Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of the world’s highest aquatic environments from the Western Himalayas, India

Pardhi, Samadhan; Kokila, Thiruvalan; Thacker, Mital; Alakananda, B.; Karthick, Balasubramanian

doi:10.26881/oahs-2023.2.04

Figures & Tables

Map showing the different study sites of Ladakh, Western Himalayas, India

1-3. Stephanocyclus meneghinianus; 4-6. Lindavia biswashanti; 7-9. Diatoma vulgaris; 10-12. D. moniliformis; 13, 14. Fragilaria rinoi; 15-19. F. vaucheriae; 20-22. Hannaea arcus; 23-25. H. baicalensis; 26-27. Odontidium mesodon; 28-32. Pseudostaurosira cf. brevistriata; 33-35. P. subconstricta; 36-38. Staurosira cf. tabellaria; 39-40. Ulnaria ulna; 41-42. Anomoeoneis sphaerophora; 43-45. Stauroneis seperanda; 46-48. Brachysira cf. procera; 49-51. Caloneis falcifera. Scale bar = 10μm

52-55. Craticula simplex; 56-60. Craticula sp.; 61-62. Fallacia pygmaea; 63-65. Frustulia vulgaris; 66-68. Navicula radiosa; 69-70. N. tripunctata; 71-73. N. cf. krammerae; 74-78. N. cf. libonensis; 79-83. N. cincta; 84-86. N. gregaria; 87-89. N. caterva. Scale bar =10 μm

90-92. Navicula reinhardtii; 93-94. Pinnularia sp.1; 95-97. Pinnularia globiceps; 98-101. P. brebissonii; 102-103. Neidium sp.1; 104-105. Neidium bisulcatum var. subampliatum; 106-108. Sellaphora cf. auldreekie; 109-111. Sellaphora sp.1; 112-116. Achnanthidium pyrenaicum; 117-120. A. saprophilum; 121-123. Gogorevia exilis; 124-128. Cocconeis lineata; 129-131. Aneumastus minor. Scale bar = 10μm

132-135. Psammothidium bioretii; 136-139. Gomphonema minutum; 140-144. G. parvulum; 145-146. Gomphonella cf. qii; 147-151. Gomphosinica hedinii; 152-154. Gomphonella cf. olivacea; 155-157. Reimeria sinuata; 158-159. Amphora ovalis; 160-161. A. copulata; 162-164. Cymbella nepalensis; 165-166. C. lange-bertalotii; 167-170. C. alpestris; 171-173. Encyonema silesiacum. Scale bar = 10μm

174-178. Encyonema ventricosum; 179-181. Encyonopsis cesatii; 182-183. E. microcephala; 184-186. Epithemia turgida; 187-189. E. proboscidea; 190-192. E. sorex; 193-194. Rhopalodia gibberula; 195-198. Denticula valida; 199-202. Denticula thermaloides. Scale bar = 10μm

203-205. Nitzschia commutata; 206-208. Nitzschia palea; 209-212. N. denticula; 213-216. N. pusilla; 217-221. N. hantzschiana; 222-224. N. puriformis; 225-227. N. paleaeformis; 228-230.Tryblionella hungarica; 231-233. Cymatopleura apiculata; 234-236. Surirella angusta; 237-239. Surirella brebissonii. Scale bar = 10μm

The sample collection details of different localities of the study area (– indicates that no information is available)

S.No.	Acc. No. AHMA	Location	Habitat/Microhabitat	Latitude (°N)	Longitude (°E)	Elevation (a.m.s.l.)	Temp. (°C)	Collector’s Name
1	1343	Puga, Ladakh	-	33.227699	78.303133	4422	–	Dr. Raymond Duraiswami
2	1344	Puga, Ladakh	-	33.227731	78.303027	4421	–
3	1345	Chumathang hot Spring, Ladakh	Stream, Epiphytic	33.602777	78.323055	4022	80
4	1346			33.360277	78.323055	4022	53
5	1347			33.360555	78.324444	4028	42
6	1348			33.360555	78.324444	4028	32
7	1349		Pool, Epiphytic	33.360277	78.324722	4024	50
8	1350			33.360555	78.324722	4030	50
9	1351			33.360277	78.323055	4024	53
10	1352		Stream, Epiphytic	33.360277	78.323055	4021	52
11	1353		Stream, Epiphytic	33.361001	78.323055	4017	30
12	1354		Small man made gutter, Epilithic	33.36055	78.323333	4024	80
13	2097	Nacho Resort, Hunder, Nubra Valley, Leh	Stream, Epibryophytic	34.58945	77.462821	3150	–	Dr. Aravind Madhyastha
14	2098	Nacho Resort, Hunder, Nubra Valley, Leh	Stream, Epilithic	34.58945	77.462821	3150	–
15	2643	Guphunks, Spituk, Leh	Pond, Epiphytic	34.1352	77.50394	3196	–
16	2644	Indus river, Leh	River, Epilithic	34.1021	77.58858	3229	–
17	2645		Stream, Epilithic	34.10215	77.58858	3229	–
18	2646		Stream, Epilithic	34.10215	77.58858	3229	–
19	2647	Tiri Village, Leh	Stream, Epiphytic	34.5895	77.4628	3229	–
20	2648	Tiri Village, Leh	River, Epiphytic	33.61345	78.08371	3705	–
21	2649	Chumathang, Leh	River, Epilithic	33.36108	78.32324	4031	–
22	2650	Tso Moriri Lake, Ladakh	Stream, Epilithic	33.19381	78.35872	4543	–
23	2651		Lake, Epilithic	32.96487	78.26185	4552	–
24	2652		Lake, Epiphytic	32.99837	78.25989	4541	–
25	2653	Puga, Ladakh	Stream, Epiphytic	33.22669	78.31535	4420	–
26	2654	Puga, Ladakh	Stream, Epiphytic	33.22669	78.31535	4420	–
27	2655	Tso kar lake, Leh	Lake, Epiphytic	33.32573	77.7433	4126	–
28	2656	Gya village, (near ice stupa cafe)	Stream, Epilithic	33.64404	77.7633	4126	–
29	2657	Hunder, Nubra valley	River, Epiphytic	34.5738	77.50023	3100	–
30	3320	Shey-chuchot road. Indus river		34.05812	77.640838	3240	–
31	3321			34.05812	77.640838	3240	–
32	3322		River, Sediment+Episamic	34.05812	77.640838	3240	–
33	3323		River, Sediment+Episamic	34.05812	77.640838	3240	–
34	3324	Mathoo raod, near Husainiya Chuchot Gongma	River, Epilithic	33.99742	77.63501	3484	–
35	3325	Stakna Bridge, Indus river	River, Epiphytic	34.007556	77.688138	3273	–
36	3326	Stakna Bridge, Indus river	River, Epilithic	34.007556	77.688138	3273	–
37	3327	Mughalpura, Srinagar-Leh Highway	Stream, Epiphytic	34.330304	75.572423	3271	–

List of taxa present in each of the diatom samples collected from Ladakh

S.no	Taxa name	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37
1	Stephanocyclus meneghinianus								+
2	Lindavia biswashanti																								+
3	Diatoma vulgaris																	+	+											+			+	+
4	Diatoma moniliformis						+											+	+	+														+			+
5	Fragilaria rinoi													+																							+
6	Fragilaria vaucheriae													+	+							+	+	+
7	Hannaea arcus													+	+									+
8	Hannaea baicalensis														+
9	Odontidium mesodon														+				+															+
10	Pseudostaurosira cf. brevistriata																											+
11	Pseudostaurosira subconstricta																			+
12	Staurosira cf. tabellaria														+															+
13	Ulnaria ulna																+
14	Anomoeoneis sphaerophora																+
15	Stauroneis seperanda																			+
16	Brachysira cf. procera																								+
17	Caloneis falcifera					+	+
18	Craticula simplex	+											+													+	+					+		+
19	Craticula sp.																										+					+
20	Fallacia pygmaea																			+
21	Frustulia vulgaris																			+
22	Navicula radiosa																+								+					+
23	Navicula tripunctata																		+													+		+		+	+	+
24	Navicula cf. krammerae																	+	+
25	Navicula cf. libonensis															+	+																+
26	Navicula cincta	+														+										+	+
27	Navicula gregaria																										+								+
28	Navicula caterva																	+													+		+				+	+
29	Navicula reinhardtii					+
30	Pinnularia sp.1
31	Pinnularia globiceps																					+
32	Pinnularia brebissonii															+						+				+	+
33	Neidium sp.1					+
34	Neidium bisulcatum var. subampliatum					+
35	Sellaphora cf. auldreekie				+																																+
36	Sellaphora sp.1								+																								+	+	+		+
37	Achnanthidium pyrenaicum						+							+	+				+				+								+	+					+	+
38	Achnanthidium saprophilum						+		+	+					+									+											+
39	Gogorevia exilis				+		+				+
40	Cocconeis lineata										+						+			+	+										+	+	+	+			+
41	Aneumastus minor																													+
42	Psammothidium bioretii																						+				+
43	Gomphonema minutum																								+						+					+
44	Gomphonema parvulum					+	+	+		+	+								+		+						+
45	Gomphonella cf. qii																													+
46	Gomphosinica hedinii																	+	+			+					+		+
47	Gomphonella cf. olivacea						+	+		+								+					+	+											+			+
48	Reimeria sinuata													+	+				+					+			+
49	Amphora ovalis																		+
50	Amphora copulata																					+
51	Cymbella nepalensis				+	+													+	+									+				+
52	Cymbella lange-bertalotii							+																										+
53	Cymbella alpestris																											+		+		+	+		+		+
54	Encyonema silesiacum																												+						+		+
55	Encyonema ventricosum																		+	+			+	+								+
56	Encyonopsis cesatii																													+				+	+			+
57	Encyonopsis microcephala																								+						+	+	+		+		+
58	Epithemia turgida																+															+
59	Epithemia proboscidea																+
60	Epithemia sorex																+																			+
61	Rhopalodia gibberula																											+
62	Denticula valida				+	+	+	+	+	+
63	Denticula thermaloides	+	+	+	+	+				+		+
64	Nitzschia commutata										+																							+
65	Nitzschia palea								+							+	+		+	+																+
66	Nitzschia denticula						+			+															+								+	+
67	Nitzschia pusilla															+
68	Nitzschia hantzschiana											+																			+		+
69	Nitzschia puriformis																						+													+
70	Nitzschia paleaeformis															+	+		+												+		+	+		+
71	Tryblionella hungarica				+				+											+		+											+	+
72	Cymatopleura apiculata								+
73	Surirella angusta																+			+																+
74	Surirella brebissonii							+

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of the world’s highest aquatic environments from the Western Himalayas, India

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

The sample collection details of different localities of the study area (– indicates that no information is available)

List of taxa present in each of the diatom samples collected from Ladakh

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