Military Commitment and Identity as Implicit Religion: A Key to Understanding the Loss of Profundity in the Transition from Military to Civilian Life
By: Jan Grimell
References
- Agostino, K. (1998). ‘She’s a good hand’: Navy women’s strategies in masculinist workplaces. Journal of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies, 3(1), 1–22.
- Ainspan, N. D., Penk, W., & Kearney, L. K. (2018). Psychosocial approaches to improving the military-to-civilian transition process. Psychological Services, 15, 129–134. 10.1037/ser0000259
- Atuel, H. R., & Castro, C. A. (2019).
Military transition process and veteran identity . In E. Weiss & C. A. Castro (Eds.), American military life in the 21st Century (pp. 485–496). Denver, CO: ABC-CLIO. - Aux Analysis AB. (2021). Uppföljning av svenska militära utlandsveteraner efter hemkomst från internationell insats. Available at
https://www.auxmilitary.se/material/fysisk_ohalsa.pdf (accessed 30 November, 2024). - Badaró, M. (2015). “One of the guys”: Military women, paradoxical individuality, and the transformations of the Argentine Army. American Anthropologist, 117(1), 86–99. 10.1111/aman.12163
- Bailey, E. (1983). The implicit religion for contemporary society: An orientation and plea for its study. Religion: Journal of Religion and Religions, 13, 63–83. 10.1016/0048-721X(83)90006-4
- Bailey, E. (1990). The implicit religion of contemporary society: Some studies and reflections. Social Compass, 37(4), 483–497. 10.1177/003776890037004006
- Bailey, E. (1997). Implicit religion in contemporary society. Kampen: Kok Pharos.
- Beder, J. (Ed.) (2012). Advances in social work practice with the military. New York: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203825747
- Bragin, M. (2010). Can anyone here know who I am? Co-constructing meaningful narratives with combat veterans. Clinical Social Work Journal, 38(3), 316–326. 10.1007/s10615-010-0267-4
- Brunger, H., Serrato, J., & Ogden, J. (2013). “No man’s land”: The transition to civilian life. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 5(2), 86–100. 10.1108/17596591311313681
- Buell, S. D. (2010). Life is a cruise: What does it mean to be a retired naval officer transitioning into civilian world? (Doctoral dissertation). University of St. Thomas, Minnesota, USA.
- Burkhart, L., & Hogan, N. (2015). Being a female veteran: A grounded theory of coping with transitions. Social Work in Mental Health, 13(2), 108–127. 10.1080/15332985.2013.870102
- Bäckström, P. (2023). Empirical essays on military service and the labour market (Doctoral dissertation). Umeå University, Sweden.
- Castro, C. A., & Dursun, S. (2019). Military veteran reintegration: Approach, management, and assessment of military veterans transitioning to civilian life. London, United Kingdom: Academic Press.
- Clandinin, J. D. (2013). Engaging in narrative inquiry. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, Inc.
- Clandinin, J. D., & Connelly, M. F. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. San Francisco, CA: A Wiley Imprint.
- Daphna-Tekoah, S., Harel-Shalev, A., & Harpaz-Rotem, I. (2021). Thank you for hearing my voice – Listening to women combat veterans in the United States and Israeli Militaries. Frontiers in Psychology, 1–16. 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769123
- Drops, G. J. (1979). Change in self-concept and identity during a time of mid-life transition (Doctoral dissertation). Union Graduate School West, USA.
- French, S. (2005). The code of the warrior: Exploring warrior values past and present. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
- Ganzevoort, R. R. (1998). Reading by the lines: Proposal for a narrative analytical technique in empirical theology. Journal of Empirical Theology, 11(2), 23–40. 10.1163/157092598X00112
- Goffman, E. (2015). Totala institutioner: Fyra essäer om anstaltslivets sociala villkor. Lund: Studentlitteratur.
- Goldstein, J. (2001). War and gender: How gender shapes the war system and vice versa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Greil, A. L. (1993).
Exploration along the sacred frontiers: Notes on para-religions, quasi-religions and other boundary phenomena . In D. G. Bromley & J. K. Hadden (Eds.), Religion and the social order (pp. 153–172). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. - Greil, A. L., & Robbins, T. (1994).
Introduction: Exploring the boundaries of the sacred . In D. G. Bromley (Ed.), Religion and the social order (pp. 1–26). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. - Grimell, J. (2016). Existential spiritual life among Swedish service members in transition: Marking out trends. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 3(3), 208–219. 10.1037/scp0000103
- Grimell, J. (2017a). Making dialogue with an existential voice in transition from military to civilian life. Theory & Psychology, 27, 832–850. 10.1177/0959354317739164
- Grimell, J. (2017b). A service member’s self in transition: A longitudinal case study analysis. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 30, 255–269. 10.1080/10720537.2016.1187580
- Grimell, J. (2018). Reconsidering the uniform: Existential and religious identity reconstruction among Swedes after military service (Doctoral dissertation). Vrije Universiteit, Netherlands.
- Grimell, J. (2020). Aborted transition between two dichotomous cultures as seen through Dialogical Self Theory. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 33, 188–206. 10.1080/10720537.2019.1581999
- Grimell, J. (2022). The invisible wounded warriors in a nation at peace: An interview study on the lives of Swedish veterans of foreign conflicts and their experiences with PTSD, moral injuries, and military identities. Zürich: Lit Verlag.
- Grimell, J., & Van den Berg, M. (2020). Advancing an understanding of the body amid transition from a military life. Culture & Psychology, 26(2), 187–210. 10.1177/1354067X19861054
- Hamilton, M. (2001). Implicit religion and related concepts: Seeking precision. Implicit Religion, 4(1), 1–7. 10.1558/imre.v4i1.5
- Haynie, J. M., & Shepherd, D. (2011). Toward a theory of discontinuous career transition; Investigating career transitions necessitated by traumatic life events. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(3), 501–524. 10.1037/a0021450
- Hogan, H. J. (2024). Martial culture in the lifeways of U.S. servicemembers and veterans: Military psychology, ancient mythology, and re-souling service. New York, NY: Routledge. 10.4324/9781032613222
- Huntington, S. P. (1957). The soldier and the state: The theory and politics of civil-military relations. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
- Inglehart–Welzel. (2022). Cultural map of the world. Available at
www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs.jsp (accessed 28 November 2023). - Janowitz, M. (1960). The professional soldier: A social and political portrait. Glencoe, IL: Free Press of Glencoe. 10.2307/1891771
- Jolly, R. (1996). Changing step. London, UK: Brassey’s Ltd.
- Kaspersen, I. S. (2023). Accepted as soldiers? Exploring female identity performance and whistleblowing dynamics in the Norwegian army. Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies, 6(1), 102–116. 10.31374/sjms.183
- Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). Den kvalitativa forskningen. Lund: Studentlitteratur AB.
- Lemos, C., & Puga-Gonzalez, I. (2021). Belief in God, confidence in the Church and secularization in Scandinavia. Secularism and Nonreligion, 10(5), 1–21. 10.5334/snr.143
- Lifton, R. J. (1992). Home from the war: Learning from Vietnam veterans (with a new preface and epilogue on the Gulf War). Boston: Beacon Press.
- Luckmann, T. (1967). The invisible religion: The problem of religion in modern society. New York, NY: Macmillan.
- Mishler, E. G. (2004). Storylines: Craftartists’ narratives of identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 10.2307/j.ctv22zp3jz
- Robertson, R. (1970). The sociological interpretation of religion. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Savion, S. M. (2009). How do retired officers start anew in civilian society? A phenomenological study of life transition (Doctoral dissertation). The George Washington University, USA.
- Saylors, S. A. (2020). Exploring Identity from Military to Civilian Life: A Phenomenological Study (Doctoral dissertation). Springfield College, USA.
- Shay, J. (2003). Achilles in Vietnam: Combat trauma and the undoing of character. New York: Scribner.
- Sørensen, H. (2011).
Core values of Danish expeditionary soldiers . In H. Fürst & G. Kümmel (Eds.), Core values and the expeditionary mindset: Armed forces in metamorphosis (pp. 179–189). Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. 10.5771/9783845229874-179 - Strachan, H. (2006). Morale and modern war. Journal of Contemporary History, 41(2), 211–227. 10.1177/0022009406062054
- Swatos, W. (1996).
Implicit religion, environmentalism and institutionalized societalism in Iceland: The case of the whale . In J. M. Greer, D. O. Moberg, & M. I. Lynn (Eds.), Research in the social scientific study of religion (Vol. 7, pp. 97–108). London: JAI Press. 10.1163/9789004496231_007 - Verrips, J. (2006).
Dehumanization as a double-edged sword . In G. Baumann & A. Gingrich (Eds.), Grammars of identity/alterity: A structural approach (pp. 145–150). New York: Berghahn Books. - Woodward, R. (2008).
“Not for queen and country or any of that shit.” In D. Cowen & E. Gilbert (Eds.), War, citizenship, territory (pp. 363–384). New York: Routledge. - Woodward, R., & Jenkings, N. (2011). Military identities in the situated accounts of British military personnel. Sociology, 45(2), 252–268. 10.1177/0038038510394016
- Yanos, R. C. (2004). Perceptions of transition to civilian life among recently retired Air Force officers (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, USA.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31374/sjms.295 | Journal eISSN: 2596-3856
Language: English
Page range: 161 - 178
Submitted on: May 27, 2024
Accepted on: Oct 31, 2024
Published on: Nov 16, 2024
Published by: Scandinavian Military Studies
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
© 2024 Jan Grimell, published by Scandinavian Military Studies
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.