Have a personal or library account? Click to login
The algorithm for determination of necessary characteristics of backfill materials used for grounding resistances of grounding loops reduction Cover

The algorithm for determination of necessary characteristics of backfill materials used for grounding resistances of grounding loops reduction

Open Access
|Dec 2012

References

  1. [1] Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding, ANSI/IEEE Std. 80, 1986.
  2. [2] Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding, ANSI/IEEE Std. 80, 2000.
  3. [3] BRANDENBURSKY, V.-FARBER, A.-KORJ, V.- BRAUNSHTEIN, A. : Ground Resistance Calculation for Small Concrete Foundations,Electr. Pow. Syst.Res. 81 (2011),408-413.10.1016/j.epsr.2010.10.017
  4. [4] SALAMA, M. M. A.-ELSHERBINY, M. M.-CHOW, Y. L.-KIM, K. C. : Calculation and Interpretation of a Ground- ing Grid in Two-Layer Earth with the Synthetic-Asymptote Approach, Electr. Pow. Syst. Res. 35 (1995), 157-165.10.1016/0378-7796(95)01001-7
  5. [5] MOMBELLO, E.-TRAD, O.-RIVERA, J.-ANDREONI, A. : Two-Layer Soil Model for Power Station Grounding System Calculation Considering Multilayer Soil Stratification, Electr. Pow. Syst. Res. 37 (1996), 67-78.10.1016/0378-7796(96)01042-5
  6. [6] KOSTIC, M. B. : Analysis of Foundation Grounding Systems with External Loops and Rods, IEE Proc C 140 (1993), 73-76.
  7. [7] KOSTIC, M. B. : Parametric Analysis of Foundation Grounding Systems Surrounded by Two-Layer Soil, IEEE T. Power Deliver 9 (1994), 1406-1411.10.1109/61.311169
  8. [8] KOSTIC, M. B. : Analysis of Complex Grounding Systems Con- sisting of Foundation Grounding Systems with External Grids, IEEE T. Power Deliver 13 (1998), 752-756.10.1109/61.686970
  9. [9] NAHMAN, J.-SKULETIC, S. : Resistances to Ground and Mesh Voltages of Ground Grids, Proc. IEE 126 (1979), 57-61.
  10. [10] CHOW, Y. L.-ELSHABINY, M. M.-SALAMA, M. M. A. : A fast and Accurate Analysis of Grounding Resistance of a Driven Rodbed in a Two-Layer Soil, IEEE T. Power Deliver. 11 (1996), 808-814.10.1109/61.517487
  11. [11] KOSTIC, M. B.-RADAKOVIC, Z. R.-RADOVANOVIC, N. S. TOMASEVIC-CANOVIC, M. R. : Improvement of Electrical Properties of Grounding Loops by using Bentonite and Waste Drilling Mud, IEE P. Gener.Transm. D. 146 (1999), 1-6.10.1049/ip-gtd:19990057
  12. [12] JONES, W. R. : Bentonite Rods Assure Ground Rod Installa- tion in Problem Soils, IEEE T. Power Ap. Syst. PAS-99 (1980), 1343-1346.10.1109/TPAS.1980.319556
  13. [13] RADAKOVIC, Z. R.-KOSTIC, M. B. : Behaviour of Ground- ing Loop with Bentonite During a Ground Fault at an Overhead Line Tower, IEE P. Gener. Transm. D. 148 (2001), 275-278.10.1049/ip-gtd:20010407
  14. [14] KUTTER, H.-LANGE,W. : Grounding Improvement by using Bentonite, Elektrie 21 (1967), 421-424.
  15. [15] JASNI, J.-SIOW,-Ab KADIR, M. Z. A.-Wan AHMAD, W. F. : Natural Materials as Grounding Filler for Lightning Protec- tion System, 30th International Conference on Lightning Pro- tection - ICLP 2010, Cagliari, Italy, September 13-17, 2010.10.1109/ICLP.2010.7845832
  16. [16] EDUFUL, G. COLE, J. E.-OKYERE, P. Y. : Optimum Mix of Ground Electrodes and Conductive Backfills to Achieve a Low Ground Resistance, 2nd International Conference on Adap- tive Science & Technology, Accra, Ghana, 14-16 Jan 2009, pp. 140-145.10.1109/ICASTECH.2009.5409734
  17. [17] KUMARASINGHE, N. : A Low Cost Lightning Protection Sys- tem and its Effectiveness, 20th International Lightning Detec- tion Conference, Tucson, Arizona, April 2008.
  18. [18] CHEN, L. H.-CHEN, J. F.-LIANG, T. J.-WANG, W. I. : A Study of Grounding Resistance Reduction Agent using Gran- ulated Blast Furnace Slag, IEEE T. Power Deliver 19 (2004), 973-978.10.1109/TPWRD.2004.829127
  19. [19] CHEN, L. H.-CHENG, C. K.-CHEN, J. F. : An Experimental Study on the Electrical Properties of Fly Ash in the Grounding System, International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Sys- tems 7 No. 2 (2006)), Article 7.10.2202/1553-779X.1284
  20. [20] CHEN, L. H.-CHEN, J. F.-LIANG, T. J.-WANG, W. I. : A Research on used Quantity of Ground Resistance Reduction Agent for Ground Systems, European Transactions on Electrical Power 20 (2010), 408-421.10.1002/etep.384
  21. [21] Al-ARAINY, A. A.-MALIK, N. H.-QURESHI, M. I.- KHAN, Y. : Grounding Pit Optimization using Low Resistivity Materials for Applications in High Resistivity Soils, Interna- tional Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 12 No. 1 (2011), Article 3.10.2202/1553-779X.2591
  22. [22] JIN, J. : The Finite Element Method in Electromagnetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2002.
  23. [23] ZIENKIEWICZ, O. C.-TAYLORR. L.-ZHU, J. Z. : The Fi- nite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals, Elsevier, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2005.
  24. [24] SILVESTER, P. P.-FERRARI, R. L. : Finite Elements for Electrical Engineers, Cambridge University Press, 1996.10.1017/CBO9781139170611
  25. [25] NAHMAN, J.-PAUNOVIC, I. : Resistance to Earth of Earth- ing Grids Buried in Multi-Layer Soil, Electr. Eng. 88 (2006), 281-287.10.1007/s00202-004-0282-y
  26. [26] NAHMAN, J.-PAUNOVIC, I. : Effects of the Local Soil Nonuniformity upon Performances of Ground Grids, IEEE T. Power Deliver 22 (2007), 2180-2184.10.1109/TPWRD.2007.905284
  27. [27] NAHMAN, J.-PAUNOVIC, I. : Mesh voltages at Earthing Grids Buried in Multi-Layer Soil, Electr. Pow. Syst. Res. 80 (2010), 556-561.10.1016/j.epsr.2009.10.017
  28. [28] ZIENKIEWICZ, O. C.-EMSON, C.-BETTESS, P. : A Novel Boundary Infinite Element, Int. J. Numer.Meth. Eng. 19 (1983), 393-404. 10.1002/nme.1620190307
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10187-012-0055-1 | Journal eISSN: 1339-309X | Journal ISSN: 1335-3632
Language: English
Page range: 373 - 379
Published on: Dec 29, 2012
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 6 issues per year

© 2012 Jovan Trifunović, published by Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.