Heavy metal accumulation in a bioindicator species, Limpet Patella caerulea, in Yalova (İzmit Bay): Risk assessment for human health

Çulha, Saniye Türk; Dalkıran, Görkem; Horzum, Nesrin

doi:10.26881/oahs-2022.3.02

Figures & Tables

The physicochemical variables at the sampling stations from the Samanlıdere Fisher Shelter, Yalova

Months	Temperature (°C)	DO (mg l⁻¹)	pH	Salinity (PSU)
April	15	11.21	8.31	22
May	21.1	11.22	8.33	22
June	23.8	9.85	8.33	22
July	23.1	8.69	8.27	24
August	24.8	8.97	8.34	23
September	22.5	9.32	8.42	24
October	19.2	8.42	8.41	26
November	18.7	8.32	8.33	27

Heavy metal concentrations in Patella caerulea samples (mg kg−1 dw; mean ± SE)

Months	Cd	Cu	Pb	Ni	Zn	Fe
April	2.60 ± 0.008^a	9.36 ± 0.09^ae	1.02 ± 0.016^a	102.0 ± 0.37^a	58.25 ± 0.59^a	1611.00 ± 19.86^a
May	2.31 ± 0.026^b	9.03 ± 0.04^b	0.86 ± 0.016^bce	74.75 ± 0.32^bf	60.76 ± 0.43^b	1415.00 ± 3.61^bd
June	3.27 ± 0.028^c	11.44 ± 0.42^cd	0.83 ± 0.005^c	83.65 ± 0.20^cd	66.22 ± 0.84^cd	1337.33 ± 9.53^c
July	2.55 ± 0.009^d	10.87 ± 0.49^d	0.74 ± 0.009^d	82.81 ± 0.66^d	67.33 ± 0.29^d	1436.33 ± 22.73^d
August	2.20 ± 0.008^eh	9.22 ± 0.01^e	0.88 ± 0.013^ef	47.59 ± 0.29^ef	80.86 ± 0.56^e	1365.33 ± 4.18^e
September	2.01 ± 0.005^f	6.33 ± 0.05^f	0.93 ± 0.019^f	46.63 ± 0.29^f	64.35 ± 0.26^f	1120.67 ± 4.26^fh
October	5.74 ± 0.044^g	12.90 ± 0.13^g	1.95 ± 0.021^g	154.67 ± 0.24^g	109.57 ± 1.07^g	3086.00 ± 46.13^g
November	2.21 ± 0.006^h	2.45 ± 0.02^h	1.59 ± 0.035^h	16.31 ± 0.02^h	21.12 ± 0.09^h	1134.00 ± 14.00^h

Heavy metal levels in P_ caerulea and Patella spp_ reported in previous studies (mg kg−1 dw; Nd – not detectable)

Site	Cd	Cu	Pb	Ni	Zn	Fe	Reference
Aegean Sea	0.004 – 0.065	Nd - 0.249	0.010 – 0.191	0.021 – 0.339	0.26 – 1.66	1.85 – 76.0	Aydın - Önen & Öztürk (2017)
Mediterranean Sea	3.9 – 80.0	1.6 – 25.0	4.9 – 26.1	2.0 – 54.2	22.7 – 756.8	121.3 – 1274	Duysak & Azdural (2017)
Black Sea	0.02 – 0.04	0.61 – 0.85	0.05 – 0.19	- -	12 – 23	21 – 38	Bat et al. (2015)
Mediterranean Sea	0.24 – 0.68	1.09 – 5.58	0.05 – 0.70	0.39 – 1.60	3.70 – 13.71	36.56 – 212.9	Yüzereroğlu et al. (2010)
Mediterranean Sea	0.11 – 2.04	- -	0.00 – 3.74	- -	- -	- -	Ayas et al. (2009)
Mediterranean Sea	2.39 – 4.97	1.58 – 4.02	4.28 – 14.53	3.60 - 12.21	23.13 – 46.59	15.34 – 41.20	Türkmen et al. (2005)
Mediterranean Sea	2.5 – 30.3	1.4 – 13.7	0.3 – 3.2	2.5 – 14.6	44.8 – 96	891 – 1512	Ramelov (1985)
Favignana Island (Italy)	3.30 – 6.30	1.21 – 2.35	0.14 – 1.52	- -	3.5 – 14.6	- -	Campanella et al. (2001)
Saronic Gulf (Greece)	- -	5.0 – 77.4	- -	6.0 – 31.6	43 – 367	96 – 3045	Kontopoulos et al. (2003)
Nord Coasts of Tunisia	0.43 – 1.50	5.59 – 9.29	2.73 – 3.61	3 – 4.14	- -	1.86 – 2.59	Belkhodja et al. (2010)
Tunisian Coastal	0.78 – 1.63	5.59 – 9.29	3.51 – 3.61	3 – 3.43	- -	1.86 – 2.59	Belkhodja & Romdhane (2013)
Larymna Bay (Greece)		7.2 – 95.8	- -	- -	38.1 – 126	843 – 1623	Bordbar et al. (2015)
Favignana Island (Italy)	1.7 – 11.8	0.47 – 3.79	0.06 – 2.18	- -	2.2 – 19.1	- -	Cubbada et al. (2001)
Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy)	2.89 – 4.06	10.2 – 19.2	0.51 – 1.50	- -	87.4 – 117.1	- -	Conti and Cecchetti (2003)
Red Sea	0.63 – 2.13	1.61 – 12.17	6.23 – 70.91	3.06 – 9.88	56.47 – 191.42	1.24 – 2.94	Hamed & Emara (2006)
North East Greece	- -	6 – 28	8 – 96	9	196 – 948	- -	Kelepertsiz (2013)
Marmara Sea	2.84 ± 0.43 (2.01 – 5.74)	8.95 ± 0.16 (2.45 – 12.90)	1.10 ± 0.15 (0.74 – 1.95)	76.07 ± 14.77 (16.31 – 154.67)	66.06 ± 8.69 (21.12 – 109.57)	1563.21 ± 224.78 (1120.67 – 3086.00)	This study

ADI, PTWI, EDI, EWI, THQ, THQ, and CR estimates for individual heavy metals caused by the consumption of P_ caerulea for inhabitants of Samanlıdere Fisher Shelter, Yalova

Heavy Metals	Max. (mg kg⁻¹)	ADI (mg kg⁻¹)	PTWI (mg kg⁻¹)	EDI (mg kg⁻¹)	EWI (mg kg⁻¹)	THQ	TTHQ	CR (mg kg⁻¹)
Cd	5.74	0.06	0.44	0.002	0.014	1.87	6.21	1.2 10⁻²
Cu	12.90	35	245	0.004	0.025	0.11
Pb	1.95	0.25	1.75	0.001	0.007	0.16		5.4 10⁻⁶
Ni	154.67	0.35	2.45	0.050	0.350	2.52		8.6 10⁻²
Zn	109.57	70	490	0.036	0.252	0.12
Fe	3086	56	392	1.005	7.035	1.44

Heavy metal accumulation in a bioindicator species, Limpet Patella caerulea, in Yalova (İzmit Bay): Risk assessment for human health

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

The physicochemical variables at the sampling stations from the Samanlıdere Fisher Shelter, Yalova

Heavy metal concentrations in Patella caerulea samples (mg kg−1 dw; mean ± SE)

Heavy metal levels in P_ caerulea and Patella spp_ reported in previous studies (mg kg−1 dw; Nd – not detectable)

ADI, PTWI, EDI, EWI, THQ, THQ, and CR estimates for individual heavy metals caused by the consumption of P_ caerulea for inhabitants of Samanlıdere Fisher Shelter, Yalova

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