
Course of Action Development – Brainstorm or Brickstorm?
By: Therese Heltberg and Kåre Sveistrup Dahl
References
- Andersen, S. M., & Chen, S. (2002). The relational self: An interpersonal social-cognitive theory. Psychology Review, 109(4), 619–645. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.109.4.619
- Argyris, C. (1991). Teaching smart people how to learn. Harvard Business Review, 69(3), 99–109.
- Banach, S. J. (2009). Educating by design: Preparing Leaders for a Complex World. Military review, 89(2), 96–104.
- Banach, S. J., & Ryan, A. (2009). The art of design: A Design Methodology. Military review, 89(2), 105–115.
- Barfoed, J. (2014, August 20). Can NATO Practice Grand Strategy? An Analysis of NATO’s Structures and Doctrine in Light of the Libya Conflict. Krigsvidenskab.dk. Retrieved from
https://www.krigsvidenskab.dk/can-nato-practice-grand-strategy - Bason, C. (2017). Leading Public Design How Managers Engage with Design to Transform Public Governance. (Doctoral dissertation, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen). DOI: 10.2307/j.ctt1t88xq5
- Benedek, M., Bergner, S., Könen, T., Fink, A., & Neubauer, A. C. (2011). EEG alpha synchronization is related to top-down processing in convergent and divergent thinking. Neuropsychologia, 49(12), 3505–3511. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.004
- Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The Social Construction of Reality. A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Penguin Books.
- Besant, B. (2016). The Journey of Brainstorming. Journal of Transformational Innovation, 2(1), 1–7.
- Boland, R. J., & Collopy, F. (2004).
Design Matters for Management . In R. J. Boland, & F. Collopy (Eds.), Managing as Design (pp. 3–18). Stanford: Stanford University Press. - Brown, T. (2008). Design Thinking. Harvard Business Review, 86(6), 84–92.
- Clausewitz, C. V. (1976).
Surpise . In M. Howard, & P. Paret (Eds.), On War (Vol 3, pp. 198–201). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. - Coker, C. (2015). Future War. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Cooper, R., Junginger, S., & Lockwood, T. (2009). Design Thinking and Design Management: A Research and Practice Perspective. DMI Review, 20(2), 46–55. DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7169.2009.00007.x
- Darsø, L. (2011). Innovationspædagogik. Kunsten at fremelske innovationskompetence. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.
- Davis, P. K., & Wilson, P. A. (2011, 4th quarterly). The Looming Crisis in Defense Planning. Joint Force Quarterly, 63. Retrieved from
http://ndupress.ndu.edu/portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-63.pdf - DeFilippi, G. R., Nowak, S. F., & Baylor, B. H. (2018, 2nd quarterly). The Importance of Lessons Learned in Joint Force Development. Joint Force Quarterly, 89, 86–92. Retrived from
http://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-89/jfq-89_86-92_DeFilippi-Nowak-Baylor.pdf?ver=2018-04-11-125441-307 - Dewey, J. (1910). How We Think. New York City, NY: D. C. Heath & Company. Retrieved from
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37423/37423-h/37423-h.htm . DOI: 10.1037/10903-000 - Dorst, K. (2011). The core of ‘design thinking’ and its application. Design Studies, 32(6), 521–532. DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2011.07.006
- Dorst, K. (2015). Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field. The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 1(1), 21–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.sheji.2015.07.003
- Foucault, M. (1989). The Order of Things. An archaeology of the human sciences. London: Routledge. Retrieved from
https://is.muni.cz/el/1423/jaro2013/SOC911/um/Michel_Foucault_The_Order_of_Things.pdf - Foucault, M. (2002). The Archaeology of Knowledge. London: Routledge.
- Friis, S. A. K. (2014). Conflict as a driver for transformation in creative teamwork. International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, 3(1), 29–44. DOI: 10.1080/21650349.2014.885372
- Gerry, W. R., Lee, S. Y., & Ninas, J. (2017, 2nd quarterly). Information Warfare in an Information Age. Joint Force Quarterly, 85, 22–29. Retrieved from
http://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-85/jfq-85.pdf - Guilford, J. P. (1950). Creativity. American Psychologist, 5(9), 444–454. DOI: 10.1037/h0063487
- Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Hackman, R. J. (2002). Leading teams: Setting the stage for great performances. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
- Hagel, C. (2014a). The Defense Innovation Initiative [Memorandum]. Washington: Secretary of Defense. Retrieved from
https://archive.defense.gov/pubs/OSD013411-14.pdf - Hagel, C. (Eds.) (2014b). Reagan National Defense Forum Keynote. Simi Valley, CA: Ronald Reagan Presedential Library. Retrieved from
https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Speeches/Speech/Article/606635/ - Hammes, T. X. (2016a, 2nd quarterly). Cheap Technology Will Challenge U.S. Tactical Dominance. Joint Force Quarterly, 81, 76–85. Retrieved from
http://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-81/jfq-81_76-85_Hammes.pdf . - Hammes, T. X. (2016b). Technology converges and power diffuses. Pointer, 42(4), 47–66.
https://www.mindef.gov.sg/oms/safti/pointer/documents/pdf/V42N4.pdf - Heltberg, T. (2016). Optegninger af følelser i det militære ledelsesrum – inddragelse og unddragelse. Dansk Sociologi, 27(3/4), 153–171. DOI: 10.22439/dansoc.v27i3/4.5442
- Heltberg, T., & Jellesmark, T. (2017).
What Difference Does a Difference Make? Considerations About Lessons Learned from Difficult Operational Situations . In M. O. Holenweger, M. K. Jager, & F. Kernic (Eds.), Leadership in Extreme Situations (pp. 295–321). Berlin: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55059-6_16 - Isaksen, S. (1998). A Review of Brainstorming Research: Six Critical Issues for Inquiry, Monograph #302. Buffalo, NY: Creative Problem Solving Group.
- Jauk, E., Benedek, M., & Neubauer, A. C. (2012). Tackling creativity at its roots: Evidence for different patterns of EEG alpha activity related to convergent and divergent modes of task processing. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 84(2), 219–225. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.02.012
- Joint Chief of Staff. (2017) Joint Planning (JP 5-0). Retrieved from
http://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/jp5_0_20171606.pdf . - Kalargiros, E. M., & Mannon, M. R. (2015).
Divergent Thinking and Brainstorming in Perspective: Implications for Organization Change and Innovation . In A. B. Shani, & D. Noumair (Eds.), Research in Organizational Change and Development (Vol. 23, pp. 293–327). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. DOI: 10.1108/S0897-301620150000023007 - Kem, J. D. (2012). Planning for Action: Campaign Concepts and Tools. Fort Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College U.S. Army Combined Arms Center.
- Louth, J., Taylor, T., & Tyler, A. (2017).
Defence Innovation and the UK: Responding to the Risks Identified by the US Third O set Strategy . London: RUSI Occasional Paper. Retrieved fromhttps://rusi.org/sites/default/files/20170707_defence_innovation_and_the_uk_louth.taylor.tyler_final.pdf - Luhmann, N. (1990). Political Theory in the Welfare State. Berlin: De Gruyter.
- McGrath, J. (2016 3rd quarterly). Twenty-First Century Information Warfare and the Third Offset Strategy. Joint Force Quarterly, 82, 16–23. Retrieved from
http://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-82/jfq-82_16-23_McGrath.pdf - NATO. (2013). The 2010 NATO Comprehensive Operations Planning Directive (revised 2013). Retrieved from
https://www.cmdrcoe.org/download.cgf.php?id=9 - Nelson, H. G., & Stolterman, E. (2012). The Design Way: Intentional Change in an Unpredictable World (2nd edition). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/9188.001.0001
- Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge-Creating Company. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Nonaka, I., von Krogh, G., & Voelpel, S. (2006). Organizational knowledge creation theory: Evolutionary. DOI: 10.1177/0170840606066312
- O’Donnell, S., & Devin, L. (2012).
Collective creativity: E-teams and E-teamwork . In D. Hjorth (Ed.), Handbook on Organisational Entrepreneurship (pp. 280–299). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. - Onarheim, B. (2013). Kreativitet elsker begrænsninger. Phdcup.dk. Available at
http://phdcup.dk/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Balder-Onarheim.pdf - Orlikowski, W. J. (2002). Knowing in practice: Enacting a collective capability in distributed Organizing. Organization Science, 13(3), 249–273. DOI: 10.1287/orsc.13.3.249.2776
- Osborn, A. F. (1953). Applied Imagination: Principles and procedures of creative thinking. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
- Paparone, C. (2013). The Sociology of Military Science. Prospects for Postinstitutional Military Design. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Paparone, C. (2017). Critical Military Epistemology: Designing Reflexivity into Military Curricula. Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, 17(4), 123–138.
- Pearce, W. B. (2007). Making Social Worlds: A Communication Perspective. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
- Pearce, W. B., & Cronen, V. E. (1980). Communication, Action and Meaning: The Creation of Social Realities. New York: Praeger Publishers.
- Razumnikova, O. (2000). Functional organization of different brain areas during convergent and divergent thinking: An EEG investigation. Cognitive Brain Research, 10(1), 11–18. DOI: 10.1016/S0926-6410(00)00017-3
- Rennison, B. W. (2010).
Refleksiv Ledelse . In P. Helth (Ed.), Lederskabelse: det personlige lederskab, [2nd bulletin]. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur. - Rittel, H. W. J., & Webber, M. W. (1973). Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155–169. Retrieved from
http://urbanpolicy.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Rittel+Webber_1973_PolicySciences4-2.pdf . DOI: 10.1007/BF01405730 - Runco, M. A., & Yoruk, S. (2014). The Neuroscience of Divergent Thinking. Activitas Nervosa Superior, 56(1), 1–16. DOI: 10.1007/BF03379602
- Sadler, B. D. (2016 4th quaterly). Fast Followers, Learning Machines, and the Third Offset Strategy. Joint Force Quarterly, 83, 13–18. Retrieved from
http://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-83/jfq-83_13-18_Sadler.pdf?ver=2016-10-19-102201-097 - Santacrose, M. (2013). Planning For Planners: Joint Operation Planning Process (J.O.P.P.). Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.
- Sawyer, R. K. (1999). The emergence of creativity. Philosophical Psychology, 12(4), 447–469. DOI: 10.1080/095150899105684
- Schnoor, M. (2015). Narrativ Organisationsudvikling. (2nd edition). Copenhagen: Dansk Psykologisk Forlag.
- Townsend, S. (2017 4th quarterly). Joint Publication 5-0, Joint Planning. Joint Force Quarterly, 87, 122–123. Retrieved from
http://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-87/jfq-87.pdf - Tradoc. (2008). The United States Army Commander’s Appreciation and Campaign Design (525-5-500) [Pamphlet]. Fort Monroe, VA: Department of the Army Headquarters, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command. Retrieved from
https://adminpubs.tradoc.army.mil/pamphlets/TP525-5-500.pdf - Tsoukas, H. (2005). Complex Knowledge. Studies in Organizational Epistemology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Tsoukas, H. (2009). A Dialogical Approach to the Creation of New Knowledge in Organizations. Organization Science, 20(6), 941–957. DOI: 10.1287/orsc.1090.0435
- von Thienen, J., Meinel, C., & Nicolai, C. (2016).
How Design Thinking Tools Help to Solve Wicked Problems . In H. Plattner, C. Meinel, & L. Leifer (Eds.), Design Thinking Research (pp. 97–113). NY: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-01303-9_7 - Williams, E., & Shaffer, A. R. (2015 2nd quarterly). The Defense Innovation Initiative. The Importance of Capability Prototyping. Joint Force Quarterly, 77, 34–43. Retrieved from
http://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-77/jfq-77_34-43_Williams-Shaffer.pdf - Zweibelson, B. (2015). An Awkward Tango: Pairing Traditional Military Planning to Design and Why It Currently Fails to Work. Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, 16(1), 11–41.
- Zweibelson, B. (2016). Special Operations and Design Thinking: Through the Looking Glass of Organizational Knowledge Production. Special Operations Journal, 2(1), 22–32. DOI: 10.1080/23296151.2016.1151753
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31374/sjms.30 | Journal eISSN: 2596-3856
Language: English
Page range: 165 - 177
Submitted on: Mar 25, 2019
Accepted on: Aug 20, 2019
Published on: Oct 11, 2019
Published by: Scandinavian Military Studies
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
© 2019 Therese Heltberg, Kåre Sveistrup Dahl, published by Scandinavian Military Studies
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.