References
- Albu, L. (2004). Estimating the Size of the Underground Economy in Romania. Institute of Economic Forecasting, Bucharest: Romanian Academy.10.2139/ssrn.1569577
- Arandarenko, M. (2015a). The Shadow Economy: Challenge to Economic and Social Policy. In Krstic, G. & Schneider, F. (ed.) Formalizing the Shadow Economy in Serbia, London: Springer Open, 5-12.10.1007/978-3-319-13437-6_2
- Arandarenko, M. (2015b). Analysis of the administrative Capacity of the Institutions in Charge of Overseeing the Operations of Business Entities. In Krstic, G. and Schneider, F. (ed.) Formalizing the Shadow Economy in Serbia, London: Springer Open, 109-122.10.1007/978-3-319-13437-6_8
- A.T. Kearney, 2013. The Shadow Economy in Europe: Using the Payment System to Combat the Shadow Economy, London: A.T., Kearney. Available on https://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/1f89864d-903f-4683-b6e4-df57e223a4d7.
- Bacchetta, M., Ernst, E., & Bustamante, J. P. (2009). Globalization and informal jobs in developing countries, Geneva: The International Labour Office and the Secretariat of the World Trade Organization.10.30875/f801556b-en
- Balkan Trust for Democracy (2016). The Shadow Worker – Hidden Economy and Undeclared Labour in Macedonia, Albania and Kosovo. Policy Brief No. 38, Tirana: Centre for Research and Policy Making, Institute for Democracy and Meditation, Democracy for Development.
- Bejakovic, P. (2015). A revision of the shadow economy in Croatia: causes and effects, Economic Research, 28(1), 422-440.10.1080/1331677X.2015.1059104
- Bejakovic, P. (2017). How to measure the unmeasurable: Project Grey developing capacities and capabilities for tackling undeclared work, Croatian Review of Economic, Business and Social Statistics (CREBSS), 3 (2), 20-38.10.1515/crebss-2017-0007
- Bezeredi, S., & Williams, C. (2017). Illegitimate Economic Practices in FYR Macedonia. GREY Working Paper No.10, Sheffield, Zagreb: University Management School and Institute of Public Finance.
- Brezinski. H. (1983). The Second Economy in the Soviet Union and its Implications for Economic Policy. In Gaertner, W., & Wenig, A. (ed.) The Economics of the Shadow Economy Proceedings of the International Conference on the Economics of the Shadow Economy, 15, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
- Bowles, R. A. (1999). Tax Policy, Tax Evasion and Corruption in Economies in Transition. In Feige, E. & Ott, K., (ed.) Underground Economies in Transition, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishers, 67-86.10.4324/9780429021138-7
- Bryson, B. (2004). Made in America, New York: HarperCollins.
- Cassel, D., & Cichy, U. (1987). The shadow economy and economic policy in East and West: a comparative system approach. In Alessandrini, S., & Dallago B. (ed.) The Unofficial Economy, Andershot: Gower, 127-146.
- CSD (2013). The hidden economy in Bulgaria: 2011 – 2012, Policy brief No 37, January 2013, Sofia: Center for the Study of Democracy.
- CSD (2016). The hidden economy in Bulgaria: 2015 – 2016, Policy brief No 64, September 2016, Sofia: Center for the Study of Democracy.
- Dallago, B. (1987). The underground economy in the West and the East: a comparative approach. In Alessandrini, S., & Dallago, B. (ed.) The Unofficial Economy, Andershot: Gower, 147-163.
- Davidescu, A., & Strat, V. (2015). Shadow Economy and Foreign Direct Investments: an Empirical Analysis for the Case of Romania, ECOFORUM, 4(2), 265-283.
- Davidescu, A., Strat, V., & Paul, A. (2015). Revisiting the Size of the Romanian Informal Economy Using the Gutmann Approach, Procedia Economics and Finance, 23(2), 1037-1045.10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00546-8
- Demalija, R. (2017). Informality vs Politics; The Interactions Between Politics and Social Behaviour in Albania, a Retardment for the EU Integration Process, European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(4), 27-30.10.26417/ejms.v4i4.p27-30
- Dzhekova, R., Franic, J., Mishkov, L., & Williams, C. C. (2014). Tackling the Undeclared Economy in FYR Macedonia, A baseline assessment, GREY Working Paper No. 3, University of Sheffield.10.2139/ssrn.2479905
- Dzhekova, R., & Williams, C. C. (2014). Tackling the Undeclared Economy in Bulgaria: A baseline report, GREY Working Paper No. 1, University of Sheffield.10.2139/ssrn.2430876
- Easton, S. (2001). The Size of the Underground Economy: A Review of the Estimates. Available on https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251857713_The_Size_of_the_Underground_Economy_A_Review_of_the_Estimates
- Ericson, R. (1984). The “Second Economy” and Resource Allocation under Central Planning, Journal of Comparative Economics, 8(17), 1-24.10.1016/0147-5967(84)90018-0
- Feige, E. L. (1979). How Big is the Irregular Economy? Challenge, Nov-Dec., 5-13.10.1080/05775132.1979.11470559
- Feige, E. L. (1983). The Meaning of the “Underground Economy” and the Full Compliance Deficit. In Gaertner, W., & Wenig, A. (ed.) The Economics of the Shadow Economy, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 19-37.10.1007/978-3-642-88408-5_2
- Feige, E. L. (1987). The Anatomy of the Underground Economy. In Alessandrini, S., & Dallago, B. (ed.) The Unofficial Economy, Andershot: Gower, 83-106.
- Feige, E. L. (1990). Defining and Estimating Underground and Informal Economies: The New Institutional Economics Approach, World Development, 18 (7), 989-1002.10.1016/0305-750X(90)90081-8
- Feige, E. L. (1997). Underground activity and institutional change: productive, protective and predatory behaviour in transition economies. In Nelson, J. M., Tilly, C., & Walker, L. (ed.) Transforming post-communist political economies, Washington DC: National Research Council, 19-34.10.2139/ssrn.3400240
- Feige, E. (1999). Underground Economies in Transition: Noncompliance and Institutional Change. In Feige, E., & Ott, K., (ed.) 1999. Underground Economies in Transition, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishers, 11-28.10.4324/9780429021138-3
- Feige, E., & Ott, K. (1999). Underground Economies in Transition, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishers.
- Feige E. L., & Urban, I. (2008). Measuring underground (unobserved, non-observed, unrecorded) economies in transition countries: Can we trust GDP?, MPRA Paper No. 7345, Munich: Munich Personal RePEc Archive.10.2139/ssrn.1147794
- Franicevic, V. (1999). Political Economy of the Unofficial Economy: the State and Regulation. In Feige, E., & Ott, K. (ed.), Underground Economies in Transition, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishers, 117-140.10.4324/9780429021138-10
- Franicevic, V., & Kraft, E. (1996). Economic development in Croatia: Is Croatia facing a growth impasse? Paper presented at the conference Economic Reconstruction and Development Policies in the Yugoslav Successor States, School for Policy Studies, Bristol: Mimeo, 1-40.
- Franz, A. (1984). Schatzungen der hidden economy in Österreich auf der Basis offizieller Statistiken (Estimation of Hidden Economy in Austria based on the Official Statistics). In Skolka, J. (ed.) Die andere Wirtschaft: Schwarzarbeit and Do-it-yourself in Österreich, Vienna: Signum, 83-99.
- Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) Office in Prishtina, the Kosovo Foundation for Open Society (KFOS), & Riinvest Institute for Research and Development (2013). To Pay or Not To Pay: A Business Perspective of Informality in Kosovo, Pristina: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and Riinvest Institute.
- FREN (2013). The Shadow Economy in Serbia - New Findings and Recommendations for the Reform. Belgrade: FREN.
- Galić Nagyszombaty, A. (2012). Unofficial economy in Croatia: Estimation methods and results, Methods and Results. Ekonomski pregled, 3(1), 734-762.
- Garvanlieva, V., Andonov, V., & Nikolov, M. (2012). Shadow Economy in Macedonia. Skopje: Centre for Economic Analyses.
- Gershuny, J. I. (1979). The Informal Economy - its Role in Post-Industrial Society. Future, 11(1), 3-15.10.1016/0016-3287(79)90065-X
- Gerxhani, K. (2001). The informal sector in transition: tax evasion in an institutional vacuum. Amsterdam: Tinberger Institute.
- Gerxhani, K. (2003). Politico-economic institutions and the informal sector in Albania. Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies (AIAS) Research Report 03/12, Amsterdam: Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies.
- Gibson, B. (2013). Informality in manufacturing and economy. Development Policy, Statistics and Research Branch Working Paper 8/2013, Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization - UNIDO.
- Glas, M. (1988). Razcvet sive ekonomije v sedemdesetih letih - Pogled na razloge in dejanske razmene (The boom of the grey economy in the 1970s - A look at the reasons and actual scope). In Glas, M., Kukar, S., Simoncic, M., & Bicanic, I., Siva ekonomija v svetu in v Jugoslaviji (Grey economy in the World and in Yugoslavia), Ljubljana: Delavna enotnost.
- Glinkina, S. (1999). Peculiarities of the unofficial economy during the transition. In Feige, E. & Ott, K. (ed.) Underground Economies In Transition, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishers, 101-116.
- Government of the Republic of Kosovo (2014). National strategy of the Republic of Kosovo for the prevention of and fight against informal economy, money laundering, terrorist financing and financial crimes 2014-2018. Prishtina: Government of the Republic of Kosovo.
- Grossman, G. (1977). The “Second” Economy of the USSR, Problem of Communism, 26(5), 25-40.
- Grossman, G. (1985). The Second Economy in the USSR and Eastern Europe: A Bibliography. Berkeley-Duke Occasional Papers No. 1, Berkeley: University of California Duke University.10.21236/ADA269615
- Grossman, G., & Treml, G. V. (1987). Measuring hidden personal incomes in the USSR. In Alessandrini, S., & Dallago, B. (ed.) The Unofficial Economy, Andershot: Gower, 285-301.
- Gutmann, M. P. (1985). The Subterranean Economy, Redux. In Gaertner, W., & Wenig, A., (ed.) The Economics of the Shadow Economy, Heidelberg: Springer, 1-18.10.1007/978-3-642-88408-5_1
- Harding, P., & Jenkins, R. (1989). The Myth of Hidden Economy, Towards a New Understanding of Informal Economic Activity, Milton Keynes, Philadelphia: Open University Press.
- Horodnic, I., Rodgers, P., Williams, C., & Momtazian, L. (2018). The Informal Economy: Exploring Drivers and Practices, Routledge: New York.10.4324/9781315158013
- International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2002). Decent work and the informal economy. Report VI, International Labour Conference, 90th Session, Geneva: International Labour Organisation.
- International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2010). Profile of the Social Security System in Kosovo. Budapest: International Labour Organisation.
- International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2014). Transitioning from the informal to the formal economy. Geneva: International Labour Organisation.
- International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2015). Decent Work Country Programme of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2015-2018. Geneva: International Labour Organisation.
- International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2016). The Informal Economy in Republic of Moldova: A Comprehensive Review. Geneva: International Labour Organisation.
- Jankov, Lj. (1997). Monetaristicki pristup nesluzbenom gospodarstvu (The Monetary Form of the Unofficial Economy), Financijska praksa, 21(1-2), 157-168.
- Johnson, S., Kaufmann, D., & Shleifer, A. (1997). The Unofficial Economy in Transition, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, 159-239.10.2307/2534688
- Jokic, B., Bregvadze, T., Kazimzade, E., Kirss, L., Ristić Dedić, Z., Soldo, A. (2013). Emerging from the Shadow: A Comparative Qualitative Exploration of Private Tutoring in Eurasia. Zagreb: Network of Education Policy Centres.
- Jutting, J., & de Laiglesia, J. R. (2009). Is Informal Normal? Towards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries. Paris: OECD.10.1787/9789264059245-en
- Karaic, N. (2002). Siromastvo i nesluzbeno gospodarstvo u Hrvatskoj – kvalitativni aspekti. (Poverty and Underground Economy in Croatia – Qualitative Aspects). Financijska teorija i praksa, 26(1), 273.299.
- Kaufmann, D., & Kaliberda, A. (1996). Integrating the unofficial economy into the dynamics of post-socialist economies: a framework of analysis and evidence. In Kaminski, B. (ed.) Economic Transition in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, New York London: M.E. Sharpe Armonk, 81-120.10.1596/1813-9450-1691
- Kaufmann, D., & Siegelbaum, P. (1996). Privatization and Corruption in Transition Economies, Journal of International Affairs, 50 (2), 419-458.
- Kyle, S., Warner, A., Dimitrov, L., Krustev, R., Alexandrova, S., & Stanchev, K. (2001). The Shadow Economy in Bulgaria. Sofia: Harvard University, Agency for Economic Analysis and Forecasting and Institute for Market Economics.
- Krasniq, X. F., & Topxhiu, M. R. (2012). The Informal Economy in Kosovo: Characteristics, Current Trends and Challenges, Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, 2(2), 1-25.
- Krstic, G., Dinkic, M., Hadzic, M., Labus, M., & Reilly, B. (1998). Analysis of the grey economy in the FRY with estimates of its volume for 1997 and recommendations for its legalisation. Belgrade: Economics Institute Belgrade.
- Krstic, G., & Corbanese, V. (2009). In search of more and better jobs for young people in Serbia. ILO Working Papers 2009/1. Geneva: ILO.
- Krstic, G., & Sanfey, P. (2010). Earning inequality and the informal economy: evidence from Serbia. Working Paper No. 114, European Bank for Development and Reconstruction.
- Krstic, G., & Radulovic, B. (2015). Shadow Economy in the Business and Entrepreneurial Sector. In Krstic, G. & Schneider, F. (ed.) Formalizing the Shadow Economy in Serbia, London: Springer Open, 77-100.10.1007/978-3-319-13437-6_6
- Labour Inspectorate (2011). Annual Report. Belgrade: Labour Inspectorate of the Republic of Serbia.
- Litra, A. (2016). The Underground Economy in Romania, Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series V: Economic Sciences, 9 (58), 229-236.
- Lovrincevic, Z., Maric, Z., & Mikulic, D. (2006). Maastrichtski kriteriji i ukljucivanje sive ekonomije – slucaj Hrvatske (Maastricht criteria and the inclusion of the underground economy – The case of Croatia). Privredna kretanja i ekonomska politika, 16 (106), 28-65.
- Lovrincevic, Z., Mikulic, D., & Niksic-Paulic, B. (2002). The official statistics approach to an Estimate of the size of the underground economy. Paper presented at the Institute of Public Finance international Conference “Unofficial activities in transition countries: Ten years of experience”, Zagreb, October, 2002.
- Lovrincevic, Z., Mikulic, D., & Galic Nagyszombaty, A. (2011). Unofficial economy in Croatia and the impact of the economic recession on the unofficial economy. In Reic, Z., & Simic, V. (ed.), Conference proceedings challenges of Europe: Growth and competitiveness reversing the trends. Split: University of Split, Faculty of Economics, 479-908.
- Madzarevic-Sujster, S., & Mikulic, D. (2002). An estimate of the underground economy via the national accounts system. Paper presented at the Institute of Public Finance international Conference “Unofficial activities in transition countries: Ten years of experience”, Zagreb, October, 2002.
- Meier, G. M., & Rauch, J. E. (2000). Leading Issues in Economic Development. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Mihes, C., Popova, N., & Roch, S. (2011). A comparative Overview of Informal Employment in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova and Montenegro. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
- (MEF), & Kostic, V. (2014). Informal Economy in Montenegro - The enabling environment for sustainable enterprises in Montenegro. Podgorica: Montenegrin Employers Federation.
- Nastav, B., & Bojnec, S. (2007). The shadow economy in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia: the labour approach. Eastern European Economics, 45(1), 29-58.10.2753/EEE0012-8775450102
- Center for the Study of Democracy, 2011. The Hidden Economy in Bulgaria and the Global Economic Crisis. Center for the Study of Democracy: Sofia.
- O’Hearn, D. (1980). The Consumer Second Economy. Soviet Studies, 32(2), 218-243.10.1080/09668138008411294
- Organisation for Economic Corporation and Development (OECD) (2002). Measuring the Non-Observed Economy. A Handbook, Paris: OECD.
- Organisation for Economic Corporation and Development (OECD) (2007). Glossary of Statistical Terms. Paris: OECD.
- Parlevliet, J., & Xenogiani, T. (2008). Report on Informal Employment in Romania. OECD Development Centre, Working Paper No. 271, Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
- Perry, G., Maloney, W., Arias, O., Fajnzylber, P., Mason, A., & Saavedra-Chanduvi, J. (2007). Informality: Exit and exclusion. Technical Report No. 40008, Washington, D.C.: World Bank.10.1596/978-0-8213-7092-6
- Pfau-Effinger, B. (2017). Informal employment in the poor European periphery. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 37(7/8), 387-399.10.1108/IJSSP-07-2016-0080
- Riinvest Institute (2002). Labour Market and Unemployment in Kosovo. Prishtina: Riinvest Institute.
- Schneider, F. (2005). Shadow Economies around the World: What Do We Really Know? European Journal of Political Economy, 21 (3), 598-642.10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2004.10.002
- Schneider, F. (2011). Handbook on the Shadow Economy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.10.4337/9780857930880
- Schneider, F. (2012). The Financial Flows of Transnational Crime and Tax Fraud in OECD Countries: What Do We (Not) Know? Available at http://www.econ.jku.at/members/Schneider/files/publications/2012/FinancialFlows_TaxFraud.pdf
- Schneider, F. (2013). Size and development of the shadow economy of 31 European and 5 other OECD countries from 2003 to 2013: a further decline. Available at: http://www.econ.jku.at/members/Schneider/files/publications/2013/ShadEcEurope31_Jan2013.pdf 40.
- Schneider, F., Enste, D. (2000). Shadow Economies around the World: Size, Causes, and Consequences. Available at https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2000/wp0026.pdf10.5089/9781451844375.001
- Schneider, F., Krstic, G., Arsic, M., & Randjelovic, S. (2015). What is the Extent of Shadow Economy in Serbia? In Krstic, G., & Schneider, F. (ed.) Formalizing the Shadow Economy in Serbia, London: Springer Open, 47-76.10.1007/978-3-319-13437-6_5
- Schneider, F., Raczkowski, K. and Mroz, B., 2015. Shadow Economy and tax evasion in the EU. Journal of Money Laundering Control, Vol. 18 (1), pp. 34-51.10.1108/JMLC-09-2014-0027
- SELDI, 2016. Shadow Power: Assessment of Corruption and Hidden Economy in Southeast Europe. Sofia: SELDI. Available at: http://seldi.net/fileadmin/public/PDF/Publications/RAR_2016/SHADOW_POWER_EN_FINAL.pdf
- Shelley, L.I. (1983). Law and the Soviet Second Economy. Research in Law, Deviance and Social Control, 5(34), 3-24.
- Shelley, L.I. (1990). The Second Economy in the Soviet Union. In Loš, M., The Second Economy in Marxist States, Hong Kong: Macmillan.10.1007/978-1-349-20422-9_2
- Soldo, A., & Powell, S. (2011). The Phenomenon of Private tutoring – Possible Solutions: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sarajevo: Promente.
- Stanchev, K., & Bogdanov, L. (1997). Special features of Bulgarian informal Sector. International Workshop “The Importance of Unofficial Economy In Economic Transition”, Zagreb, Institute of Public Finance.
- Standing, G. (1991). Introduction. In Standing, G. (ed.) In search of flexibility, The new Soviet labour market, Geneva: International Labour Organisation.
- Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (2016). Bilten: Anketa o radnoj snazi u Republici Srbiji. Belgrade: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.
- Stefanov, R., Williams, C. C., & Rodgers, P. (2017). Tackling Undeclared Work in the FYR of Macedonia: Knowledge-Informed Policy Responses. GREY Policy Brief, No. 2, Sofia/Sheffield: Vitosha Research and Sheffield University Management School.10.2139/ssrn.3026358
- Sweezy, M. P. (1980). Post-Revolutionary Society, Monthly Review, 118(1), 45-61.10.14452/MR-032-06-1980-10_1
- UNDP (2016). Informal work from challenges to solutions. Podgorica: DPC.
- Vincensini, C. (2001). Is path dependence a useful concept to analyse the evolution of ownership structures in Central Europe? A theoretical and empirical discussion. Paper prepared for the conference “Institutions in Transition” organised by IMAD, Otocec, Slovenia, 13-14 July 2001.
- Williams, C. C. (2005). The undeclared sector, self-employment and public policy, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 11(4), 244 – 257.10.1108/13552550510603289
- Williams, C. C. (2011). A critical evaluation of competing representations of informal employment: some lessons from England. Review of Social Economy, 69 (2), 211-237.10.1080/00346764.2010.502829
- Williams, C. C. (2014). Confronting the shadow economy: evaluating tax compliance and behaviour policies. Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar.10.4337/9781782546047
- Williams, C. C., & Martínez, A., (2014). Explaining cross-national variations in tax morality in the European Union: an exploratory analysis, Studies of Transition States and Societies, 6 (1), 5-18.
- Williams, C. C., & Renooy, P. (2008). Measures to tackle undeclared work in the European Union. Dublin: Eurofound.
- Williams, C. C., & Renooy, P. (2013). Tackling undeclared work in 27 European Union Member States and Norway: Approaches and measures since 2008. Dublin: Eurofound.
- Williams, C. C., Franic, J., & Dzhekova, R. (2014). Explaining the undeclared economy in Bulgaria: an institutional asymmetry perspective, South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 9 (2), 33-45.10.2478/jeb-2014-0008
- Williams, C. C., & Schneider, F. (2016). Measuring the global shadow economy: the prevalence of informal work and labour. Cheltenham, UK Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.10.4337/9781784717995
- Williams, C. C., Baric, M., & Renooy, P. (2013a). Tackling Undeclared Work in Macedonia, Dublin: Eurofound.
- Williams, C. C., Baric, M., & Renooy, P. (2013b). Tackling Undeclared Work in Montenegro, Dublin: Eurofound.
- Wolff, E. N. (1983). The Disappearance of Domestic Servants and the Underground Economy. In
- Wulf, G., & Wenig, A. (ed.) The Economics of the Shadow Economy Proceedings of the International Conference on the Economics of the Shadow Economy, Bielefeld: University of Bielefeld, 316-329.
- World Bank (2009). Moldova Country Profile. Washington, DC: World Bank, International Finance Corporation.
- World Bank (2010). Kosovo - Unlocking growth potential: strategies, policies, actions: a country economic memorandum. Washington, DC: World Bank.
- Zef, P., Auron, P., & Muco, L. (1999). Underground Economy in Albania. National Conference: Issues of Economic Growth in Albania, Tirana, 12-13 March 1999.
