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Effects of the tide on the temporal and spatial physicochemical structure of the Kienké river estuary (South Atlantic Coast of Cameroon, Kribi) and its phytoplankton Cover

Effects of the tide on the temporal and spatial physicochemical structure of the Kienké river estuary (South Atlantic Coast of Cameroon, Kribi) and its phytoplankton

Open Access
|Mar 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Study area in the Kienké river basin (a) and the sampling points in the estuary (b)
Study area in the Kienké river basin (a) and the sampling points in the estuary (b)

Figure 2

Level of temporal variation of : (a) water temperature, (b) water Electrical conductivity, (c) water pH in the Kienké estuary
Level of temporal variation of : (a) water temperature, (b) water Electrical conductivity, (c) water pH in the Kienké estuary

Figure 3

Level of temporal variation of: (a) water salinity, (b) water dissolved oxygen, (c) Suspended Particulate Matter in the Kienké estuary
Level of temporal variation of: (a) water salinity, (b) water dissolved oxygen, (c) Suspended Particulate Matter in the Kienké estuary

Figure 4

Level of temporal variation of: (a) nitrates, (b) ammonium, (c) phosphate in the Kienké estuary water
Level of temporal variation of: (a) nitrates, (b) ammonium, (c) phosphate in the Kienké estuary water

Figure 5

Biological spectrum defined according to phytoplankton classes
Biological spectrum defined according to phytoplankton classes

Figure 6

Variation of the biological spectrum of phytoplankton according to the tides (A: Low Tide; B: High Tide)
Variation of the biological spectrum of phytoplankton according to the tides (A: Low Tide; B: High Tide)

Figure 7

Spatial and tidal variation of the total specific richness in the Kienké estuary (low tide = LT; high tide = HT)
Spatial and tidal variation of the total specific richness in the Kienké estuary (low tide = LT; high tide = HT)

Figure 8

Specific richness by phytoplankton classes and sampling points (low tide = LT; high tide = HT)
Specific richness by phytoplankton classes and sampling points (low tide = LT; high tide = HT)

Figure 9

Correlation circle (A) and distribution of points with respect to their abiotic characteristics (B) in the F1 × F2 factorial plane of the PCA in the estuary during low tide
Correlation circle (A) and distribution of points with respect to their abiotic characteristics (B) in the F1 × F2 factorial plane of the PCA in the estuary during low tide

Figure 10

Correlation circle (A) and distribution of points with respect to their abiotic characteristics (B) in the F1 × F2 factorial plane of the PCA in the estuary during high tide
Correlation circle (A) and distribution of points with respect to their abiotic characteristics (B) in the F1 × F2 factorial plane of the PCA in the estuary during high tide

Figure 11

Graphical representation of inventoried taxa and sampling points (A) and asymmetric graph of the distribution of taxa in a sampling point space (B) in the F1 × F2 factorial plane of the CFA during low tide
Graphical representation of inventoried taxa and sampling points (A) and asymmetric graph of the distribution of taxa in a sampling point space (B) in the F1 × F2 factorial plane of the CFA during low tide

Figure 12

Graphical representation of inventoried taxa and sampling points (A) and asymmetric graph of the distribution of taxa in a sampling point space (B) in the F1 × F2 factorial plane of the CFA during high tide on the Kienké
Graphical representation of inventoried taxa and sampling points (A) and asymmetric graph of the distribution of taxa in a sampling point space (B) in the F1 × F2 factorial plane of the CFA during high tide on the Kienké

Global taxonomic richness of phytoplankton in the Kienké estuary

DivisionClassOrdersFamilyGenusSpecies% of taxa
Chrysophyta41017306036.36
Chlorophyta41213234728.48
Cyanophyta147152917.57
Pyrrophyta2479169.70
Euglénophyta1126137.87
Total12314683165100

Correlation matrix of physicochemical parameters during low tide

VariablesTemp.ECSal.pHDOSPMNH4+NO2-NO2-PO43−
°CmS cm−1PSU mg l−1
Temp.°C1
ECmS cm−10.2481
Sal.PSU0.2140.9991
pH −0.134−0.988−0.9951
DOmg l−1−0.106−0.933−0.9230.9041
SPM−0.525−0.736−0.6990.6290.8351
NH4+0.3060.8130.831−0.848−0.553−0.3061
NO2-−0.069−0.984−0.9890.9940.9390.655−0.7851
NO3-−0.899−0.597−0.5610.4810.5260.832−0.4520.4461
PO43−−0.4600.5720.571−0.583−0.794−0.5110.092−0.6710.0311

Correlation matrix of physicochemical parameters during high tide

VariablesTemp.ECSal.pHDOSPMNH4+NO2-NO2-PO43−
°CmS cm−1PSU mg l−1
Temp.°C1
ECmS cm−1−0.3541
Sal.PSU−0.4030.9971
pH 0.0640.9070.8781
DOmg l−10.230−0.846−0.815−0.8461
SPM−0.078−0.904−0.881−0.9900.7721
NH4+0.663−0.687−0.736−0.3860.2470.4561
NO2-0.790−0.699−0.708−0.4340.7690.3650.5021
NO3-0.398−0.724−0.762−0.5320.2460.6210.9500.3121
PO43−−0.9030.4170.4790.008−0.073−0.053−0.888−0.585−0.7051

Level of variation of physicochemical parameters in the Kienké estuary in Cameroon during the study period

VariablesUnitsAvg. ± SDMed.Min.MaxN
Temp.°C27.39 ± 2.3327.7522.63164
ECmS cm−116.56 ± 12.0514.780.2249.764
SPSU11.51 ± 8.478.75029.3264
pH 7.75 ± 0.827.9768.8664
DOmg l−145.8 ± 31.4864.054.786.364
SPM9.02 ± 8.148.7503864
NH4+0.96 ± 0.560.902.764
NO2-0.13 ± 0.250.0101.564
NO3-0.81 ± 0.770.60464
PO43−0.56 ± 0.810.203.5964
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2023.1.02 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X
Language: English
Page range: 20 - 40
Submitted on: Sep 11, 2022
Accepted on: Nov 29, 2022
Published on: Mar 18, 2023
Published by: University of Gdańsk
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2023 Anselme Crépin Mama, Gisele Flodore Youbouni Ghepdeu, Olivia Fossi Tankoua, Manfred Desire Bonga, Willy Karol Abouga Bodo, Thérésa Irma Mandeng, François Désiré Owona Edoa, Noel Chuye Tangko, Jules Rémi Ngoupayou Ndam, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.