Technological and ecological safety in aspect of chemical properties of recycled neodymium magnets – electric motors and hard disk

Kapustka, Katarzyna; Ziegmann, Gerhard; Klimecka-Tatar, Dorota

doi:10.30657/pea.2017.17.08

Abstract

Neodymium magnets currently dominate the magnet market due to their superior magnetic properties with maximum volume minimization. In this paper, the results of X-ray analysis for two types of magnetic powder obtained from the recovered magnets traditionally used in electric motors and hard disk have been presented. The NdFeB magnets are composed of 25-35 wt. % rare earth elements (RE) and the rest being transition metals (mainly Fe.). RE, other than Nd, such Dy, Pr, Tb and Gd or exogen elements, other than Fe, such as Al, Co, Ga, Nb, Si, Cu and Zr can also be present as minor admixtures. This paper brings an opportunity to introduce the hard magnets recycling technology on an industrial scale.

References

Chen W., et al. 2004. Effective anisotropy, exchange-coupling length and coercivity in Nd 8− x R x Fe 87.5 B 4.5 (R= Dy, Sm, x= 0–0.6) nano-composite, Materials Science and Engineering: B, 110, 1, 107-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2004.02.01210.1016/j.mseb.2004.02.012
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cucchiella F., D´Adamo I., Lenny Koh S. C., Rosa P., 2015. Recycling of WEEEs: an economic assessment of present and future e-waste streams. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 263–272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.01010.1016/j.rser.2015.06.010
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cullity B. D., Cullity S., Stock S. R. 2001. Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ding G., Guo S., Chen L., Di J., Chen K., Chen R., Lee D., Yan A. 2017. Effects of the grain size on domain structure and thermal stability of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, Jurnal of Alloys and Compounds, 735, 1176-1180.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
European Commission 2016. Study on harmonisation of the format for registration and reporting of producers of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) to the national register and on the frequency of reporting.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Goll D., Kronmüller H. 2000. High-performance permanent magnets, Naturwissenschaften, 87, 10, 423-438.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gutfleisch O. 2000. Controlling the properties of high energy density permanent magnetic materials by different processing routes, Journal of Physics D, 33, 17, 157-172.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jiang J., Zeng Z., Yu J., Wu J., Tokunaga M. 2001. The effect of Co addition on the fracture strength of NdFeB sintered magnets, Intermetallics 9, 269-272.10.1016/S0966-9795(00)00063-7
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kardas E. 2016. The assessment of quality of products using selected quality instruments, Production Engineering Archives, Vol. 10, No 1, 5-8.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kobayashi K., Urushibata K., Matsushita T., Sakamoto S., Suzuki S. 2014. Magnetic properties and domain structures in Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with Tb additive reactes and diffused from the sample surface, Jurnal of Alloys and Compounds 615, 569-575.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Önal M. Borra C., Guo M., Blanpain B., Gerven T. 2017. Hydrometallurgical recycling of NdFeB magnets: Complete leaching, iron removal and electrolysis, Journal of Rare Earths, 35, 574.10.1016/S1002-0721(17)60950-5
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pan M., Zhang P., Li X., Ge H., Wu Q., Jiao Z., Liu T. 2010. Effect of Terbium addition on the coercivity of the sintered NdFeB magnets, Jurnal od Rare Earths, Vol. 28, 399.10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60300-6
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schen S., Tsoi M., Prosperi D., Tudor C., Dove S., Bevan A., Furlan G., Zakotnik M. 2017. A comparative study of magnetoresistance and magnetic structure in recycled vs. virgin NdFeB-type sintered magnets, Jurnal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 422, 158-162.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Skomski R., Coes J.M.D. 1999. Permanent Magnetism. Philadelphia: Institute of Physics Publishing.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tan G. S., et al. 2017. Study on magnetic properties of (Nd 0.8 Ce 0.2) 2− xFe 12 Co 2 B (x= 0–0.6) alloys, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 437, 17-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.04.03210.1016/j.jmmm.2017.04.032
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tao S., et al. 2018. High-coercivity Nd 7.5 Y 2.7 Fe 62 B 22.3 Nb 3.1 Cu 2.4 nanocomposite magnet produced by rapid solidification process, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 735, 81-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.106.10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.106
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Technological and ecological safety in aspect of chemical properties of recycled neodymium magnets – electric motors and hard disk

Abstract

Paradigm

My account