Integrated balanced scorecard model for production safety incorporating the Industry 4.0 perspective

The aim of this study was to develop a five-layer balanced scorecard (BSC) model for production safety, expanded to include a digital perspective consistent with the Industry 4.0 concept and to develop a strategy map. This approach enables the integration of strategic and operational objectives, the identification of cause-and-effect relationships, and their mapping within the structure of key performance indicators (KPIs). The research used a literature review, a conceptual approach, and elements of systems modelling. The research was carried out in close collaboration with a manufacturing company, allowing the adaptation of the developed model based on actual process data and its partial verification in a production environment. This solution increased the applicability of the proposed approach. The research results indicate that expanding the classic Balanced Scorecard with a digital component enhances the company’s ability to make sound decisions in conditions of rapid development and high technological risk.