Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
The HPI results according to seasons
| Wi × Qi | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Element | Spring | Summer | Autumn | Winter |
| As | 0.47108 | 0.44218 | 0.38367 | 0.4405 |
| Cu | 0.00225 | 0.0023 | 0.00208 | 0.0023 |
| Zn | 0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.0003 |
| Cd | 30 | 30 | 29.5 | 26.42 |
| Ni | 0.57143 | 0.57143 | 0.47952 | 0.54771 |
| Pb | 0 | 0.021 | 2.70333 | 0.52067 |
| HPI (Ʃ Wi × Qi) | 92.68 | 92.65 | 98.72 | 83.38 |
The distribution of phytoplanktonic organisms in the Armağan Dam Lake according to the stations (individuals · mL−1)
| Station 1 | Station 2 | Station 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kingdom Eubacteria | |||
| Phylum Cyanobacteria | |||
| Anabaena sp. | 131 | 157 | 142 |
| Aphanocapsa sp. | 10 | 3 | 14 |
| Leptolyngbya sp. | 13 | 13 | 6 |
| Merismopedia tenuissima | 26 | 21 | 0 |
| Oscillatoria sp. | 44 | 60 | 38 |
| Planktothrix sp. | 325 | 227 | 172 |
| Kingdom Chromista | |||
| Phylum Bacillariophyta | |||
| Acanthoceras zachariasii | 44 | 60 | 45 |
| Achnanthes lanceolata | 33 | 34 | 10 |
| Achnanthidium exiguum | 32 | 39 | 19 |
| Amphora sp. | 14 | 23 | 18 |
| Asterionella formosa | 632 | 701 | 341 |
| Aulacoseira granulata | 1097 | 897 | 694 |
| Brachysira brebissonii | 8 | 10 | 3 |
| Cocconeis placentula | 11 | 13 | 44 |
| Cocconeis scutellum | 15 | 10 | 23 |
| Cyclotella meneghiniana | 71 | 23 | 0 |
| Cymbella cymbiformis | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Cymbella cistula | 12 | 15 | 15 |
| Diatoma moniliformis | 23 | 10 | 0 |
| Diploneis coffaeiformis. | 0 | 8 | 7 |
| Diploneis smithii | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Epithemia sorex | 8 | 0 | 14 |
| Fragilaria capucina | 142 | 132 | 98 |
| Fragilaria crotonensis | 279 | 190 | 153 |
| Gomphonema angustatum | 3 | 1 | 10 |
| Gomphonema olivaceum | 1 | 1 | 11 |
| Gyrosigma acuminatum | 90 | 98 | 42 |
| Hannaea arcus | 12 | 4 | 8 |
| Hantzschia amphioxy | 2 | 11 | 0 |
| Mastogloia lanceolata | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Melosira varians | 0 | 17 | 13 |
| Meridion circulare | 53 | 59 | 0 |
| Navicula cincta | 8 | 21 | 0 |
| Navicula radiosa | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| Nitzschia acicularis | 458 | 420 | 347 |
| Nitzschia dissipata | 49 | 45 | 29 |
| Nitzschia gracilis | 34 | 39 | 45 |
| Nitzschia sp. | 10 | 7 | 0 |
| Rhopalodia gibba | 11 | 10 | 7 |
| Tabellaria fenestrata | 7 | 6 | 3 |
| Ulnaria capitata | 448 | 304 | 224 |
| Ulnaria acus | 39 | 25 | 4 |
| Urosolenia eriensis | 48 | 29 | 8 |
| Kingdom Chromista | |||
| Phylum Miozoa | |||
| Ceratium hirundinella | 4033 | 4076 | 2675 |
| Peridinium cinctum | 463 | 337 | 297 |
| Peridinium quinquecorne | 233 | 93 | 93 |
| Peridiniopsis quadridens | 54 | 62 | 46 |
| Protoperidinium bipes | 113 | 128 | 83 |
| Kingdom Chromista | |||
| Phylum Heterokontophyta | |||
| Dinobryon bavaricum | 69 | 25 | 19 |
| Dinobryon divergens | 871 | 1082 | 1082 |
| Dinobryon sertularia | 286 | 191 | 172 |
| Kingdom Plantae | |||
| Phylum Chlorophyta | |||
| Desmodesmus serratus | 10 | 10 | 4 |
| Monactinus simplex | 18 | 1 | 8 |
| Scenedesmus acunae | 5 | 13 | 22 |
| Scenedesmus obliquus | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Scenedesmus opolinensis | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| Kingdom Plantae | |||
| Phylum Charophyta | |||
| Mougeotia abnormis | 108 | 186 | 81 |
| Mougeotia genuflexa | 50 | 75 | 34 |
| Total | 10 563 | 10 035 | 7231 |
The seasonal average values of physical and chemical variables measured at the stations, SWQMR water quality classes, WHO permissible limits, and irrigation water suitability
| Parameter | St. 1 | St. 2 | St. 3 | Average | Water quality class (SWQMR) | Permissible limit (WHO) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 7.83 | 8.07 | 8.05 | 7.98 | I | 8.2–8.8 |
| DO/mg · L−1 | 8.2 | 8.27 | 8.08 | 8.18 | I | - |
| Conductivity/μS · cm−1 | 509.25 | 314.73 | 314.68 | 379.55 | I | 400 μS · cm−1 |
| Salinity/‰ | 0.29 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.23 | - | - |
| TDS/mg · L−1 | 251.38 | 153.73 | 155.88 | 187 | I | 1000 mg · L−1 |
| Twater/°C | 18.88 | 18.83 | 19.3 | 19 | I | - |
| Light transparency/cm | 446.25 | 542.5 | 410 | 466.25 | - | - |
| Chlorophyll-a/μg · L−1 | 2.46 | 2.44 | 1.79 | 2.23 | - | - |
| Fluoride/mg · L−1 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.12 | I | 0.5 mg · L−1 |
| Chloride/mg · L−1 | 17.93 | 4.01 | 4.02 | 8.65 | - | 700 mg · L−1 |
| Nitrite/mg · L−1 | 0.1 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | III | 3 mg · L−1 |
| Nitrate/mg · L−1 | 1.25 | 0.84 | 0.75 | 0.95 | I | 50 mg · L−1 |
| Sulfate/mg · L−1 | 5.34 | 7.82 | 7.87 | 7.01 | I | 250 mg · L−1 |
| Phosphate/mg · L−1 | 0 | 0.76 | 0.24 | 0.33 | II | - |
The MI results according to seasons
| MI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Element | Spring | Summer | Autumn | Winter |
| As | 0.01157 | 0.02313 | 0.04653 | 0.0238 |
| Cu | 0.00077 | 0 | 0.00311 | 0 |
| Zn | 0.00044 | 0 | 0.0016 | 0 |
| Cd | 0 | 0 | 0.01667 | 0.11933 |
| Ni | 0 | 0 | 0.16083 | 0.0415 |
| Pb | 0 | 0.0021 | 0.27033 | 0.05207 |
| ƩMI | 0.01277 | 0.02523 | 0.49907 | 0.2367 |
The distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Armağan Dam Lake according to the seasons (individuals · m−2)
| Taxa | Spring | Summer | Autumn | Winter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cnidaria | ||||
| Hydra sp. | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nematoda | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 |
| Mollusca | ||||
| Dreissena polymorpha | 59 | 215 | 22 | 0 |
| Physella acuta | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Oligochaeta | ||||
| Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri | 0 | 1000 | 156 | 474 |
| Potamothrix hammoniensis | 296 | 348 | 178 | 0 |
| Stylaria lacustris | 0 | 133 | 0 | 0 |
| Hirudinea | ||||
| Glossiphoniidae | 7 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
| Ephemeroptera | ||||
| Baetis sp. 1 | 44 | 133 | 0 | 0 |
| Baetis sp. 2 | 22 | 74 | 0 | 0 |
| Odonata | ||||
| Orthetrum sp. | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| Coenagrionidae | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| Coleoptera (Larva) | 0 | 67 | 0 | 0 |
| Ceratopogonoidae | 0 | 67 | 0 | 0 |
| Chironomidae | ||||
| Halocladius millenarius | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| Psectrocladius limbatellus | 0 | 7 | 7 | 22 |
| Psectrocladius sordidellus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Orthocladius thienemanni | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
| Ablabesmyia monilis | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 |
| Ablabesmyia phatta | 0 | 37 | 7 | 0 |
| Procladius sp. | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 |
| Tanypus kraatzi | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Tanypus punctipennis | 0 | 437 | 0 | 0 |
| Chironomus tentans | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Endochironomus albipennis | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| Endochironomus dissidens | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Polypedilum nubeculosum | 22 | 96 | 0 | 0 |
| Cladotanytarsus mancus | 0 | 141 | 0 | 0 |
| Micropsectra curvicornis | 15 | 22 | 0 | 0 |
| Micropsectra notescens | 22 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
| Rheotanytarsus sp. | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 |
| Rheotanytarsus exiquus | 0 | 111 | 0 | 0 |
| Tanytarsus gregarius | 30 | 67 | 22 | 0 |
| Virgatanytarsus arduennensis | 15 | 59 | 0 | 7 |
| TOTAL | 584 | 3228 | 429 | 577 |
The distribution of zooplanktonic organisms in the Armağan Dam Lake according to the seasons (individuals · m−3)
| Autumn | Winter | Spring | Summer | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cladocera | ||||
| Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Liévin, 1848) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 318 |
| Daphnia pulex (Leydig, 1860) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1752 |
| Daphnia cucullata (G. O. Sars, 1862) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 425 |
| Daphnia longispina (O. F. Müller, 1876) | 106 | 0 | 0 | 637 |
| Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785) | 318 | 0 | 0 | 796 |
| Bosmina longirostris (O. F. Müller, 1785) | 1274 | 531 | 2389 | 584 |
| Pleuroxus aduncus (Jurine, 1820) | 0 | 265 | 0 | 212 |
| Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. Müller, 1776) | 425 | 0 | 106 | 106 |
| Alona guttata (Sars, 1862) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 106 |
| Alona quadrangularis (O. F. Müller, 1785) | 0 | 53 | 53 | 372 |
| Total Cladocera | 2123 | 849 | 2548 | 5308 |
| Copepoda | ||||
| Eudiaptomus vulgaris (Schmeil, 1898) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159 |
| Arctodiaptomus wierzejskii (Richard, 1888) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 106 |
| Eucyclops (E.) serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 106 |
| Cyclops abyssorum (G. O. Sars, 1863) | 159 | 0 | 0 | 159 |
| Cyclops vicinus (Uljanin, 1875) | 53 | 0 | 159 | 372 |
| Acanthocyclops robustus (G. O. Sars, 1863) | 0 | 0 | 53 | 372 |
| Megacyclops viridis (Jurine, 1820) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159 |
| Onychocamptus mohammed (Blanchard, Rıchard, 1891) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 106 |
| Nauplius | 425 | 159 | 902 | 1911 |
| Cyclopoid copepodit | 265 | 212 | 106 | 1115 |
| Calanoid copepodit | 53 | 0 | 0 | 584 |
| Total Copepoda | 955 | 372 | 1221 | 5149 |
| Rotifera | ||||
| Anuraeopsis navicula (Rousselet, 1911) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 |
| Brachionus angularis (Gosse, 1851) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 212 |
| Brachionus quadridentatus (Hermann, 1783) | 0 | 53 | 0 | 212 |
| Brachionus diversicornis (Daday, 1883) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 265 |
| Kellicottia longispina (Kellicott, 1879) | 4565 | 1274 | 0 | 3609 |
| Keratella cochlearis (Gosse, 1851) | 478 | 0 | 3981 | 4459 |
| Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786) | 0 | 0 | 4618 | 2866 |
| Keratella tecta (Gosse, 1851) | 478 | 0 | 1168 | 106 |
| Keratella tropica (Apstein, 1907) | 0 | 0 | 2017 | 0 |
| Colurella uncinata (Müller, 1773) | 53 | 0 | 53 | 53 |
| Polyarthra vulgaris (Carlin, 1943) | 0 | 0 | 1911 | 902 |
| Polyarthra remata (Skorikov, 1896) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 |
| Polyarthra euryptera (Wierzejski, 1891) | 478 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Synchaeta oblonga (Ehrenberg, 1832) | 0 | 0 | 159 | 159 |
| Synchaeta pectinata (Ehrenberg, 1832) | 106 | 0 | 0 | 53 |
| Asplanchna priodonta (Gosse, 1850) | 1062 | 106 | 2601 | 2176 |
| Mytilina mucronata (Müller, 1773) | 0 | 0 | 53 | 106 |
| Lecane luna (Müller, 1776) | 0 | 0 | 212 | 106 |
| Lecane bulla (Gosse, 1886) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 |
| Ascomorpha ovalis (Bengendahl, 1892) | 159 | 53 | 0 | 637 |
| Ascomorpha ecuadis (Petry, 1850) | 159 | 0 | 212 | 53 |
| Gastropus minor (Rousselet, 1892) | 0 | 0 | 106 | 106 |
| Epiphanes macroura (Barrois & Daday, 1894) | 0 | 0 | 106 | 0 |
| Trichocerca capucina (Wierjeski & Zacharias, 1893) | 0 | 0 | 1911 | 53 |
| Trichocerca cylindrica (Imhof, 1891) | 53 | 0 | 6104 | 478 |
| Trichocerca elongata (Gosse, 1886) | 53 | 0 | 1592 | 106 |
| Trichocerca bicristata (Gosse, 1887) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1062 |
| Trichocerca longiseta (Schrank, 1802) | 0 | 0 | 1592 | 796 |
| Hexarthra mira (Hudson, 1871) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 265 |
| Filinia longiseta (Ehrenberg, 1834) | 0 | 0 | 2017 | 3025 |
| Total Rotifera | 7643 | 1486 | 30 414 | 22 028 |
| TOTAL | 10 722 | 2707 | 34 183 | 32 484 |