Abstract
The contact of a biomaterial with the biological environment in in vitro and in vivo tests leads to the production of a particular ecosystem in which the active roles perform both, the material surface and the extracellular matrix protein forming a biofilm. Proteins affect cell and bacteria adhesion processes, biological activity of cells and activation of inflammatory response.
The knowledge of the reaction mechanisms active on the surface of the material and the contacting tissues enables definite modification of the material surface layer eliminating their disadvantages, giving new, desired properties, affecting the biology of cells. Testing the biocompatibility of titanium materials emphasises their reactivity with proteins and cells and the possibility of modifying the biological reactivity of the surface by changing its properties by biochemical and surface engineering methods. This article presents results of previous studies on this problem.