Clinical Supervision and Support: Exploring Pre-registration Nursing Students’ Clinical Practice in Malawi

Figures & Tables

Clinical supervision by programmes, institutions and levels of study.

[i] N = Number, % = percentage,* = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.001.

Scheffe’s post hoc multiple comparisons on institution of study and clinical supervision.

Institutions		$(\bar{x})$		p	CI	F-statistics
College 6	College 1	–0.1647		0.398	[–0.3937–0.0644]	5.665**
	College 2	–0.2842		0.098	[–0.5910–0.0226]
	College 3	–0.2598		0.083	[–0.5347–0.0151]
	College 4	–0.1584		0.563	[–0.4058–0.0891]
	College 5	–0.0753		0.988	[–0.3216–0.1711]
	College 7	0.3450	**	0.001	[–0.5970–0.0929]
	College 8	–0.2429	*	0.014	[–0.4594–0.0264]
College 7	College 1	0.1803		0.449	[–0.0797–0.4403]
	College 2	0.0608		––	[–0.2698–0.3913]
	College 3	0.0852		0.992	[–0.2160–0.3863]
	College 4	0.1866		0.488	[–0.0897–0.4629]
	College 5	0.2697		0.061	[–0.0056–0.5450]
	College 6	0.3450	**	0.001	[0.0929–0.5970]
	College 8	0.1021		0.935	[–0.1470–0.3511]
College 8	College 1	0.0783		0.974	[–0.1475–0.3040]
	College 2	–0.0413		––	[–0.3456–0.2630]
	College 3	–0.0169		––	[–0.2890–0.2552]
	College 4	0.0845		0.974	[–0.1598–0.3288]
	College 5	0.1677		0.458	[–0.0756–0.4109]
	College 6	0.2429	*	0.014	[0.0264–0.4594]
	College 7	–0.1021		0.935	[–0.3511–0.1470]

[i] * = significant at p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001, $(\bar{x})$ = Mean Difference, p = Significance CI = 95% Confidence Interval.

Scheffe’s post hoc multiple comparisons on hospital of placement and clinical supervision.

Hospital		$(\bar{x})$		p	CI	F-statistics
Hospital A	Hospital B	–0.1278		0.464	[–0.3515–0.0959]	3.714*
	Hospital C	0.0244		0.956	[–0.0967–0.1455]
	Hospital D	–0.1149		0.207	[–0.2654–0.0356]
Hospital B	Hospital A	0.1278		0.464	[–0.0959–0.3515]
	Hospital C	0.1522		0.261	[–0.0607–0.3651]
	Hospital D	0.0129		0.999	[–0.2180–0.2438]
Hospital C	Hospital A	–0.0244		0.956	[–0.1455–0.0967]
	Hospital B	–0.1522		0.261	[–0.3651–0.0607]
	Hospital D	–0.1393	**	0.038	[–0.2733–0.0053]
Hospital D	Hospital A	0.1149		0.207	[–0.0356–0.2654]
	Hospital B	–0.0129		0.999	[–0.2438–0.2180]
	Hospital C	0.1393	**	0.038	[0.0053–0.2733]

[i] * = Significant at p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001, $(\bar{x})$ = Mean Difference, p = Significance CI = 95% Confidence Interval.

Scheff’s post hoc multiple comparisons on number of times students met with Nurse Educator (NE) and clinical supervision.

Times met with NE		$(\bar{x})$		p	CI
Not met with NE	Met 1–2 times	–0.1789	*	0.026	[–0.3444 – –0.0135]
	Met 3–4 times	–0.2540	**	0.001	[–0.4293 – –0.0786]
	Met 5–6 times	–0.2229	*	0.036	[–0.4372 – –0.0085]
	Met 7 times above	–0.2911	**	0.001	[–0.5028 – –0.0795]
	Not met	0.1790	*	0.026	[0.0135–0.3444]
Met NE 1–2 times	Met 3–4 times	–0.0751		0.596	[–0.2141–0.0640]
	Met 5–6 times	–0.0439		0.970	[–0.2297–0.1420]
	Met 7 times above	–0.1122		0.463	[–0.2949–0.0705]
Met NE 3–4 times	Not met	0.0568		0.001	[0.0786–0.4293]
	Met 1–2 times	0.0450		0.596	[–0.0640–0.2141]
	Met 5–6 times	0.0630		0.993	[–0.1635–0.2259]
	Met 7 times above	0.0620		0.986	[–0.2288–0.1545]
Met NE 5–6 times	Not met	0.2228	*	0.036	[0.0085–0.4372]
	Met 1–2 times	0.0439		0.970	[–0.1420–0.2297]
	Met 3–4 times	–0.0312		0.993	[–0.2259–0.1635]
	Met 7 times above	–0.0683		0.930	[–0.2962–0.1596]
Met NE 7 times above	Not met	0.2911	**	0.001	[0.0795–0.5028]
	Met 1–2 times	0.1122		0.463	[–0.0705–0.2949]
	Met 3–4 times	0.0372		0.986	[–0.1545–0.2288]
	Met 5–6 times	0.0683		0.930	[–0.1596–0.2962]

[i] **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, F = 6.399***, $(\bar{x})$ = Mean Difference, p = Significance CI = 95% Confidence Interval.

Scheffe’s post hoc multiple comparisons on programme of study and satisfaction with clinical supervision.

Programme of study		$(\bar{x})$		p	CI
BSc Nursing	RN Diploma	–0.1454	*	0.047	[–0.2893 – –0.0015]
	Enrolled (NMT)	–0.1042		0.069	[–0.2157–0.0060]
RN Diploma	BSc Nursing	0.1454	*	0.047	[0.0015–0.2893]
	Enrolled (NMT)	0.0406		0.678	[–0.0724–0.1536]
Enrolled (NMT)	BSc Nursing	0.1048		0.069	[–0.0060–0.2157]
	RN Diploma	–0.0406		0.678	[–0.1536–0.0724]

[i] * = significant at p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, $(\bar{x})$ = Mean Difference, p = Significance CI = 95% Confidence Interval.