Natural Occurrence of Thiouracil in Urine of Livestock in Poland

Woźniak, Barbara; Witek, Sebastian; Żmudzki, Jan; Kłopot, Alicja

doi:10.2478/v10213-012-0108-z

Abstract

Natural occurrence of thiouracil in bovine and swine urine in Poland was investigated. Under the national residue control programme, 537 urine samples were tested. In 77 samples (14.3%) thiouracil was detected above decision limit CCα (0.91 μg L^-1), including eight samples over the recommended concentration of 10 μg L^-1. Of the bovine urine samples, 95 and 99 percentiles have thiouracil concentration below 4.50 and 14.85 μg L^-1 ,and of porcine samples below 2.35 and 6.80 μg L^-1, respectively.

References

1. Asea P.E., MacNeil J.D., Boison J.O.: An analytical method to screen for six thyreostatic drug residues in the thyroid gland and muscle tissues of food producing animals by liquid chromatography with absorption detection and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2006, 89, 567-575.10.1093/jaoac/89.2.567
Search in Google Scholar
2. Batjoens P., De Brabander H.F., De Wasch K.: Rapid and high performance analysis of thyreostatic drug residues in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1996, 750, 127-132.10.1016/0021-9673(96)00406-2
Search in Google Scholar
3. Commission Decision 2009/152/EC, Off J Eur Commun 2009, L 54, 1.
Search in Google Scholar
4. Council Directive 81/602/EC, Off J Eur Commun 1981, L 222, 32-33.
Search in Google Scholar
5. Council Directive 96/23/EC, Off J Eur Commun 1996, L125, 10.
Search in Google Scholar
6. De Brabander H.F., Verbeke R.: Detection of antithyroid residues in meat and some organs of slaughtered animals. J Chromatogr 1975, 108, 141-151.10.1016/S0021-9673(00)97496-X
Search in Google Scholar
7. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Report for 2009 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products. 2009, Supporting publications 2011, 158, p. 70. Available from: www.efsa.europa.eu.
Search in Google Scholar
8. European Union of Reference Laboratory (EURL). EURL guidance document: EURL’S view on state of art analytical methods for national residue control plans,
Search in Google Scholar
2007. Available from: www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/digitaaldepot/crlguidance2007.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar
9. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. Some Thyrotropic Agents. IARC Lyon, France, 2001, vol. 79.
Search in Google Scholar
10. Khvorostov A.: Fotoindukowane procesy przeniesienia protonu obserwowane w pochodnych tiouracylu. Thesis. Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, 2006.
Search in Google Scholar
11. Le Bizec B., Bichon E., Deceuninck Y., Prévost S., Monteau F., Antignac J.F., Dervilly-Pinel G.: Toward a criterion for suspect thiouracil administration in animal husbandry. Food Addit Contam 2011, 28, 840-847.10.1080/19440049.2011.56548321547795
Search in Google Scholar
12. Lõhmus M., Kallaste K., Le Bizec B.: Determination of thyreostats in urine and thyroid gland by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009, 1216, 8080-8089.10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.00519406410
Search in Google Scholar
13. Pinel G., Bichon E., Pouponneau K., Maume D., Andre F., Le Bizec B.: Multi-residue method for the determination of thyreostats in urine samples using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry after derivatisation with 3- iodobenzylbromide. J Chromatogr A 2005, 1085, 247-252.10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.05516106705
Search in Google Scholar
14. Pinel G., Mathieu S., Cesbron N., Maume D., De Brabander H.F., Andre F., Le Bizec B.: Evidence that urinary excretion of thiouracil in adult bovine submitted to a cruciferous diet can give erroneous indications of the possible illegal use of thyreostats in meat production. Food Addit Contam 2006, 23, 974-980.10.1080/0265203060080637016982518
Search in Google Scholar
15. Vanden Bussche J., Vanhaecke L., Deceuninck Y., Verheyden K., Wille K., Bekaert K., Le Bizec B., De Brabander H.F.: Development and validation of an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying thyreostats in urine without derivatisation. J Chromatogr A 2010, 1217, 4285-4293.10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.03020471019
Search in Google Scholar
16. Vanden Bussche J., Vanhaecke L., Deceuninck Y., Wille K., Bekaert K., Le Bizec B., De Brabander H.F.: Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection of natural occurring thiouracil in urine of untreated livestock, domesticated animals and humans. Food Addit Contam 2011, 28, 166-172.10.1080/19440049.2010.54468121264786
Search in Google Scholar
17. Wozniak B., Matraszek-Zuchowska I., Zmudzki J., Jedziniak P., Korycinska B., Sielska K., Witek S., Klopot A.: Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with ion trap and triple quadrupole analyzers for determination of thyreostatic drugs in urine and muscle tissue. Anal Chim Acta 2011, 700, 155-166.10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.02121742128
Search in Google Scholar

Natural Occurrence of Thiouracil in Urine of Livestock in Poland

Abstract

Paradigm

My account