Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Internal security with a ‘global vision’: an analysis of China’s national security strategy and its manifestations in transnational law enforcement in Europe Cover

Internal security with a ‘global vision’: an analysis of China’s national security strategy and its manifestations in transnational law enforcement in Europe

Socrates. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law.
Volume 2024 (2024): Issue 3-30 (December 2024)
By: Raina Nelson  
Open Access
|Dec 2024

References

  1. Bai, Y. (2016). “Zhongguo jingcha zou chuqu, jiushi gei haiwai zhongguo ren zuida de anquan gan” [Chinese Police Go Aborad to Provide the Greatest Sense of Security to Overseas Chinese]. Xinhua she [Xinhua News Agency]. https://www.gov.cn/xinw-en/2016-05/19/content_5074617.htm. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  2. BBC. (2023). The Tech Flaw that Lets Hackers Control Surveillance Cameras. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-65975446. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  3. Benea, I. (2024). Chinese-Made Surveillance Cameras at Romanian Military Sites Raise Security Concerns. Radio Free Europe. https://www.rferl.org/a/romania-china-cameras-security-concerns/32853039.html. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  4. Bjelos, M. (2023). Social Controls: China-Style Surveillance is Coming to Serbia. Balkan Insights. https://balkaninsight.com/2023/06/22/social-controls-china-style-surveillance-is-coming-to-serbia/. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  5. Brinza, A. (2023). From a China Strategy to No Strategy at All: Exploring the Diversity of European Approaches, Romania. European Think-tank Network on China, p. 133. https://merics.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/ETNC_Report_2023_final.pdf. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  6. Chen, D. (2009). Yangxianghong an qian chu yi pi tanguan wenzhou 4 guanyuan yin shexian shouhui bei daibu [The Yang Xianghong Case Exposed a Group of Corrupt Officials. Four Wenzhou Officials Were Arrested for Suspected Bribery]. Fazhi ribao [Legal Daily]. http://www.jcj.moa.gov.cn/jzcm/200906/t20090622_1828951.htm. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  7. Chestnut, S.C. (2024). China’s use of nontraditional strategic landpower in Asia. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters, 54 (1). 37. https://doi.org/10.55540/0031-1723.3271. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  8. China-Croatia Joint Police Patrol to Improve Security in Croatian Tourist Cities. (2023). Xinhua News. https://english.news.cn/20230718/a8fd6834ee534bf7bd0384f2c534388f/c.html. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  9. China Heeft Illegale Politiebureaus in Netherlands: Aanwijzingen Voor Intimidatie [China Has Illegal Police Stations in the Netherlands: Evidence of Intimidation]. (2022). RTL News. https://www.rtl.nl/nieuws/onderzoek/artikel/5342214/china-illegale-politie-bureaus-nederland-dissidenten-onderzoek. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  10. China: Transnational Repression Origin Country Case Study. (2021). Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/report/transnational-repression/china. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  11. China’s Meng Hongwei Elected President of INTERPOL. (2016). Interpol. https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2016/China-s-Meng-Hongwei-elected-President-of-INTERPOL. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  12. Chinese Police Deployments in EU-Member Hungary. (2024). Sallux, p. 2. https://sallux.eu/240430%20Sallux%20CPD%20 Hungary%20EN.pdf. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  13. Chinese Policemen Relaunch Joint Patrols in Serbia. (2023). Xinhua News. https://english.news.cn/20230928/56c72a8af01f46d19adf056886706a99/c.html. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  14. Costiță, G. (2022). Cum a Ajuns O Comună Din Ilfov Pe Lista Mondială a SecIilor De PoliIe Locală îNfiinAte Clandestin De China. Primar: “O TâMpenie” [How a Commune from Ilfov Got on the World List of Local Police Stations Established Clandestinely by China. Mayor: “Stupid.”]. Radio Free Europe. https://romania.europalibera.org/a/comuna-dobroesti-sectie-politie-china/32163731.html. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  15. Cseke, B. (2024). Hamarosan Kínai Rendőrök Is Járőrözhetnek Magyarországon. Telex. https://telex.hu/belfold/2024/03/06/kinai-rendorok-magyarorszagon-belugyminiszterium. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  16. “Di liu zhang fan fubai guoji hezuo di wushi’er tiao” [Chapter VI International Cooperation in Anti-Corruption Article 52]. (2018). Zhongyang jiwei guojia jian wei wangzhan [Website of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the National Supervisory Commission]. http://xhq.xlglm.nmgjjjc.gov.cn/single/2018/07/04/19012008024675135243-18091419594944641536.html?t=1665367432096. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  17. Eder, T., Lang, B., Rudolf, M. (2017). China’s Global Law Enforcement Drive: The Need for a European Response. Mercator Institute for China Studies. https://merics.org/sites/default/files/2020-05/China%27s%20global%20law%20enforcement%20drive.pdf. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  18. European Parliament. (2024a). Full Negotiation Minutes – 10.04.2024. p. 187. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-9-2024-04-10_EN.pdf [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  19. European Parliament. (2024b). Law Enforcement Cooperation between China and Hungary. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2024-000654_EN.html. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  20. Fan, Y. (2015). Nanzi qiantao yidali 20 nian chunjie qianhui guo zishou [A Men Who Had Fled to Italy for 20 Years Returned to China Before the Spring Festival and Surrendered Himself]. Jiancha ribao [Procuratorate Daily]. https://www.chinanews.com.cn/df/2015/02-16/7068630.shtml. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  21. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2020). The Threat Posed by the Chinese Government and the Chinese Communist Party to the Economic and National Security of the United States. https://www.fbi.gov/news/speeches/the-threat-posed-by-the-chinese-government-and-the-chinese-communist-party-to-the-economic-and-national-security-of-the-united-states. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  22. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2022). Countering Threats Posed by the Chinese Government Inside the U.S. https://www.fbi.gov/news/speeches/countering-threats-posed-by-the-chinese-government-inside-the-us-wray-013122. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  23. Ford, L.W. (2021). Extending the Long Arm of the Law: China’s International Law Enforcement Drive. Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/extending-the-long-arm-of-the-law-chinas-international-law-enforcement-drive/. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  24. Fuzhou gong’an tuichu shou pi 3 xiang kua jing bianqiao fuwu [ Fuzhou Public Security Bureau Launches the First Three CrossBorder Bridge Services]. (2022). Guoji ribao [International Daily].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  25. Guo, J. (2024). Kaizhan guoji jingwu hezuo.Harth, L., Chen, Y. (2024). Chasing Fox Hunt. Safeguard Defenders, p. 37. https://safeguarddefenders.com/en/blog/new-report-chas-ing-fox-hunt. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  26. Harth, L., Chen, Y. (2024). Chasing Fox Hunt. Safeguard Defenders, p. 37. https://safeguarddefenders.com/en/blog/new-report-chas-ing-fox-hunt. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  27. Harwell, D. (2020). Huawei Tested AI Software that Could Recognize Uighur Minorities and Alert Police, Report Says. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/12/08/huawei-tested-ai-software-that-could-recognize-uighur-minorities-alert-police-report-says/. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  28. Hu, S., Liao, Y. (2017). Yueyang shi jianchayuan quan fan shou ge zaitao jingwai renyuan [Yueyang City Procuratorate Persuades the First Fugitive from Abroad to Return]. Yueyang ribao quan meiti zhongxin [Yueyang Daily Media Center]. https://www.803.com.cn/headline/content/201711/21/c74008.html. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  29. Interpol. (2017). What Is INTERPOL? https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/What-is-INTERPOL. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  30. Interpol Launches Global Dragnet for 100 Chinese Fugitives. (2015). China Daily. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2015-04/23/content_20514434.htm. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  31. Italy Stops Joint Police Patrols with China – Interior Minister. (2022). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/italy-stops-joint-police-patrols-with-china-interior-minister-2022-12-19/. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  32. Iyengar, R. (2016). Missing Dissident Journalist Who Fled to Thailand Is Back in China, His Wife Says. Time. https://time.com/4207428/li-xin-journalist-thailand-return-china/. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  33. Jiji goujian zhongguo tese zhifa anquan hezuo tixi [Actively Build a Law Enforcement and Security Cooperation System with Chinese Characteristics]. (2017). Xinhua wang [Xinhua News]. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2017-02/07/c_1120426453.htm. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  34. Kellogg, T. (2019). No Exit: China’s Growing Use of Exit Bans Violates International Law. Lawfare. https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/no-exit-chinas-growing-use-exit-bans-violates-international-law. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  35. Lei, L. (2014). “Lie hu 2014” zhuanxiang xingdong qude jiaduan xing zhongda zhanguo [“Fox Hunt 2014” Special Operation Has Achieved Significant Results]. Zhongyang zhengfu menhu wangzhan [Central Government Portal]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2014-09/21/content_2753614.htm. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  36. Link, J. (2022). The Expanding International Reach of China’s Police. Center for American Progress. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-expanding-international-reach-of-chinas-police/. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  37. Lu, L. (2021). Mishi de ershiqi nian [Lost for Twenty-Seven Years]. Zhongyang jiwei guojia jian wei [Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the National Supervisory Commission]. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2021-01/10/c_1126964863.htm. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  38. Mastro, O. (2024). Upstart: How China Became a Great Power, Oxford, Oxford University Press, p. 70–75.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  39. Merchant, N. (2021). Lawyers Say China Using Interpol to Seek Dissidents’ Return. Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/china-immigration-migration-6463bf3d26c5a4ed3b799e83116edc45. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  40. Nantulya, P. (2023). China’s Policing Models Make Inroads in Africa. Africa Center for Strategic Studies. https://africacenter.org/spot-light/chinas-policing-models-make-inroads-in-africa/. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  41. Overseas: Chinese Transnational Policing Gone Wild. (2022). Safeguard Defenders, p. 13. https://safeguarddefenders.com/sites/default/files/pdf/110%20Overseas%20%28v5%29.pdf. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  42. Pompili, G. (2022). Chinese Policemen in Italy: From Joint Patrol to a Virtual Police Station. Il Foglio. https://www.ilfoglio.it/esteri/2022/09/05/news/chinese-policemen-in-italy-from-joint-patrol-to-a-virtual-police-station-4390907/. [Accessed 25 June 2024]
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  43. Rotella, S., Berg, K. (2021). Operation Fox Hunt: How China Exports Repression Using a Network of Spies Hidden in Plain Sight. ProPublica. https://www.propublica.org/article/operation-fox-hunt-how-china-exports-repression-using-a-network-of-spies-hidden-in-plain-sight. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  44. Quanguo Gong’an Guoji Hezuo Gongzuo Huiyi Zaijing Zhaohai. (2017). National Public Security International Cooperation Work Conference Concludes in Beijing.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  45. Shao, Q. (2020). Cong xibanya madeli dao qingtian “jian qiao zhi jia” quan fan zhui tao xianyiren [From Madrid, Spain to Qingtian, “Jianqiao Home” to Persuade the Return of Fugitive Suspects]. Ou hua xinxi wang [European and Chinese Information Network]. http://www.0039italia.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=16&id=1136. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  46. Song, Y. (2014). Gong’anbu bushu jibu xingdong jian zhi zaitao jingwai jingji fanzui xianyiren [The Ministry of Public Security Deploys Arrest Operations Targeting Fugitive Economic Crime Suspects Abroad]. Zhongyang zhengfu menhu wangzhan [ Central Government Portal]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2014-07/22/content_2722492.htm. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  47. Tanner, M. (2017). Extending the long arm: China’s global law enforcement strategy. Mercator Institute for China Studies.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  48. Standish, R. (2024). Chinese-Made Surveillance Cameras Are Spreading Across Eastern Europe, Despite Security Concerns. Radio Free Europe. https://www.rferl.org/a/china-surveillance-cameras-europe-dahua-hikvision/32930737.html. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  49. The White House. (2022). National Security Strategy of the United States. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Biden-Harris-Administrations-National-Security-Strategy-10.2022. pdf. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  50. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2003). United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto, p. 15. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/intro/UNTOC.html. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  51. US Envoy Warns Hungary that Close Ties with China ‘come with Strings Attached’. (2024). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/us-envoy-warns-hungary-that-close-ties-with-china-come-with-strings-attached-2024-06-11/. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  52. Vascotto, A. (2024) Backsliding in Belgrade: The State of Serbia’s European Future. European Council on Foreign Relations. https://ecfr.eu/article/backsliding-in-belgrade-the-state-of-serbias-european-future/. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  53. View Red Notices. (n.d.) Interpol. https://www.interpol.int/en/How-we-work/Notices/Red-Notices/View-Red-Notices. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  54. Wang, H. (2019). “Renmin gong’an” zazhi dian zan ai qiao hu qiao shixian quanqiu fuwu tamen chu shi zhao! [“People’s Public Security” magazine praised for taking practical measures to love and protect overseas Chinese and provide global services!]. Xin lan wang. http://i.cztv.com/view/13257962.html. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  55. Wuthnow, J. (2019) China’s Other Army: The People’s Armed Police in an Era of Reform. Institute for National Security Studies: China Strategic Perspectives, p. 4. https://inss.ndu.edu/Portals/82/China%20SP%2014%20Final%20for%20Web.pdf. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  56. Xi Calls for Global Vision in China’s National Security Work. (2017). China.org.cn. http://www.china.org.cn/video/2017-02/18/content_40313020.htm. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  57. Yan, X. (2018). ‘Zongsuan neng shui de anxinle [‘Finally I Can Sleep Peacefully’]. Zhongyang jiwei guojia jian wei zhu sifa by jijian jiancha zu [Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and National Supervisory Commission Discipline Inspection and Supervision Group in the Ministry of Justice]. https://www. moj.gov.cn/pub/sfbgw/jgsz/gjjwzsfbjjz/zyzsfbjjzyajs/201809/t20180913_182315.html. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  58. Zhe guo yaoqing zhongguo jingcha zai jingnei zhiqin, oumeng bu leyile [This Country Invited Chinese Police to Work in its Territory, and the EU Was Not Happy]. (2024). Lu zhong chenbao [Luzhong Morning News]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=179608477145 8083226&wfr=spider&for=pc. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  59. Zhongguo jiangcha kaizhan guoji jing wu hezuo, mei xi liji zaoyao, wu mie [When Chinese Police Started International Police Cooperation, the U.S. and the West Immediately Spread Rumors and Slandered Them]. (2024). Guangdong sheng [Guangdong Province]. https://news.sohu.com/a/771092215_121451922. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  60. Zongti guojia anquan guan [Comprehensive National Security Outlook]. (n.d.). Xuexi pingtai [Learning platform]. https://www.12371.cn/special/xxzd/hxnr/aqg/. [Accessed 25 June 2024].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25143/socr.30.2024.3.09-18 | Journal eISSN: 2256-0548
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 9 - 18
Published on: Dec 30, 2024
Published by: Riga Stradins University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 3 issues per year
Keywords:
Europe,
internal security,
People’s Republic of China (China),
transnational repression
Related subjects:
Law,
International law, foreign law, comparative law,
International law, foreign law, comparative law, other,
Public law,
Public law, other,
Criminal law,
Criminal law, other

© 2024 Raina Nelson, published by Riga Stradins University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 2024 (2024): Issue 3-30 (December 2024)Next article