Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Forms of Knowledge and Interoperability in EU Peace Operations Cover

Forms of Knowledge and Interoperability in EU Peace Operations

Open Access
|Jun 2026

References

  1. Addams, J. (2007). Newer ideals of peace. University of Illinois Press. (Original work published 1907).
  2. Adriani, F. (2023). The role of interoperability in the Russian invasion of Ukraine (Finabel). https://finabel.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/The-Role-of-Interoperability-in-the-Russian-Invasion-of-Ukraine.pdf
  3. Arjona, M. (2022, December 6). European command and control capabilities in executive CSDP missions and operations (Finabel). https://finabel.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51.-European-Command-and-Control-Capabilities-in-Executive-CSDP-Missions-and-Operations.pdf
  4. Barbieux, F. (2023, September 1). Tackling the issue of fragmentation in the European defence industry (Finabel). https://finabel.org/tackling-the-issue-of-fragmentation-in-the-european-defence-industry/
  5. De Coninck, J. (2023). Effective remedies for human rights violations in EU CSDP military missions: Smoke and mirrors in human rights adjudication? German Law Journal, 24(2), 342363. 10.1017/glj.2023.19
  6. Deni, J. (2014). Maintaining transatlantic strategic, operational and tactical interoperability in an era of austerity. International Affairs, 90(3), 583600. 10.1111/1468-2346.12128
  7. Dewey, J. (1938). Logic: The theory of inquiry. Macmillan.
  8. EUFOR. (2025, January). EUFOR Forum: European Union armed forces in BiH. European External Action Service. https://www.euforbih.org/images/pdfs/Forum/2025/forum143.pdf
  9. EUNAVFOR. (2024). Newsletter August 2024. European External Action Service. https://eunavfor.eu/newsletter/newsletter-august-2024
  10. EUNAVFOR. (2025a, February 22). EUNAVFOR MED IRINI OHQ hosted the European Defence Agency’s MARSUR project demonstration. European External Action Service. https://www.operationirini.eu/eunavfor-med-irini-ohq-hosted-the-european-defense-agencys-marsur-project-demonstration/
  11. EUNAVFOR. (2025b). Operation commander’s introductory remarks (Atalanta Newsletter: February 2025). https://eunavfor.eu/newsletter/newsletter-february-2025
  12. European External Action Service. (2019). EU concept for military command and control – Rev 8 (EU Military Committee). https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-8798-2019-INIT/en/pdf
  13. European External Action Service. (2021). CSDP military training programme 2022–2023 (EU Military Committee). https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-10520-2021-INIT/en/pdf
  14. European External Action Service. (2023). EUMC Glossary of acronyms and definitions (EU Military Committee). https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-13510-2023-INIT/en/pdf
  15. European External Action Service. (2025). Missions and operations (Strategic Communications). https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/missions-and-operations_en
  16. European Security and Defence College (ESDC). (2021). Sectoral qualifications framework for the military officer profession. https://esdc.europa.eu/documentation/the-sectoral-qualifications-framework-for-the-military-officer-profession-sqf-milof-package/
  17. European Security and Defence College (ESDC). (2022). Curriculum: EU senior mission leaders’ (SML) course (Module) (ESDC/2022/54). ESDC Secretariat. https://esdc.europa.eu/esdc-courses-curricula/
  18. European Security and Defence College (ESDC). (2023). Curriculum: Advanced modular training (AMT) for CSDP strategic crisis management (ESDC/2023/36). Executive Academic Board. https://esdc.europa.eu/esdc-courses-curricula/
  19. European Security and Defence College (ESDC). (2024a). Senior strategic course (3 modules). ESDC Secretariat. https://esdc.europa.eu/esdc-courses-curricula/
  20. European Security and Defence College (ESDC). (2024b). Global security and hybrid warfare. ESDC Secretariat. https://esdc.europa.eu/esdc-courses-curricula/
  21. European Security and Defence College (ESDC). (2024c). Mediation, negotiation and dialogue skills for CSDP. Executive Academic Board. https://esdc.europa.eu/esdc-courses-curricula/
  22. European Security and Defence College (ESDC). (2024d). New peace operations as a stabilising factor for the European Union. ESDC Secretariat. https://esdc.europa.eu/esdc-courses-curricula/
  23. European Security and Defence College (ESDC). (2024e). Course on recovery and stabilisation strategies. ESDC Steering Committee. https://esdc.europa.eu/esdc-courses-curricula/
  24. European Union (EU). (2020a). Treaty on European Union (consolidated version). EUR-Lex. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A12012M%2FTXT
  25. European Union (EU). (2020b). Military staff: Job specification. https://www.silpcgil.it/files/news/10845/docs/assistant-job-profile.pdf
  26. European Union. (2022). Strategic compass for security and defence. https://www.satcen.europa.eu/keydocuments/strategic_compass_en3_web6298d4e4601f2a0001c0f871.pdf
  27. Ferreyra, M. (2025). A knowledge taxonomy for military interoperability: The United States and Brazil in peacekeeping and stabilization operations. Armed Forces & Society. 10.1177/0095327X251347176
  28. Ferreyra, M., & Soeters, J. (2024). Multinational military cooperation in the Global South. Armed Forces & Society, 50(1), 2554. 10.1177/0095327X221114928
  29. Fridman, O., Baudais, V., & Gigitashvili, G. (2023). Enhancing the capabilities of CSDP missions and operations to identify and respond to disinformation attacks (European Parliament). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2023/702578/EXPO_IDA(2023)702578_EN.pdf
  30. Fürst, H., & Kümmel, G. (Eds.). (2012). Core values and the expeditionary mindset: Armed forces in metamorphosis. Nomos. 10.5771/9783845229874
  31. Improving the Effectiveness of Capabilities in EU Conflict Prevention (IECEU). (2017). The CAR review (CSA project 653371). FINCENT. https://www.cep.si/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/D-3.3-IECEU-Central-African-Republic-Review.pdf
  32. Jared, F. (2009). Human interoperability: Initial theory & research [Master’s thesis, Naval Postgraduate School]. NPS Institutional Archive. https://hdl.handle.net/10945/46767
  33. Kirkels, H., Klinkert, W., & Moelker, R. (2003). Officer education: The road to Athens. Ministerie van Defensie – NLDA.
  34. Kmec, V. (2022). EU missions and peacebuilding. Routledge. 10.4324/9781003198901
  35. Larson, E., Lindstrom, G., Hura, M., Gardiner, K., Keffer, J., & Little, B. (2003). Interoperability of U.S. and NATO allied air forces: Supporting data and case studies. RAND Corporation. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA438886.pdf
  36. Lawrence, T. (2022). Command and control for the CSDP: A permanent operation headquarters for the EU? (International Centre for Defence and Security). https://icds.ee/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2022/01/ICDS_Analysis_Command_and_Control_for_the_CSDP_Tony_Lawrence_January_2022.pdf
  37. Lockyer, A. (2012). The logic of interoperability. International Journal, 68(1), 7191. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42704961
  38. Lundvall, B.-Å. (2006). Knowledge management in the learning economy (DRUID Working Paper No. 06-6). Copenhagen Business School. https://ideas.repec.org/p/aal/abbswp/06-06.html
  39. Lundvall, B.-Å., & Johnson, B. (1994). The learning economy. Journal of Industry Studies, 1(2), 2342. 10.1080/13662719400000002
  40. Markel, M., Leonard, H., Lynch, C., Panis, C., Schirmer, P., & Sims, C. (2011). Developing US Army officers’ capabilities for joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational environments (RAND report for the US Army). https://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG990.html
  41. Mattelaer, A. (2008). The strategic planning of EU military operations: The case of EUFOR Tchad/RCA (Working Paper No. 5). Institute for European Studies. https://www.ies.be/files/IES%20working%20paper%205_Alexander%20Mattelaer.pdf
  42. Mattelaer, A. (2010). The CSDP mission planning process of the European Union: Innovations and shortfalls (European Integration online Papers (EIoP)). ECSA-A. 10.2139/ssrn.1661752
  43. Mattelaer, A. (2013). The Politico-Military Dynamics of European Crisis Response Operations: Planning, Friction, Strategy. Palgrave-Macmillan UK. 10.1057/9781137012609
  44. Mattingsdal, J., Espevik, R., Johnsen, B. H., & Hystad, S. (2023). Exploring why police and military commanders do what they do: An empirical analysis of decision-making in hybrid warfare. Armed Forces & Society. Advance online publication. 10.1177/0095327X231160711
  45. Missildine, W., & Clift, C. (2019). Human performance interoperability: Using cognitive and behavioral analytics in immersive, adaptive working environments [Paper presentation]. ITEC, Stockholm, Sweden.
  46. Moelker, R., Soeters, J., & vom Hagen, U. (2007). Sympathy, the cement of interoperability: Findings on ten years of German-Netherlands military cooperation. Armed Forces & Society, 33(4), 496517. 10.1177/0095327X06297590
  47. Nisser, N. (2022). Integration is the new black: Thoughts on future warfare in academic and military discourses. Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies, 5(1), 398411. 10.31374/sjms.169
  48. Paget, S. (2016). ‘Interoperability of the mind’: Professional military education and the development of interoperability. The RUSI Journal, 161(4), 2633. 10.1080/03071847.2016.1232880
  49. Paile-Calvo, S. (2016). From European mobility to military interoperability. ESDC/EU Publications Office. https://www.emilyo.eu/sites/default/files/Gell%20Scientific%20Publications/2016%20Paile-Calvo%20From%20European%20Mobility%20to%20Military%20Interoberability.pdf
  50. Palm, T., & Crum, B. (2019). Military operations and the EU’s identity as an international security actor. European Security, 28(4), 513534. 10.1080/09662839.2019.1667769
  51. Piché, R. (2018). Challenges and prospects for interoperability in UN peace operations: A look at Haiti. International Journal, 73(2), 241256. 10.1177/0020702018786990
  52. Polanyi, M. (2009). The tacit dimension. University of Chicago Press.
  53. Reykers, Y., & Adriaensen, J. (2023). The politics of understaffing international organisations: The EU Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC). European Security, 32(4), 519538. 10.1080/09662839.2022.2142040
  54. Rosson, S. (2022). Using elements of professional military education to develop cognitive interoperability among multinational military officers: A case study [Doctoral thesis, Liberty University]. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/3742/
  55. Rubinstein, R., Keller, D., & Scherger, M. (2008). Culture and interoperability in integrated missions. International Peacekeeping, 15(4), 540555. 10.1080/13533310802239857
  56. Ruffa, C., & Rietjens, S. (2023). Meaning making in peacekeeping missions: Mandate interpretation and multinational collaboration in the UN mission in Mali. European Journal of International Relations, 29(1), 5378. 10.1177/13540661221104757
  57. Sabatino, E., Mesarovich, A., Väisänen, A., Schnitzler, G., & Santopinto, F. (2023). Case studies of the EU’s CSDP activity (ENGAGE Working Paper No. 19). https://www.engage-eu.eu/publications/case-studies-of-the-eus-csdp-activity
  58. Schmidtchen, D. (2007). The rise of the strategic private: Technology, control and change in a network enabled military. Land Warfare Studies Centre.
  59. Shields, P. M. (2003). The community of inquiry: Classical pragmatism and public administration. Administration & Society, 35(5), 510538. 10.1177/0095399703256160
  60. Shields, P. M., & Rissler, G. (2015). Positive peace: Exploring its roots and potential for public administration. Global Virtue Ethics Review, 7(3), 115.
  61. Shields, P. M., & Soeters, J. (2017). Peaceweaving: Jane Addams, positive peace, and public administration. The American Review of Public Administration, 47(3), 323339. 10.1177/0275074015589629
  62. Soeters, J. (2018). Sociology and military studies: Classical and current foundations. Routledge. 10.4324/9781315182131
  63. Soeters, J. (2020). Management and military studies: Classical and current foundations. Routledge. 10.4324/9780429243967
  64. Stebbins, R. (2001). Exploratory research in the social sciences (Qualitative Research Methods). Sage. 10.4135/9781412984249
  65. Tardy, T. (2019). The European Union and UN peace operations: What global–regional peace and security partnership? In C. de Coning & M. Peter (Eds.), United Nations peace operations in a changing global order (pp. 231253). Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1007/978-3-319-99106-1_12
  66. United Nations (UN). (2012). DPKO DFS UNMEM Manual [Ref. 2010.30]. https://resourcehub01.blob.core.windows.net/$web/Policy%20and%20Guidance/corepeacekeepingguidance/Thematic%20Operational%20Activities/Military/2010.30%20UNMEMManual.pdf
  67. Verweijen, J. (2017). Strange battlefield fellows: The diagonal interoperability between Blue Helmets and the Congolese Army. International Peacekeeping, 24(3), 363387. 10.1080/13533312.2017.1294486
  68. Zartsdahl, P. (2018). Civil–military synergies in EU crisis response and peacebuilding: A framework for analysis. Global Affairs, 4(2–3), 197213. 10.1080/23340460.2018.1532769
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31374/sjms.335 | Journal eISSN: 2596-3856
Language: English
Page range: 351 - 367
Submitted on: Sep 16, 2024
Accepted on: Jun 3, 2026
Published on: Jun 23, 2026
Published by: Scandinavian Military Studies
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2026 Matías Ferreyra, published by Scandinavian Military Studies
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.