Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Comparison of concentration of heavy metals in fish collected from the Red Sea and other regions (all values are in μg g-1 wet weight)_
| Study area | Sampling year | Sample type | Hg | Cu | Pb | Mn | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jeddah, Central Red Sea, Saudi Arabia | 2019 | muscle | ***-0.005 | 0.137-0.183 | 0.016-0.03 | 0.052-0.064 | present study |
| Jazan, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia | -- | muscle | -- | -- | 0.15-0.38 | 0.07-0.12 | Idris et al. 2015 |
| Jeddah, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia | -- | muscle | -- | -- | 1.03-3.40 | -- | Ali et al. 2011a |
| Red Sea, Egypt | 2010-2011 | muscle | -- | 0.17-0.77 | 0.21-0.88 | 0.1-0.93 | El-Moselhy et al. 2014 |
| Red Sea, Egypt | -- | whole fish | -- | -- | 0.05-1.30 | -- | Emra et al. 1993 |
| Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea | -- | whole fish | -- | -- | 4.80 | 1.63 | Abu Hilal and Ismail, 2008. |
| Gadani ship breaking area, Pakistan, Arabian Sea | -- | muscle | -- | -- | 1.15-4.04 | 1.3-10.59 | Kakar et al. 2020 |
| Iskenderun Bay, Turkey | 2016 | muscle | 0.019 | -- | 0.096 | 0.149 | Kaya and Turkoglu, 2017 |
| Aliaga Bay, Mediterranean Sea | 2014 | muscle | -- | 0.3 | 0.08 | -- | Pazi et al. 2017 |
| Gaza fishing harbor, Mediterranean Sea | 2013-2014 | muscle | -- | 3.01-17.47 | 0.73-3.24 | 0.26-1.26 | Zaqoot et al. 2017 |
| Corsica Island, Mediterranean Sea | 2012 | muscle | -- | 0.349 | 0.084 | 0.072 | Gobert et al. 2017 |
| Southeast coast of India, Indian Ocean | 2010-2011 | muscle | 0.24 | 4.56 | 0.22 | 0.35 | Thiyagarajan et al. 2012. |
| U.A.E coast, Arabian Gulf | 2018 | whole fish | 0.04-0.18 | 1.2-24 | -- | -- | Alizada et al. 2020 |
List of fish species collected in this study along with size and feeding habits_ Feeding behavior and habitat details were retrieved from fishbase (https://www_fishbase_de/search_php)_
| Species name | Size (length, cm) | Feeding behavior | habitat |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lethrinus mahsena | 22.66 ± 1.75 | carnivorous | coral reefs, seagrass |
| Acanthurus gahhm | 31.3 ± 0.60 | omnivorous | reefs |
| Siganus rivulatus | 21.6 ± 0.79 | herbivorous | coral reefs, other subtidal hard and soft substrates |
| Scarus ferrugineus | 32.6 ± 1.35 | herbivorous | coral reefs |
| Hipposcarus harid | 24.36 ± 0.70 | herbivorous | coral reefs |
One-way ANOVA results for the concentration of copper, lead and manganese in fish samples collected in this study_
| Metal | Source of variation | df | MS | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| between species | 4 | 0.001 | 1.174 0.378 | ||
| copper | within species | 10 | 0.000 | ||
| Total | 14 | ||||
| between species | 4 | 0.000 | 2.948 | 0.075 | |
| lead | within species | 10 | 0.000 | ||
| Total | 14 | ||||
| between species | 4 | 0.000 | 0.851 | 0.524 | |
| manganese | within species | 10 | 0.000 | ||
| Total | 14 | ||||