A comprehensive evaluation of active labour market policy measures for refugees shows that these have significantly and sustainably improved the labour market integration of many individuals admitted to Germany during the refugee crisis about ten years ago – except job creation schemes. The fiscal impact is also predominantly positive. Employer-oriented programmes and vocational education and training proved to be particularly effective and cost-efficient. However, the full integration potential of active labour market policies was likely not realised. Due to changed conditions, the positive evaluation outcomes can only be partially applied to recent immigrants in the context of refugee migration.
© 2025 Holger Bonin, Ulf Rinne, published by ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft
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