Have a personal or library account? Click to login
The Juvenile Justice Law in India: Are you Old Enough to Commit a Crime? Cover

The Juvenile Justice Law in India: Are you Old Enough to Commit a Crime?

By: Shruti Bedi  
Open Access
|Apr 2022

References

  1. [1] Abuzar Hossain v State of West Bengal, (2012) 10 SCC 489
  2. [2] Bijender v. State of Haryana, 2018 SCC OnLine P&H 6722
  3. [3] Mukesh and Anrs. v. NCT Delhi (Nirbhaya case), (2017) 6 SCC 1
  4. [4] Raghbir v State of Haryana, AIR 1981 SC 2037
  5. [5] Rajiv Kumar v. State of Bihar, 2018 SCC OnLine Pat 5443
  6. [6] Rohtas v State of Haryana, AIR 1979 SC 1839
  7. [7] Salil Bali v Union of India, (2013) 7 SCC 70
  8. [8] Saurabh Jalinder Nangre v. State of Maharashtra, 2018 SCC OnLine Bom 6295
  9. [9] Sheela Barse v. Union of India. (1991) 1 SCC 57
  10. [10] Shilpa Mittal v. State (NCT of Delhi), (2020) 2 SCC 787
  11. [11] Subramanian Swamy v. Raju through Member, Juvenile Justice Board and Anr., (2014) 8 SCC 390
  12. [12] Abrams, L. S., Barnert, E. S., Mizel, M. L., Bedros, A., Webster, E., & Bryan, I. (2019), ‘When Is a Child Too Young for Juvenile Court? A Comparative Case Study of State Law and Implementation in Six Major Metropolitan Areas’, Crime & Delinquency10.1177/0011128719839356
  13. [13] Ajith, S. (18 December 2015), ‘Nirbhaya Case: Delhi HC declines Swamy’s plea not to release Juvenile Convict until ascertaining the extent of his reformation’, Livelaw. Retrieved from: https://www.livelaw.in/nirbhaya-case-delhi-hc-declines-swamys-plea-not-to-release-juvenile-convict-until-ascertaining-the-extent-of-his-reformation/ [accessed 17 July 2021]
  14. [14] Bajpai, A. (2018), ‘The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2015: An Analysis’, Indian Law Review, 2(2)10.1080/24730580.2018.1552233
  15. [15] Bueren, V. (1995), International Law on the Rights of the Child, The Hague, Kluwer Law International
  16. [16] Janeksela, G.M. (1991), ‘Descriptive Analysis of Five Juvenile Justice Systems: United States, Scotland, England, India, and South Africa’, International Review of Modern Sociology, 21(1)
  17. [17] Kumari, V. (2016), ‘The Juvenile Justice Act 2015: Critical Understanding’, Journal of the Indian Law Institute, 58(1)
  18. [18] Mehta, D. (2014), ‘An Iron Fist in a Velvet Glove: Draft Juvenile Justice Bill’ Economic & Political Weekly, 49(31)
  19. [19] Mishra, N. (2019), ‘Revisiting Juvenile Justice with Victim Lens’, Journal of Victimology and Victim Justice 2(2)10.1177/2516606919885498
  20. [20] Morgan, R. (2010), ‘Children’s Rights and the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility: A Global Perspective, By Don Cipriani’, Ashgate, 2009, British Journal of Criminology, 50(5)10.1093/bjc/azq044
  21. [21] National (8 December 2014), ‘Delhi gang rape: What happened on December 16, 2012 and status of the case’, News18. Retrieved from: https://www.news18.com/news/india/delhi-gangrape-what-happened-on-december-16-2012-and-status-of-the-case-730141.html [accessed 17 July 2021]
  22. [22] News (31 August 2013), ‘Delhi gang rape case: chronology of events’ The Hindu. Retrieved from: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/delhi-gang-rape-chronology-of-events/article11862316.ece#:~:text=*Aug%2019%3A%20JJB%20again%20defers,Sep%203%3A%20FTC%20concludes%20trial [accessed 17 July 2021]
  23. [23] Orts, K. (2020), ‘An overview of recent national and international research on minimum age of criminal responsibility’ EBPSociety. Retrieved from: https://www.ebpsociety.org/blog/education/402-an-overview-of-recent-national-and-international-research-on-the-minimum-age-of-criminal-responsibility [accessed 16 July 2021]
  24. [24] Pande, B. B. (2013), ‘Stilling the Turbulent Juvenile Justice Waters: The Apex Court’s Precedented Response to an Unprecedented Challenge in Salil Bali v. Union of India’ Supreme Court Cases Journal, 9
  25. [25] Pande, B. B. (2015), ‘‘Bad’ Juveniles and the ‘Worst’ Juvenile Justice Law? The Second Challenge to Juvenile Justice Law in “Darga Ram v. State of Rajasthan”’, Journal of Indian Law Institute, 57(1)
  26. [26] Rautray, S. (6 May 2017), ‘Supreme Court confirms death sentence for four convicts in Nirbhaya gang rape case’ The Economic Times. Retrieved from: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/supreme-court-confirms-death-sentence-for-four-convicts-in-nirbhaya-gang-rape-case/articleshow/58531130.cms [accessed 17 July 2021]
  27. [27] Sekhri, A. (2016), ‘The Juvenile Justice Act 2015: More questions than answers’, The Proof of Guilt Blog. Retrieved from: https://theproofofguilt.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-juvenile-justice-act-2015-more.html [accessed 12 July 2021]
  28. [28] Sharma, D. (2020), ‘Juvenile Justice System in India: A critical analysis’, Indian Review of Advanced Legal Research Blog. Retrieved from: https://www.iralr.in/post/juvenile-justice-system-in-india-a-critical-analysis [accessed 7 July 2021]
  29. [29] Shoemaker, D. J. (2020), ‘Juvenile Justice’, Britannica Encyclopaedia. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/juvenile-justice/Continental-Europe [accessed 7 July 2021]
  30. [30] Steinberg, L. (2012), ‘Should the Science of Adolescent Brain Development Inform Public Policy’, Issues in Science and Technology, 28(3)
  31. [31] Todorovic, M. (2017), ‘International Instruments on Juvenile Delinquency, Reactions to Juvenile Offences, and Harmonisation with National Legislations: The Case Studies of Serbia and Slovenia’, European Master’s Degree in Human Rights and Democratisation. Retrieved from: https://repository.gchumanrights.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11825/595/Todorovic.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [accessed 18 July 2021]
  32. [32] UNICEF (1997), ‘Old enough to be a Criminal?’, Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved from: https:// www.encyclopedia.com/law/educational-magazines/old-enough-be-criminal [accessed 13 July 2021]
  33. [32] Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
  34. [33] Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Human Resource Development, Rajya Sabha, 264th Report on The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Bill 2014, 2015
  35. [34] Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000
  36. [35] Juvenile Justice Act, 1986
  37. [36] Ministry of Women and Child Development Notification, (12th January, 2016, New Delhi), The Gazette of India. Retrieved from: https://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/gazette%20notification_0.pdf [accessed 15 July 2021]
  38. [37] Reformatory Schools Act, 1876 and 1897
  39. [38] The Children Act, 1960
  40. [39] The Constitution of India, 1950
  41. [40] The Indian Penal Code, 1860
  42. [41] The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015. Retrieved from: http://cara.nic.in/PDF/JJ%20act%202015.pdf [accessed 9 July 2021]
  43. [42] The United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty. Retrieved from: https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/juvenilesdeprivedofliberty.aspx#:~:text=The%20Rules%20are%20intended%20to,of%20detention%20and%20to%20fostering [accessed 17 July 2021]
  44. [43] The Universal Declaration on the Rights of the Child
  45. [44] United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (2007), ‘General Comment No. 24 (2019), replacing General Comment No. 10 (2007): Children’s rights in juvenile justice’ Committee on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved from: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CRC/GC24/GeneralComment24.pdf [accessed 10 July 2021]
  46. [45] United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (The Beijing Rules). Adopted by General Assembly resolution 40/33 of 29 November 1985. Retrieved from: https://www.ohchr.org/documents/professionalinterest/beijingrules.pdf [accessed 8 July 2021]
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/vjls-2021-0012 | Journal eISSN: 2719-3004 | Journal ISSN: 2719-5872
Language: English
Page range: 16 - 30
Published on: Apr 13, 2022
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 3 issues per year

© 2022 Shruti Bedi, published by Hochiminh City University of Law
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.