Summer distribution and community structure of surface water mesozooplankton from the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Isinibilir, Melek; Aker, Vedat; Türkeri, Ezgi E.

doi:10.26881/oahs-2022.4.01

Figures & Tables

Mesozooplankton stations sampled in the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Fluctuations in zooplankton abundance (ind m−3), biomass (mg m−3), number of species and dominance (D)

Fluctuations in dominant zooplankton groups in the sampling area

Dendogram for the hierarchical clustering of the 70 stations using group-average linking of Bray–Curtis similarities calculated on log-transformed abundance data. NA: northern Aegean Sea; SA: southern Aegean Sea; LSC: coastal waters of the Levantine Sea; LSO: open waters of the Levantine Sea

MDS ordination plot of 70 stations in the study area. NA: northern Aegean Sea; SA: southern Aegean Sea; LSC: coastal waters of the Levantine Sea; LSO: open waters of the Levantine Sea

Zooplankton species characterising the station groups, identified by clustering, determined by similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER), based on log-transformed abundance data and the Bray–Curtis similarity measure

Groups and average dissimilarity	Species	Average dissimilarity	Dissimilarity to standard deviation ratio	Percent contribution	Cumulative percent contribution
SA vs NA54.84	Acartia (Acartiura) clausi	2.23	1.57	4.07	4.07
	Centropages typicus	2.07	1.88	3.78	7.85
	Penilia avirostris	1.99	1.22	3.63	11.48
	Temora stylifera	1.92	1.71	3.5	14.98
	Doliolida	1.78	1.42	3.25	18.23
	Centropages kroyeri	1.71	0.82	3.11	21.35
	Oithona similis	1.58	1.27	2.88	24.22
	Pseudevadne tergestina	1.54	1.29	2.8	27.02
	Clausocalanus furcatus	1.5	1.27	2.74	29.76
	Calocalanus styliremis	1.45	1.33	2.64	32.41
	Pteropoda	1.27	1.07	2.32	34.73
SA vs LSC58.01	Penilia avirostris	3.37	1.69	5.81	5.81
	Centropages kroyeri	2.13	0.88	3.67	9.48
	Temora stylifera	2.1	1.53	3.62	13.1
	Paracalanus parvus	2.1	1.33	3.62	16.72
	Appendicularia	1.96	1.51	3.37	20.09
	Clausocalanus furcatus	1.91	1.31	3.29	23.38
	Pseudevadne tergestina	1.89	1.14	3.25	26.63
	Doliolida	1.88	1.12	3.24	29.87
	Calocalanus pavoninus	1.82	1.59	3.13	33
	Pteropoda	1.53	1.09	2.63	35.63
SA vs LSO67.05	Paracalanus parvus	4.13	3.5	6.15	6.15
	Penilia avirostris	4.09	1.89	6.1	12.25
	Pseudevadne tergestina	3	1.64	4.48	16.73
	Evadne spinifera	2.56	1.9	3.82	20.55
	Appendicularia	2.29	1.67	3.41	23.96
	Temora stylifera	2.27	2.1	3.39	27.35
	Centropages kroyeri	2.06	0.77	3.06	30.41
	Doliolida	1.89	1.11	2.83	33.24
LSC vs NA64.20	Penilia avirostris	3.66	1.89	5.7	5.7
	Clausocalanus furcatus	3.13	2.42	4.87	10.57
	Acartia (Acartiura) clausi	3.06	1.88	4.77	15.34
	Centropages typicus	2.85	2.35	4.44	19.78
	Doliolida	2.75	1.97	4.29	24.07
	Calocalanus pavoninus	2.24	2.14	3.48	27.55
	Calocalanus styliremis	1.84	1.41	2.87	30.42
	Oithona similis	1.83	1.34	2.85	33.27
LSC vs LSO 56.67	Paracalanus parvus	3.23	1.73	5.69	5.69
	Evadne spinifera	2.42	1.74	4.27	9.96
	Farranula rostrata	2.39	1.7	4.21	14.17
	Pseudevadne tergestina	2.18	1.6	3.85	18.02
	Calocalanus styliremis	1.82	1.75	3.21	21.24
	Paracalanus nanus	1.68	1.8	2.96	24.2
	Gastropoda	1.64	1.32	2.89	27.08
	Appendicularia	1.6	1.3	2.82	29.91
NA vs LSO72.61	Penilia avirostris	4.67	2.77	6.43	6.43
	Paracalanus parvus	3.43	4.13	4.72	11.15
	Clausocalanus furcatus	3.42	6.92	4.71	15.86
	Acartia (Acartiura) clausi	3.23	2	4.45	20.3
	Centropages typicus	2.9	2.41	3.99	24.3
	Doliolida	2.85	2.09	3.92	28.22
	Pseudevadne tergestina	2.72	1.9	3.75	31.97
	Calocalanus pavoninus	2.38	3.33	3.27	35.24

Mean values and standard deviations of environmental parameters in each sub-region of the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Sea	Region	Water temperature (°C)	Water Salinity (PSU)	Total Chlorophyll-a (μg.l⁻¹)
Aegean Sea	Northern Aegean Sea (NA)	17.09 ± 1.37	37.38 ± 1.28	0.23 ± 0.16^a
Aegean Sea	Southern Aegean Sea (SA)	24.50 ± 1.88	39.09 ± 0.18	0.89 ± 0.76^b
Levantine Sea	Coastal Waters of the Levantine Sea (LSC)	27.21 ± 1.61	39.36 ± 0.14	0.87 ± 0.69^b
Levantine Sea	Open Waters of the Levantine Sea (LSO)	22.26 ± 0.76	39.15 ± 0.08	0.56 ± 0.40^b

Stations data from the R/V YUNUS-S cruise in the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Station Number	Station Name	Region	Date	Latitude (N)	Longitude (E)	Total Depth (m)
1	NA12	NA	09.07.2006	39°48.534	26°05.552	21
2	NA14	NA	09.07.2006	39°57.309	26°04.095	18
3	NA15	NA	14.07.2006	40°20.166	26°11.921	210
4	NA16	NA	13.07.2006	40°28.113	26°25.471	500
5	NA17	NA	13.07.2006	40°32.624	26°40.386	100
6	NA18	NA	13.07.2006	40°35.344	26°46.041	66
7	NA19	NA	13.07.2006	40°35.259	26°28.501	47
8	NA21	NA	14.07.2006	40°15.223	25°54.840	69
9	NA22	NA	10.07.2006	40°09.890	25°39.306	80
10	NA23	NA	09.07.2006	40°05.774	25°51.762	33
11	NA24	NA	14.07.2006	40°10.954	26°01.935	37
12	SA2	SA	13.08.2006	38°08.154	26°33.985	29
13	SA3	SA	13.08.2006	38°08.244	26°36.985	48
14	SA4	SA	13.08.2006	37°45.866	27°03.787	175
15	SA7	SA	14.08.2006	37°20.167	27°19.735	35
16	SA8	SA	14.08.2006	37°23.148	27°25.281	10
17	SA10	SA	14.08.2006	37°16.121	27°22.479	57
18	SA11	SA	14.08.2006	37°09.935	27°30.949	40
19	SA12	SA	14.08.2006	37°09.456	27°30.705	30
20	SA19	SA	16.08.2006	36°59.901	27°43.143	42
21	SA22	SA	16.08.2006	36°57.650	28°12.234	28
22	SA25	SA	17.08.2006	36°37.123	28°01.498	30
23	SA26	SA	17.08.2006	36°33.041	28°12.594	35
24	SA90	SA	30.08.2006	37°15.916	27°36.263	9
25	SA91	SA	30.08.2006	37°16.197	27°34.244	12
26	SA92	SA	30.08.2006	37°15.045	27°33.695	16
27	SA93	SA	30.08.2006	37°15.968	27°29.061	20
28	SA94	SA	30.08.2006	37°14.461	27°22.980	57
29	SA101	SA	03.09.2006	37°09.697	27°22.617	30
30	SA102	SA	03.09.2006	37°19.104	27°13.245	49
31	LSC30	LSC	17.08.2006	36°31.608	29°07.381	28
32	LSC31	LSC	18.08.2006	36°15.583	29°24.560	40
33	LSC32	LSC	18.08.2006	36°01.141	29°30.148	1600
34	LSC33	LSC	18.08.2006	36°07.500	29°57.000	1009
35	LSC37	LSC	19.08.2006	36°13.200	32°18.537	38
36	LSC38	LSC	17.08.2006	36°03.573	32°52.445	15
37	LSC44a	LSC	20.08.2006	36°11722	33°45643	14
38	LSC59	LSC	22.08.2006	36°31.350	36°01.456	10
39	LSC61	LSC	22.08.2006	35°57.679	35°55.627	70
40	LSC65	LSC	23.08.2006	36°31.350	35°25.333	64
41	LSC67	LSC	24.08.2006	36°46.399	34°38.348	13
42	LSC68	LSC	24.08.2006	36°15.175	33°48.802	24
43	LSC69	LSC	24.08.2006	36°18.135	33°51.746	22
44	LSC79	LSC	26.08.2006	36°37.041	30°36.041	64
45	LSC81	LSC	26.08.2006	36°27.440	30°33.091	65
46	LSC11	LSC	16.07.2008	33°58.390	35°26.400	1430
47	LSC12	LSC	16.07.2008	33°49.593	35°27.400	500
48	LSC13	LSC	17.07.2008	34°14.900	35°36.188	210
49	LSC14	LSC	17.07.2008	34°01.295	35°35.487	512
50	LSC15	LSC	19.07.2008	34°26.603	35°43.626	264
51	LSC16	LSC	19.07.2008	35°12.823	35°09.197	1500
52	LSC17	LSC	21.07.2008	35°26.729	35°31.128	1397
53	LSC18	LSC	22.07.2008	35°35.023	35°19.122	1200
54	LSC19	LSC	22.07.2008	35°39.582	34°54.051	1050
55	LSC20	LSC	22.07.2008	35°42.463	34°35.265	160
56	LSC21	LSC	22.07.2008	35°55.443	34°17.898	840
57	LSC22	LSC	22.07.2008	36°09.117	33°58.340	74
58	LSC23	LSC	23.07.2008	36°03.743	33°19.479	214
59	LSC24	LSC	23.07.2008	35°57.718	32°47.352	65
60	LSC25	LSC	23.07.2008	36°24.649	31°40.371	2000
61	LSC26	LSC	23.07.2008	36°43.412	30°58.711	350
62	LSO2	LSO	12.07.2008	35°40.9854	30°30.1947	1430
63	LSO3	LSO	13.07.2008	35°57.133	30°30.396	1200
64	LSO4	LSO	13.07.2008	35°26.2102	30°1.7999	2500
65	LSO5	LSO	13.07.2008	34°56.215	31°17.754	2500
66	LSO6	LSO	13.07.2008	34°22.300	31°49.50	2500
67	LSO7	LSO	14.07.2008	34°17.513	32°35.914	2500
68	LSO8	LSO	14.07.2008	34°08.555	33°25.751	2500
69	LSO9	LSO	14.07.2008	34°03.068	34°12.465	2500
70	LSO10	LSO	14.07.2008	33°58.571	34°58.046	2500

Species contributing to within-group similarity as defined by SIMPER

Group and Average Similarity	Species	Similarity-to-Standard Deviation Ratio	Per cent Contribution	Cumulative Per cent Contribution
NA, 56.96	Paracalanus parvus	7.59	10.11	10.11
	Penilia avirostris	2.55	10.09	20.20
	Oithona plumifera	3.17	7.64	27.84
	Appendicularia	2.06	6.73	34.57
	Centropages typicus	1.94	6.38	40.95
	Acartia (Acartiura) clausi	1.67	6.33	47.28
	Doliolida	1.64	5.75	53.03
	Pseudevadne tergestina	1.44	5.56	58.58
	Evadne spinifera	3.08	5.55	64.13
	Calocalanus styliremis	1.25	3.9	68.03
SA, 49.84	Paracalanus parvus	4.16	12.97	12.97
	Temora stylifera	6.28	10.39	23.37
	Penilia avirostris	1.39	8.88	32.25
	Oithona plumifera	1.95	7.24	39.49
	Evadne spinifera	1.67	7.19	46.68
	Appendicularia	1.96	7.16	53.84
	Pseudevadne tergestina	1.70	6.89	60.73
	Clausocalanus furcatus	0.81	3.5	64.23
	Farranula rostrata	0.91	3.14	67.38
	Chaetognatha	0.91	2.88	70.25
LSC, 50.03	Oithona plumifera	2.09	12.71	12.71
	Clausocalanus furcatus	1.81	12.30	25.01
	Paracalanus parvus	1.18	9.97	34.98
	Evadne spinifera	1.69	8.81	43.79
	Calocalanus pavoninus	1.75	8.77	52.56
	Pseudevadne tergestina	1.22	5.82	58.38
	Temora stylifera	1.06	4.88	63.27
	Appendicularia	0.91	4.29	67.55
LSO, 65.80	Clausocalanus furcatus	11.01	12.52	12.52
	Farranula rostrata	9.95	9.72	22.24
	Oithona plumifera	7.08	9.43	31.67
	Calocalanus pavoninus	4.70	8.69	40.36
	Calocalanus styliremis	7.16	6.88	47.24
	Oithona similis	3.70	5.48	52.71
	Chaetognatha	1.63	4.30	57.01
	Siphonophora	1.24	3.86	60.87
	Temora stylifera	1.2	3.86	64.73
	Paracalanus denudatus	1.85	3.84	68.57

Species first recorded in the present study_

Species	Aegean Sea	Levantine Sea	Stations
Calocalanus elegans Shmeleva, 1965	^*, A	TL, L	NA12, NA24
Candacia giesbrechti Grice & Lawson, 1977	^*, M, A	-	NA15
Centropages bradyi Wheeler, 1901	+, ^*	TL, L	SA26
Clausocalanus jobei Frost & Fleminger, 1968	^*, M, A	TL, L	NA12, NA15, NA16, NA17, NA18, NA19, NA21, NA24, SA10, SA101, SA102, SA11, SA12, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA7, SA22, SA26, SA94
Clausocalanus mastigophorus (Claus, 1863)	^*, M, A	TL, L	SA102, SA25, SA26
Clausocalanus parapergens Frost & Fleminger, 1968	^*, M, A	TL, L	NA19, SA4
Clausocalanus pergens Farran, 1926	^*, M, A	TL, L	NA15, NA16, NA17, NA18, NA19, NA21
Corycaeus (Onychocorycaeus) latus Dana, 1849	TA, A	^#, L	LSC11, LSC12, LSC16, LSC17, LSC19, LSC20, LSC21, LSC22, LSC24, LSC25, LSC26, LSO2, LSO3, LSO4, LSO5, LSO6, LSO7, LSO8, LSO9,
Corycaeus (Onychocorycaeus) ovalis Claus, 1863	^*, A	^#, L	NA16, NA22, SA4, SA25, SA102, LSC33, LSC79, LSO9
Goniopsyllus clausi Huys & Conroy-Dalton, 2000	+, ^*	^#, μ	NA14, NA15, NA17, NA21, NA22, NA24, SA10, LSC11, LSC22, LSC30, LSC79, LSC81, LSO6
Oithona tenuis Rosendorn, 1917	^*, M, A	TL, L	SA19, SA25, SA26
Oithona vivida Farran, 1913	^*, A	TL, L	NA12, NA21, SA101
Oncaea curta Sars, 1916	^*, M, A	TL, L	NA12, NA14, NA15, NA16, NA17, NA18, NA21, NA22, NA23, NA24, SA3, SA4, SA7, SA10, SA11, SA12, SA22, SA26, SA92, SA93, SA94, SA101, SA102
Oncaea scottodicarloi Heron & Bradford-Grieve, 1995	+, ^*	^#, L	LSC12, LSC14, LSC16, LSC17, LSC18, LSC19, LSC20, LSC22, LSC31, LSC33, LSC65, LSC79, LSC81, LSO2, LSO3, LSO4, LSO5, LSO6, LSO7, LSO8, LSO10 NA12, NA15, NA17, NA18, NA19, NA21, NA23, NA24, SA10, SA101, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA11, SA19
Pareucalanus sewelli (Fleminger, 1973)	^*, A	TL, L	NA19, NA22, NA24, SA2, SA3, SA25, SA94
Sapphirina auronitens Claus, 1863	TA, A	^#, L	LSC12, LSC18, LSC79, LSO7, LSO10
Sapphirina bicuspidata Giesbrecht, 1891	-	^#, L	LSC11, LSC13, LSC61, LSC65, LSC81
Scaphocalanus curtus (Farran, 1926)	^*, A	^#, L	NA18, LSC79, LSO6, LSO7
Scolecithricella dentata (Giesbrecht, 1892)	TA, A	^#, L	LSC79, LSO6

Mean relative abundance (%), total abundance (ind m−3) and biomass (mg m−3) of dominant taxa within the total zooplankton in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (‘−’: not found)_ Only taxa with a general contribution of >0_5% to the total zooplankton abundance are reported here_

	Eastern Mediterranean Sea
	Aegean Sea		Levantine Sea
	Northern Aegean Sea (NA)	Southern Aegean Sea (SA)	Coastal Waters of the Levantine Sea (LSC)	Open Waters of the Levantine Sea (LSO)
Copepods	28.7	44.3	77.0	86.8
Acartia clausi	7.82	0.43	0.10	-
Acartia negligens	-	0.08	0.81	3.43
Calocalanus pavo	0.01	0.18	0.68	1.25
Calocalanus pavoninus	0.01	0.19	6.16	9.08
Calocalanus styliremis	1.67	0.11	0.30	3.76
Calonopia elliptica	-	-	4.35	-
Centropages kroyeri	0.41	13.70	2.06	0.01
Centropages typicus	2.55	0.09	0.00	0.00
Clausocalanus furcatus	0.00	0.55	20.92	28.80
Farranula rostrata	0.43	0.44	0.71	12.03
Lucicutia flavicornis	0.01	0.00	0.08	1.56
Mecynocera clausi	0.22	0.10	0.35	0.51
Paracalanus denudatus	0.04	0.11	0.10	1.83
Paracalanus nanus	0.04	0.09	0.10	2.64
Paracalanus parvus	6.60	19.03	16.08	0.59
Temora stylifera	0.53	5.38	2.88	2.51
Parvocalanus elegans	-	-	0.60	-
Oithona nana	0.34	0.50	1.29	0.21
Oithona plumifera	2.93	1.45	15.23	9.37
Oithona similis	1.51	0.05	0.53	2.31
Oithona tenuis	-	0.03	0.68	0.41
Oncaea mediterranea	0.21	0.03	0.03	1.37
Oncaea media	0.17	0.33	0.53	0.02
Oncaea scottodicarloi	0.20	0.03	0.10	2.64
Cladocera	63.6	43.4	12.4	0.9
Penilia avirostris	58.65	33.07	4.60	-
Pseudevadne tergestina	3.10	6.95	3.05	0.11
Evadne spinifera	1.53	2.67	4.77	0.69
Appendicularians	2.1	3.6	2.8	1.4
Doliolida	3.2	5.8	2.6	0.0
Chaetognaths	0.7	0.5	1.2	2.6
Meroplankton	1.5	2.9	5.4	3.2
Total abundance (ind m⁻³)	3231	4562	628	307
Total biomass (mg m⁻³)	300	748	316	231

Summer distribution and community structure of surface water mesozooplankton from the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Zooplankton species characterising the station groups, identified by clustering, determined by similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER), based on log-transformed abundance data and the Bray–Curtis similarity measure

Mean values and standard deviations of environmental parameters in each sub-region of the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Stations data from the R/V YUNUS-S cruise in the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Species contributing to within-group similarity as defined by SIMPER

Species first recorded in the present study_

Mean relative abundance (%), total abundance (ind m−3) and biomass (mg m−3) of dominant taxa within the total zooplankton in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (‘−’: not found)_ Only taxa with a general contribution of >0_5% to the total zooplankton abundance are reported here_

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