References
- Antoniades L, MacGregor AJ, Andrew T, Spector TD. (2003). Association of birth weight with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis in adult twins. Rheumatology 42: 791-796.
- Baek WY and Kim JE. (2011). Transcriptional regulation of bone formation. Front Biosci 3: 126-135.
- Bass S, Pearce G, Bradney M, Hendrich E, Delmas PD, Harding A, et al. (1998). Exercise before puberty may confer residual benefits in bone density in adulthood: studies in active prepubertal and retired female gymnasts. J Bone Miner Res 13: 500-507.
- Bateson P. (2001). Fetal experience and good adult design. Int J Epidemiol 30: 928-934.
- Biniszkiewicz D, Gribnau J, Ramsahoye B et al. (2002). Dnmt1 overexpression causes genomic hypermethylation, loss of imprinting, and embryonic lethality. Mol Cell Biol 22: 2124-2213.
- Bird A. (2001). DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory. Genes Dev 16: 6-21.
- Burton GJ, Hempstock J, Jauniaux E. (2001). Nutrition of the human fetus during the first trimester - a review. Placenta 22 (Suppl. A) S70-S7710.1053/plac.2001.063911312634
- Cooney CA, Dave AA, Wolff GL. (2002). Maternal methyl supplements in mice affect epigenetic variation and DNA methylation of offspring. J Nutr 132: 2393-2400.
- Cooper C, Westlake S, Harvey N, Javaid K, Dennison E, Hanson M. (2006). Developmental origins of osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporos Int 17: 337-347.
- Cooper GS and Umbach DM. (1996). Are vitamin D receptor polymorphisms associated with bone mineral density? A meta-analysis. J Bone Miner Res 11: 1841-1849.
- Coopere C, Eriksson JG, Forsen T, Osmond C, Tuomilehto J, Barker DJP. (2001). Maternal height, childhood growth and risk of hip fracture in later life: a longitudinal study. Osteoporosis Int 12: 623-629.
- Dennison EM, Syddall HE, Fall CH, Javaid MK, Arden NK, Phillips DIW, Cooper C. (2004). Plasma Leptin Concentration and Change in Bone Density among Elderly Men and Women: The Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Calcif Tissue Int 74: 401-406.
- Dennison E, Hindmarsh P, Fall C, Kellingray S, Barker D, Phillips D, Cooper C. (1999). Profiles of endogenous circulating cortisol and bone mineral density in healthy elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 3058-3063.
- Ensrud KE, Taylor BC, Paudel ML Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study Group. (2009). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and rate of hip bone loss in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 2773-2780.
- Ferrari SL, Karasik D, Liu J, Karamohamed S, Herbert AG, Cupples LA, Kiel DP. (2004). Interactions of interleukin-6 promoter polymorphisms with dietary and lifestyle factors and their association with bone mass in men and women from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res 19: 552-559.
- Ferreira JC, Choufani S, Grafodatskaya D, Butcher DT, Zhao C, et al. (2011). WNT2 promoter methylation in human placenta is associated with low birth weight percentile in the neonate. Epigenetics 6: 440-449.
- Gluckman PD, Hanson MA, Cooper C et al. (2008). Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease. N Eng J Med 359: 61-73.
- Gupta A, Välimäki VV, Välimäki M, Löyttyniemi E, et al. (2008). Variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in parathyroid hormone-related protein as predictor of peak bone mass in young healthy Finnish males. Eur J Endocrinol 158: 755-764.
- Harvey N, Dennison E, Cooper C. (2008). Epidemiology of osteoporotic fracture, in: Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism (Favus MJ ed) pp 198-203, ASMBR, Washington, 7th ed.
- Hunter DJ. (2005). Gene-environment interactions in human diseases. Nat Rev Genet 6: 287-298.
- Javaid MK, Crozier SR, Harvey NC et al. (2006). Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and childhood bone mass at age 9 years: a longitudinal study. Lancet 367: 36-43.
- Javaid MK, Godfrey KM, Taylor P, Robinson SM, Crozier SR et al. (2005). Umbilical cord leptin predicts neonatal bone mass. Calcif Tissue Int 76: 341-347.
- Javaid MK, Godfrey KM, Taylor P, Shore SR, Breier B, Arden NK, Cooper C. (2004). Umbilical venous IGF-1 concentration, neonatal bone mass, and body composition. J Bone Miner Res 19: 56-63.
- Jiang YH, Bressler J, Beaudet AL. (2004). Epigenetics and human disease. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 5: 479-510.
- Kimball S, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Vieth R. (2008). Vitamin D: a growing perspective. Clinical Laboratory Sciences 45: 339-414.
- Koller DL, Liu G, Econs MJ, Morin P, Christian JC, et al. (2001). Genome screen for quantities trail loci underlying normal variation in femoral structure. J Bone Miner Res 15 (Suppl.1): 1094.
- Koller DL, Econs M J, Rodriguez LA, Christian JC, et al. (2000). Genome screen for QTLs contributing to normal variation in bone mineral density and osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 3116-3120.
- Lillycrop KA, Slater-Jefferies JL, Hanson MA et al. (2007). Induction of altered epigenetic regulation of the hepatic glucocorticoid receptor in the offspring of rats fed a protein-restricted diet during pregnancy suggests that reduced DNA methyltransferase-1 expression is involved in impaired DNA methylation and changes in histone modifications. Br J Nutr 97: 1064-1073.
- Long JR, Xiong DH, Recker RR, Deng HW. (2005). The genetics of osteoporosis. Drugs Today (Barc) 41: 205-218.
- Martin R, Harvey NC, Crozier SR, et al. (2007). Placental calcium transporter (PMCA3) gene expression predicts intrauterine bone mineral accrual. Bone 40: 1203-1208.
- Matsubara T, Kida K, Yamaguchi A, Hata K, Ichida F et al. (2008). BMP2 regulates osterix through Msx2 and Runx2 during osteoblast differentiation. J Biol Chem 283: 29119-2912510.1074/jbc.M801774200266201218703512
- Morgan HD, Santos F, Green K, Dean W, Reik W. (2005). Epigenetic reprogramming in mammals. Hum Mol Genet 14: 47-58.
- Namgung R, Tsang RC. (2003). Bone in the pregnant mother and newborn at birth. Clin Chim Acta 333: 1-11.
- Nelissen EC, van Montfoort AP, Dumoulin JC, Evers JL. (2011). Epigenetics and the placenta. Hum Reprod Update 17: 397-417.
- Nissenson RA, Jüppner H. (2009). Parathyroid hormone, in: Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism, pp 123-127, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, (NJ).10.1002/9780470623992.ch25
- Ralston SH. (2010). Genetics of osteoporosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1192: 181-189.
- Reneland RH, Mah S, Kammerer S, Hoyal CR, Marnellos G, Wilson SG, Sambrook PN et al. (2005). Association between a variation in the phosphodiesterase 4D gene and bone mineral density. BMC Med Genet 6: 9.
- Scillitani A, Jang C, Wong BY, Hendy GN, Cole DE, et al. (2006). A functional polymorphism in the PTHR1 promoter region is associated with adult height and BMD measured at the femoral neck in a large cohort of young caucasian women. Hum Genet 119: 416-421.
- Sundar IK and Rahman I. (2011). Vitamin D and susceptibility of chronic lung diseases: role of epigenetics. Front Pharmacology 2: 1-10.
- Tabano S, Colapietro P, Cetin I, Grati FR, Zanutto S, et al. (2011). Epigenetic modulation of the IGF2/H19 imprinted domain in human embryonic and extra-embryonic compartments and its possible role in fetal growth restriction. Epigenetics 16: 313-24.
- Tang W, Ho S. (2007). Epigenetic reprogramming and imprinting in origins of disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 8: 173-182.
- Vilariño-Güell C, Miles LJ, Duncan EL, Ralston SH. (2007). PTHR1 polymorphisms influence BMD variation through effects on the growing skeleton. Calcif Tissue Int 81: 270-278.
- Weaver IC, Cervoni N, Champagne FA, D'Alessio AC, Sharma S, Seckl JR, Dymov S, Szyf M, Meaney MJ. (2004). Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior. Nat Neurosci 7: 847-854.
- Williams FM, Spector TD. (2006). Recent advances in the genetics of osteoporosis. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 6: 27-35.
- Winsloe C, Earl S, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Harvey NC. (2009). Early life factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 7: 140-144.
- Xiong DH, Liu XG, Guo YF, Tan LJ, Wang L, Sha BY, Tang ZH. (2009). Genome-wide association and follow-up replication studies identified ADAMTS18 and TGFBR3 as bone mass candidate genes in different ethnic groups. Am J Hum Genet 84: 388-398.