Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Morphometric and meristic characteristics of S_ synodus collected from the Libyan waters of the Mediterranean Sea off the city of Benghazi, compared with results obtained from various localities_
| This study n = 3 | Deidun et al. (2025) n = 2 | Di Franco et al. (2026) n = 1 | Farhat et al. (2026) n = 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (g) | 71.7–114.2 | 38.6, 244.7 | 221 | 27.5, 34.0 |
| Morphometric characters (mm) | ||||
| Total length | 194–233 | 166.1, 300.2 | 265 | 160, 168 |
| Fork length | 190–215 (93.5%–97.9%) | 154.2 (92.8%), 277.3 (90.3%) | - | 150 (93.5%), 160 (95.2%) |
| SL | 176–205 (87.9%–90.7%) | 146.1 (88%), 260 (86.6%) | 238 | 142 (88.8%), 149 (88.7%) |
| Head length | 47–51 (24.87%–26.70%) | 35.5 (24.2%), 62.8 (24.3%) | - | 31.6 (22.3%), 38.3 (25.7%) |
| Snout length | 8–10 (4.39%–4.9%) | 6.0 (3.8%), 10.0 (4.1%) | - | 8.3 (5.9%), 8.6 (5.8%) |
| Upper jaw length | 30–33 (16.09%–17%) | 24.2 (16.6%), 46.3 (17.8%) | - | 23.7 (16.7%), 26.3 (17.7%) |
| Eye diameter | 6–10 (3.40%–4.9%) | 12.0 (4.6%), 7.0 (4.8%) | - | 7.1 (5%), 7.2 (4.8%%) |
| Least width of the bony Interorbital | 4–6 (2.3%–2.9%) | 4.2 (2.9%), 8.3 (3.2%) | - | - |
| Pre-dorsal fin origin | 71–85 (40%–41.7%) | 56 (38.4%), 116 (44.6%) | - | 58.1 (40.9%), 61.4 (41.2%) |
| Pre-adipose fin origin | 141–174 (80.1%–85.3%) | 118.1 (80.8%), 217 (83.5%) | - | 114.6 (80.7%),122.5 (82.2%) |
| Preanal fin origin | 139–162 (79%–79.4%) | 115 (78.8%), 209.3 (80.5%) | - | 112.4 (79.2%), 119.2 (80%) |
| Pre-pelvic fin origin | 58–71 (30.9%–34.6%) | 48.2 (32.8%), 85.3 (33%) | - | 49.9 (35.1%), 51.5 (34.6%) |
| Pre-pectoral fin origin | 45–52 (23.90%–25.6%) | 37.5 (25.7%), 68 (26.2%) | - | 37 (24.8%), 38.2 (26.9%) |
| Meristic characters | ||||
| Dorsal fin rays | 12–13 | 13 | 13 | 13, 14 |
| Anal fin rays | 8–9 | 8 | 9 | 9 |
| Pectoral fin rays | 11–13 | 12 | - | 12 |
| Ventral fin rays | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Pored lateral-line scales | 52–65 | 59 | 57 | 56, 57 |
| Scales above the lateral to the dorsal fin | 5–5.5 | 4 | 5 | 3.5 |
| Scales below the lateral line to the anal fin | 7.5–8 | - | 7 | |
| Number of teeth on the free end of the tongue | 48–50 | 25, 50 | - | - |
| Peritoneal spots | 14–15 | - | - | 11 |