In T. Hiio, et al. (Eds.), Estonia 1940–1945: reports of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity (pp. 413–430). Tallinn: Inimsusevastaste Kuritegude Uurimise Eesti Sihtasutus. - Ilmjärv, M. (2004).
Silent Submission. Formation of Foreign Policy of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: period from mid-1920’s to annexation in 1940 . Stockholm: Stockholms universitet. - Jõgi, Ü. (2006).
‘Erna’ legendid ja tegelikkus . Tallinn: Ü. Jõgi. - Jürjo, M. (2019).
Ühisel nõul ja jõul: Kaitseliidu vanematekogu kümme aastat 1993–2003 . Tallinn: Kaitseliit/Nornberg & Co. - Johnston, A. I. (1995). Thinking about strategic culture. International Security, 19(4), 32–64. DOI: 10.2307/2539119
- Kaplan, C. S. (2006).
Setting the political agenda: cultural discourse in the Estonian tradition . In Joseph Esherick, Hasan Kayah, Eric van Young (Eds.), Empire to nation: historical perspectives on the making of the modern world (pp. 340–366). Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield. - Laar, M. (1992).
War in the woods: Estonia’s struggle for survival 1944–1956 . Washington: Compass Press. - Lauristin, M., et al. (1997).
Return to the western world: cultural and political perspectives on the Estonian post-communist transition . Tartu: Tartu University Press. - Lehti, M., Jutila, M., & Jokisipilä, M. (2008). Never-ending Second World War: Public performances of national dignity and the drama of the Bronze soldier. Journal of Baltic Studies, 39(4), 393–418. DOI: 10.1080/01629770802461175
- L’Hommedieu, J. H. (2011).
Exiles and Constituents: Baltic Refugees and American Cold War Politics, 1948–1960 . Doctoral Dissertation: University of Turku. - Lill, H. (2009). Eesti riigikaitsepoliitika kujunemisest: esimesed visioonid 1991–1995. Akadeemia, 9, 1741–1742.
- Lindpere, H. (2009).
Molotov-Ribbentrop pact: challenging Soviet history . Tallinn: Eesti Välispoliitika Instituut. - Lipinsky, J. (2004).
Das Geheime Zusatzprotokoll zum deutsch-sowjetischen Nichtangriffsvertrag vom 23. August 1939 und seine Entstehungs- und Rezeptionsgeschichte von 1939 bis 1999 . Frankfurt am Main; Oxford: Peter Lang. - Lock, E. (2010). Refining strategic culture: return of the second generation. Review of International Studies, 36(3), 685–708. DOI: 10.1017/S0260210510000276
- Longhurst, K. (2005).
Germany and the Use of Force: The Evolution of German Security Policy, 1990–2003 . Manchester: Manchester University Press. DOI: 10.7228/manchester/9780719067082.001.0001 - Mälksoo, L. (2003).
Illegal annexation and state continuity: The case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR: A study of the tension between normativity and power in international law . Leiden: Brill-Nijhoff. - Mölder, H. (2013).
The Development of Military Cultures . In Tony Lawrence, Tomas Jermalavicius (Eds.), Apprenticeship, Partnership, Membership: Twenty Years of Defence Development in the Baltic States (pp. 85–121). Tallinn: International Centre for Defence Studies. - Noormets, Tiit. (1993). Karl Talpak – ohvitser, õpetaja, vabadusvõitleja. Sõdur, 1(2), 3–5.
- Noormets, Tiit. (1994). Erna retk 1994. Sõdur, 5(11). DOI: 10.1049/ee.1994.0012
- Noormets, Tiit. (1999).
The Summer War: the 1941 armed resistance in Estonia . In A. Anušauskas (Ed.), The anti-Soviet resistance in the Baltic states (pp. 186–208). Vilnius: Pasauliui apie mus: Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania. - Paulauskas, K. (2013). ‘The Baltic Quest to the West: From Total Defence to “Smart Defence” (and Back?)’, Lawrence, Tony, and Tomas Jermalavičius, eds. Apprenticeship, Partnership, Membership: Twenty Years of Defence Development in the Baltic States. International Centre for Defence Studies, 48
- Pettai, V. (2004). Framing the past as future: the power of legal restorationism in Estonia (Doctoral Dissertation: Columbia University).
- Piirimäe, K. (2016, August). History of the Art of War at the Estonian National Defence College. Paper presented at the conference ‘Struggling with the past – how to address and use history in security and defense politics’,
Danish Defence Academy , Copenhagen. - Piirimäe, K., & Grönholm, P. (2016). ‘Historical consciousness, personal life experiences and the orientation of Estonian foreign policy toward the West, 1988–1991’, Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, ¾, 477–511. DOI: 10.12697/AA.2016.3-4.07
- Raidla, O. (1994). Erna grupp. Sõdur, 5(11), 7.
- Rebas, H. (1992, 12 August). Riigile kilp ja mõõk! Rahvas relvastada. Postimees.
- Rebas, H. (1999, 19 February). Kas Eesti vajab kaitsekontseptsiooni. Sirp.
- Rebas, H. (2006). Eesti kaitseministri ametist lahkumine 1993. Eesti Teadusliku Seltsi Rootsis Aastaraamat, 105–118.
- Rebas, H. (2014). Accidental or Deliberate Failure? The Story of Estonia’s Defence Concept of 1993. Eesti Sõjaajaloo Aastaraamat/Estonian Yearbook of Military History, 4, 217–230.
- Salo, V, et al. (2005).
The White Book: losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes 1940–1991, Estonian State Commission on Examination of the Policies of Repression . Tallinn: Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers. - Sildam, T, (1999, 25 March). Siber võttis Ants Laaneotsalt lapsepõlve; intervjuu. Postimees.
- Socor, V. (2007, 3 August). PACE Chairman bending to the Kremlin wind against Estonia. Eurasia Daily Monitor, 4/151.
- Soidro, M. (2002, 26 June). Kaitseminister Jüri Luik: Me oleme kaitseväes liialt julgelt kasutanud pika nõukogudetaustaga inimesi. Keskus.
- Suny, R. G. (1993).
The revenge of the past: nationalism, revolution, and the collapse of the Soviet Union . Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. - Taagepera, R. (1989). Estonia in September 1988: Stalinists, centrists and restorationists. Journal of Baltic Studies, 20(2), 175–190. DOI: 10.1080/01629778900000061
- Tamm, M. (2016). The republic of historians: historians as nation-builders in Estonia (late 1980s–early 1990s). Rethinking History, 20(2), 154–171. DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2016.1153272
- Tarto, E. (2009).
Kõikumatus usus ja vankumatus tahtes: kirjutisi ja sõnavõtte 1989–2008 . Tallinn: Grenader. - Ulmiste, H. (1994). Enn Tarto: Kaitseliit peab olema rahvuspoliitiline. Kaitse kodu, 2, 2–3.
- Walter, H. (1989),
Ausalt ja avameelselt Landeswehri sõjast, Võnnu lahingust, Riia operatsioonist . Tallinn: Perioodika. - Walter, H. (1991a). Eesti-Soome relvavendlus. Aja Pulss, 9, 18–20.
- Walter, H. (1991b). Kaks dokumenti Suvesõjast. Looming, 9, 1254–1261.
- Walter, H. (1992, 8 February). Eesti Kaitseliidu ajaloost. 4, Suurim vabatahtlik organisatsioon 1925–1940. Rahva Hääl, p. 3.
- Wezel, K. (2016). The unfinished business of perestroika: Latvia’s memory politics and its quest for acknowledgment of victimhood in Europe. Nationalities Papers, 44(4), 560–577. DOI: 10.1080/00905992.2016.1142520
- Wulf, M. (2010). Politics of History in Estonia: Changing Memory Regimes 1987–2009. History of Communism in Europe, 1(2010): 245–267. DOI: 10.7761/HCE.1.245
- Wulf, M., & Grönholm, P. (2010). Generating meaning across generations: the role of historians in the codification of history in Soviet and post-Soviet Estonia. Journal of Baltic Studies, 41(3), 351–382. DOI: 10.1080/01629778.2010.498210
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31374/sjms.37 | Journal eISSN: 2596-3856
Language: English
Page range: 100 - 113
Submitted on: May 9, 2019
Accepted on: Jun 8, 2020
Published on: Nov 13, 2020
Published by: Scandinavian Military Studies
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
© 2020 Kaarel Piirimäe, published by Scandinavian Military Studies
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.