References
- Ahmad, A., Jamil, A., & Munawar, N. (2023). GMOs or Non-GMOs? The CRISPR Conundrum. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1232938. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1232938
- Andersson, H.C., Bartsch, D., Buhk, H.-J., Davies, H., De Loose, M., Gasson, M., Hendriksen, N.B., Hill, C., Karenlampi, S., Kryspin-S0rensen, I., Kuiper, H., Nuti, M., O’Gara, F., Puigdomenech, P., Sakellaris, G., Schiemann, J., Seinen, W., Sessitsch, A., Sweet, J., van Elsas, J.D., & Wal, J.-M. (2004). Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms [GMO] on a Request from the Commission Related to the Austrian Invoke of Article 23 of Directive 2001/18/EC1. EFSA Journal, 78, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.2903Zi.efsa.2004.78
- Bohle, F., Schneider, R., Mundorf, J., Zuhl, L., Simon, S., & Engelhard, M. (2024). Where Does the EU-Path on New Genomic Techniques Lead Us? Frontiers in Genome Editing, 6, 1377117. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgeed.2024.1377117
- Bruetschy, C. (2019). The EU Regulatory Framework on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). Transgenic Research, 28, 169-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-019-00149-y
- Centralny Ośrodek Badania Odmian Roślin Uprawnych [COBORU]. (n.d.). Odmiany wpisane do krajowego rejestru (KR). https://www.coboru.gov.pl/pl/kr/kr odm?kodgatunku=SOS
- Centralny Ośrodek Badania Odmian Roślin Uprawnych [COBORU]. (2022). Inicjatywa białkowa COBORU. https://coboru.gov.pl/Dokumenty/IB/Informator%20-%20Iniciatywa%20bialkowa%202022.pdf
- Council of the European Union. (2025, March 14). New Genomic Techniques: Council Agrees Negotiating Mandate. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/03/14/new-genomic-techniques-council-agreesnegotiating-mandate/
- Council Regulation (EC) No 2100/94 of 27 July 1994 on Community Plant Variety Rights (Official Journal of the European Union L 227, 1.9.1994, pp. 1-30). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/1994/2100/oj/eng
- Court of Justice of the European Union. (2013). Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 18 July 2013 – European Commission v Republic of Poland, Case C-313/11. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX% 3A62011CN0313&qid=1764249899545
- Court of Justice of the European Union. (2014). Judgment of 2 October 2014 – European Commission v Republic of Poland, Case C-478/13. Official Journal of the European Union C, 421, p. 15. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A62013CN0478&qid=1764249967793
- Court of Justice of the European Union. (2018). Judgment of 25 July 2018 in case C-528/16, Confederation paysanne and Others v Premier ministre and Ministre de l’agriculture, de l’agroalimentaire et de la foret (ECLI:EU:C:2018:583). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32019D1904&qid=1764250021027
- Davison, J., & Ammann, K. (2017). New GMO Regulations for Old: Determining a New Future for EU Crop Biotechnology. GM Crops & Food, 8(1), 13-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2017.1289305
- Dionglay, C. (2025, May 7). Europe’s Evolving Landscape for New Genomic Techniques and Precision Breeding Technologies. Science Speaks. A blog by ISAAA. https://www.isaaa.org/blog/entry/default.asp?BlogDate=5/7/2025
- Directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 March 2001 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms and repealing Council Directive 90/220/EEC (Official Journal L 106, 17.4.2001, pp. 1-39). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2001/18/oj/eng
- Directive (EU) 2015/412 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2015 Amending Directive 2001/18/EC As Regards the Possibility for the Member States to Restrict or Prohibit the Cultivation of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in Their Territory. (Official Journal L 68, 13.3.2015, pp. 1-8). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2015/412/oj/eng
- Dzwonkowski, W. (Ed.). (2024). Rynek pasz. Stan i perspektywy. Nr 46. IERiGŻ PIB. https://ierigz.waw.pl/publikacje/analizy-rynkowe/rynek-pasz/25687,4,3,0,nr-46-2024-rynek-pasz.html
- European Commission. (EC). (2021). EC Study on New Genomic Techniques. https://food.ec.europa.eu/plants/genetically-modified-organisms/new-techniques-biotechnology/ec-study-new-genomic-techniques en
- European Commission. (EC). (2023). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Plants Obtained by Certain New Genomic Techniques and Their Food and Feed – Mandate for Negotiations with the EuropeanParliament. COM(2023) 411 final. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52023PC0411
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2012). Scientific Opinion on the Annual Post-Market Environmental Monitoring (PMEM) Report from BASF Plant Science Company GmbH on the Cultivation of Genetically Modified Potato EH92-527-1 in 2010. EFSA Journal, 10(2), 2558. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2558
- European Parliament. (2023a). European Protein Strategy. European Parliament Resolution of 19 October 2023 European Protein Strategy (2023/2015(INI)) (Official Journal of the European Union, C/2024/2657, 29.4.2024, P9_TA(2023)0375). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023IP0375
- European Parliament. (2023b). Report on the Proposal for a Regulation on Plants Obtained by Certain New Genomic Techniques and their Food and Feed, and Amending Regulation (EU) 2017/625, 2023/0226(COD). https://oeil.euro-parl.europa.eu/oeil/en/procedure-file?reference=2023/0226(COD)
- European Parliament. (2024). Plants Obtained by Certain New Genomic Techniques and Their Food and Feed. Amendments Adopted Adopted by the European Parliament on 7 February 2024 on the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Plants Obtained by Certain New Genomic Techniques and Their Food and Feed, and Amending Regulation (EU) 2017/625 (COM(2023)0411 – C9-0238/2023 – 2023/0226(COD)) (Official Journal of the European Union C 6358, 7.11.2024, P9_tA(2024)0067). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2024/6358/oj/eng
- European Union (2016). Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Part Three – Union Policies and Internal Actions, Title XX – Environment, Article 191 (ex Article 174 TEC) (Official Journal of the European Union C 202, 7.6.2016). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A12016E191
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety. (2024). Assessment of the Health and Environmental Risks and Socio-Economic Issues Associated with Plants Obtained Using Certain New Genomic Techniques (Request No 2021-SA-0019). Maisons-Alfort.
- Gacek, E.S. (2019). Założenia Inicjatywy Białkowej COBORU. Biuletyn IHAR, 285, 51-52. https://doi.org/10.37317/biul-2019-0000
- Georges, F., & Ray, H. (2017). Genome Editing of Crops: A Renewed Opportunity for Food Security. GM Crops & Food, 8(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2016.1270489
- Goodman, R.E. (2024). Twenty-Eight Years of GM Food and Feed Without Harm: Why Not Accept Them? GM Crops & Food, 15(1), 40-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2024.2305944
- International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications [ISAAA]. (2024, October 23). Poland Defers Implementation of GM Feed Ban. (2024). Retrieved October 23, 2024, from https://www.isaaa.org/kc/cropbiote-chupdate/article/default.asp?ID=21053
- Komunikat Ministra Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi z dnia 2 lutego 2016 r. w sprawie podjęcia przez Radę Ministrów uchwały w sprawie ustanowienia programu wieloletniego pod nazwą “Zwiększenie wykorzystania krajowego białka paszowego dla produkcji wysokiej jakości produktów zwierzęcych w warunkach zrównoważonego rozwoju” (M.P. 2016 poz. 152). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP20160000152
- Korzycka-Iwanow, M. (2017). Prawo żywnościowe. Zarys prawa polskiego i unijnego. Wolters Kluwer.
- Kowalska, A.S., Olszańska, A., Szymańska, J., & Paskudzka, K. (2023). International Competitiveness of the Poultry Sector in Poland Over the Last 20 Years. Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists, 25(4), 198-213. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9504
- Krajowy Ośrodek Wsparcia Rolnictwa (KOWR). (2024). Rynek roślin oleistych. Monitoring Zagranicznych Rynków Rolnych, 1. https://www.gov.pl/attachment/43138a1b-fcda-4b48-b648-98d258831f8d
- Małopolska Izba Rolnicza. (2025). MRiRW w sprawie NGT. Retrieved April 29, 2025, from https://www.mir.krakow. pl/artykuly/MRiRW-w-sprawie-NGT,17145.html
- Parliament and Council reached a trilogue agreement at second reading in December 2014 on legislation proposed by the Commission in 2010, granting Member States more freedom to decide over cultivation of genetically modified organisms on their territory. Retrieved June 20, 2025, from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/EPRS/EPRS-AaG-545708-Member-State-bans-on-GMOs-FINAL.pdf
- Pasińska, D. (Ed.). (2024). Rynek drobiu. Stan i perspektywy. Nr 66. lERiGŻ PIB. https://ierigz.waw.pl/publikacje/analizy-rynkowe/rynek-drobiu/25730,59,3,0,nr-66-2024-rynek-drobiu.html
- Prusiński, J. (2018). Odmiany roślin strączkowych w katalogu wspólnotowym Unii Europejskiej. Fragmenta Agronomica, 35(4), 80-92. https://pta.up.poznan.pl/pdf/2018/FA%2035(4)2018%20Prusinski.pdf
- Prusiński, J. (2019). Struktura, pochodzenie i znaczenie odmian roślin bobowatych grubonasiennych w Katalogu Wspólnotowym i w Krajowym Rejestrze Odmian. Biuletyn IHAR, 285, 55-57.
- Rada Ministrów. (2008). Ramowe stanowisko rządu RP dotyczące organizmów genetycznie zmodyfikowanych (GMO). https://www.keine-gentechnik.de/fileadmin/news links/1702416816-gmo-ramowe-stanowisko-polski-2008.pdf
- Rada Ministrów. (2017). Uchwała nr 8 z dnia 14 lutego 2017 r. w sprawie przyjęcia Strategii na rzecz Odpowiedzialnego Rozwoju do roku 2020 (z perspektywą do 2030 r.) (MP 2017, poz. 260). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails. xsp?id=WMP20170000260
- Regulation (EC) No. 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on Genetically Modified Food and Feed (Official Journal of the European Communities L 268, 18.10.2003, pp. 1-23). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2003/1829/oj/eng
- Roscoe, T.J., Lessire, R., Puyaubert, J., Renard, M., & Delseny, M. (2001). Mutations in the Fatty Acid Elongation 1 Gene Are Associated with a Loss of P-ketoacyl-CoA Synthase Activity in Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed. FEBS Letters, 492(1), 107-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02243-8
- Rosiak, E. (Ed.). (2024). Rynek rzepaku. Stan i perspektywy. Nr 66. lERiGŻ PIB. https://ierigz.waw.pl/publikacje/analizy-rynkowe/rynek-rzepaku/25738,59,3,0,nr-66-2024-rynek-rzepaku.html
- Sarnowski, J. (2012). Program “Ulepszanie krajowych źródeł białka roślinnego, ich produkcji, systemu obrotu i wykorzystania w paszach”. Wielkopolski Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego w Poznaniu. https://archiwum.wodr.poznan.pl/baza-informacyjna/technologia/produkcja-roslinna/rosliny-bobowate-motylkowate-straczkowe/straczkowe/item/2108-program-%E2%80%9Eulepszanie-krajowych-%C5%BAr%C3%B3de%C5%82-bia%C5%82ka-ro%C5%9Blinnegoich-produkcji-systemu-obrotu-i-wykorzystania-w-paszach%E2%80%9D?
- Scott-Thomas, C. (2013). Poland Latest European Country to Ban GM Crops. FoodNavigator. https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2013/01/07/Poland-latest-European-country-to-ban-GM-crops
- Teferra, T.F (2021). Should we Still Worry About the Safety of GMO Foods? Why and Why Not? A Review. Food Science & Nutrition, 9(9), 5324-5331. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2499
- Think Tank European Parliament. (2015). Imports of GM Food and Feed: Right of Member States to Opt out (Third Edition). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS BRI(2015)569030
- Ustawa z dnia 26 czerwca 2003 r. o nasiennictwie (Dz.U. 2003 nr 137 poz. 1299). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20031371299
- Ustawa z dnia 22 lipca 2006 r. o paszach (Dz.U. 2006 nr 144 poz. 1045). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails. xsp?id=WDU20061441045
- Ustawa z dnia 9 listopada 2012 r. o nasiennictwie (Dz.U. 2012 poz. 1512). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails. xsp?id=WDU20120001512
- Wrześniewska-Wal, I. (2008). Żywność genetycznie zmodyfikowana Aspekty prawne. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
- Yin, K., Chung, M.Y., Lan, B., Du, F.K., & Chung, M.G. (2024). Plant Conservation in the Age of Genome Editing: Opportunities and Challenges. Genome Biology, 25, 279. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-024-03399-0
- Zimny, T., Sowa, S., Tyczewska, A., & Twardowski, T. Certain New Plant Breeding Techniques and Their Marketability in the Context of EU GMO Legislation – Recent Developments. New Biotechnology, 51, 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2019.02.003