References
- Āboliņa, K., Zīlāns, A. (2002). Evaluation of urban sustainability in specific sectors in Latvia. Environ. Devel. Sustain., 4, 299-314.
- Aitken, S. C. (1990). Local Evaluations of Neighborhood Change. Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geogr., 80(2), 247-267.
- Andranovich, G. D., Riposa, G. (1993). Doing Urban Research. Newbury Park: Sage. 107 pp.
- Anonymous (1994). Creating Rural Indicator—for Shaping Territorial Policy. Paris: OECD.
- Antrop, M. (2000). Changing Patterns in the Urbanized Countryside of Western Europe. Landsc. Ecol., 15, pp. 257-270.
- Apsītis, V. (2000). Latvijas arhitektūra astoņdesmit gados (1920-2000) [Eighty Years of Latvian Architecture (1920-2000)]. LZA Vēstis, Section A, 54(1/2), 82-89. (in Latvian).
- Basten, L. (2004). Perceptions of urban space in the periphery: Potsdam's Kirchsteigfeld. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 95(1), 89-99.
- Bauls, A., Krišjāne, Z. (2000). Latvian population mobility in the transition period. Folia Geographica, 8, 24-35.
- Bell, S., Penēze, Z., Nikodemus, O., Montarzino, A., Grīne, I. (2007). The Value of the Latvian rural landscape. In Roca, Z., Spek, T., Terknelli, T., Plieninger, T., Höchtl, F. (eds.), European Landscapes and Lifestyles: The Mediterranean and Beyond (pp. 347-362). Lisbon: Ediēões Universitįris Lusófonas.
- Bowler, I. (2005). Rural alternatives. In Daniels, P. (ed.), An Introduction to Human Geography: Issues for the 21st Century (pp. 230-245). Harlow: Prentice Hall.
- Brown, L., Cromartie J. B. (2004). The Nature of Rurality in Postindustrial Society. In Champion, T., Graeme, H. (eds.), New Forms of Urbanization: Beyond the Urban-Rural Dichotomy (pp. 269-283). Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Bryant, C. R., Russwurm, L. H., McLellan, A. G. (1982). The City's Countryside: Land and its Management in the Rural—Urban Fringe. London: Longman, 249 pp.
- Bunce, M. (1994). The Countryside Ideal: Anglo-American Images of Landscape. London: Routledge. 232 pp.
- Bunkše, E. V. (1979). The role of humane environment in Soviet urban planning. Geogr. Rev., 69(4), 379-394.
- Bunkše, E. V. (1992). God, Thine Earth is burning: Nature attitudes and the Latvian drive for independence, GeoJournal, 26(2), 203-209.
- Bunkše, E. V. (1999). Reality of rural landscape symbolism in the formation of a post-Soviet, postmodern Latvian identity. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 53, 121-138.
- Bunkše, E. V. (2001). The case of the missing sublime in Latvian landscape aesthetics and ethics. Ethics Place Environ., 4(3), 235-246.
- Campbell, H. (2003). Planning for the countryside in the 21st century (but which and whose countryside?). Plan. Theory Pract., 4(1), 75-76.
- Carr, M. (1997). New Patterns: Process and Change in Human Geography. Walton-on-Thames: Nelson. 525 pp.
- Champion, T., Hugo, G. (2004). Introduction: Moving beyond the urban-rural dichotomy. In Champion, T., Graeme, H. (eds.), New Forms of Urbanization: Beyond the Urban-Rural Dichotomy (pp. 3-24). Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Claval, P. (2007). The nature of cities and the analysis of their cultural problems. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 98(2), 153-164.
- Donis, J. (2003). Designating a greenbelt around the city of Riga, Latvia. Urban Forestry Urban Greenery, 2, 31-39.
- Dwyer, J. F., Childs, G. M. (2004). Movement of people across the landscape: A blurring of distinctions between areas, interests, and issues affecting natural resource management. Landsc. Urban Plan., 69, 153-164.
- Eglīte, P. (2000). The dynamics of Latvia's urban and rural population at the end of the 20th century. Folia Geographica, 8, 36-46.
- Francis, I. (2002). Iedzīvotāju un strādājošo teritoriālā izvietojuma īpatnības Rīgā [Location of population and employment in Riga]. Folia Geographica, 10, 90-106.
- Funnell, D. C. (1988). Urban-Rural linkages: Research themes and directions. Geogr. Ann., Series B: Human Geography, 70(2), 267-274.
- Gallent, N, Shoard, M., Andersson, J., Oades, R., Tudor, C. (2004). England's urban fringes: Multi-functionality and planning. Local Environ., 9(3), 217-233.
- Goodwin, M., Cloke, P., Milbourne P. (1995). Regulation theory and rural research: Theorising contemporary rural change. Environ. Plan. A, 27, 1245-1260
- Granberg, L. (1999). Introduction. Rurality in Northern Europe. Sociol. Rur., 39(3), 277-279.
- Grava, S. (1993). The urban heritage of the Soviet regime: The case of Riga, Latvia. J. Amer. Plan. Assoc., 59(1), 9-30.
- Hahs, A. K., McDonnell, M. J. (2006). Selecting independent measures to quantify Melbourne's urban-rural gradient. Landsc. Urban Plan., 78, 435-448.
- Halfacree, K. (1993). Locality and social representation: Space, discourse, and alternative definitions of rural. J. Rural Studies, 9(1), 23-37.
- Halfacree, K. (2004). Rethinking ‘rurality’. In Champion, T., Graeme H. (eds.), New Forms of Urbanization: Beyond the Urban-Rural Dichotomy (pp. 285-304). Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Harrington, V., O'Donoghue (1998). Rurality in England and Wales 1991: A replication and extension of the 1981 Rurality Index. Sociologia Ruralis, 38(2), pp. 178-203.
- Harrison, C. M., Burgess, J. (1994). Social constructions of nature: a case study of conflicts over the development of Rainham marshes. Transact. Instit. Brit. Geogr., 19, 291-310.
- Hart, J. F. (1998). The Rural Landscape. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 401 pp.
- Haugen, M. S., Lysgard, H. K. (2006). Discourses of rurality in a Norwegian context. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 60, 174-178.
- Herslund, L. (2007). Rural diversification in the Baltic countryside: a local perspective. GeoJournal, 70(1), 47-59.
- Hidding, M. C., Teunissen (2002). Beyond fragmentation: New concepts for urban-rural development. Landsc. Urban Plan., 58, 297-308.
- Hidding, M., Needham, B., Wisserhof, J. (2000). Discourses of town and country. Landsc. Urban Plan., 48, 121-130.
- Hidle, K., Cruickshank, J., Nesje, L. M. (2006). Market, commodity, resource, and strength: Logics of Norwegian rurality. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 60, 189-198.
- Hill, M. (2003). Rural Settlement and Urban Impact on the Countryside. London: Hodder and Stoughton. 128 pp.
- Hoggart, K. (1990). Lets do away with rural. J. Rural Studies, 6, 245-257.
- Hopkins, J. (1998). Signs of the post-rural: Marketing myths of a symbolic countryside. Geografiska Annaler B, 80(2), 65-81.
- Hugo, G., Champion, A., Lattes, A. (2003). Towards a new conceptualization of settlements for demography. Popul. Develop. Rev., 29(2), 277-297.
- Jones, G. A. (2004). Bridging the rural-urban divide: What can the urban learn from the rural? Reflections on the case of Mexico. In Hamza, M. (ed.), From Welfare to Market Economy: Policy Shifts in Urban Development (pp. 123-145). London: Earthscan Publication.
- Jones, O. (1995). Lay discourses of the rural: Developments and implications for rural studies. J. Rural Studies, 11(1), 35-49.
- Kolbe, L. (2007). Central and Eastern European capital cities: Interpreting www-pages—History, symbols and identity. Planning Perspectives, 22, 79-111.
- Krišjāne, Z. (2001). Jaunas iezīmes Latvijas mazo pilsētu attīstībā [New trends in the development of small towns of Latvia]. Folia Geographica, IX, 33-41.
- Lacour, C., Puissant, S. (2007). Re-urbanity: Urbanising the rural and ruralising the urban. Environ. Plan. A, 39, 728-747.
- Lee, L. (1979). Factors affecting land-use change at urban-rural fringe. Growth and Change, 10(4), 25-31.
- Lefebvre, H. (1991). The Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell, 454 pp.
- Lieven, A. (1993). The Baltic Revolution. New Haven: Yale University Press, 454 pp.
- Lynch, K. (2004). Rural-Urban Interaction in the Developing World. London: Routledge. 209 pp.
- Mann, P. H. (1965). An Approach to Urban Sociology. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 232 pp.
- McDonnell, M. J., Pickett, S. T. A. (1990). Ecosystem structure and function along urban-rural gradients: An unexploited opportunity for ecology. Ecology, 71(4), 1232-1237.
- Melluma, A. (1994). Metamorphoses of Latvian landscapes during fifty years of Soviet rule. GeoJournal, 33(1), 55-62.
- Muilu, T., Rusanen, J. (2004). Changes in population and industries in the rural areas of Finland: From analysis of administrative regions to GIS based approach. In Banski, J. (ed.), Changing Functions of Rural Areas in the Baltic Sea Region (pp. 109-117). Warsaw: Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics and Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization.
- Nikodemus, O., Bell, S. Grīne, I., Liepiņš I. (2005). The impact of economic, social and political factors on the landscape structure of the Vidzeme Uplands in Latvia. Landscape and Urban Planning, 70, 57-67.
- Pahl, R. E. (1966). The rural-urban continuum. Sociologia Ruralis, 6, 299-329.
- Paine, S. (1978). Some reflections on the presence of ‘rural’ or of ‘urban bias’ in China's development policies 1949-1976. World Development, 6, 693-707.
- Richardson, T. (2000). Discourses of rurality in EU spatial policy: The European spatial development perspective. Sociologia Ruralis, 40(1), 53-71.
- Rozīte, M., Priedāja-Klepere, L. (2004). The Importance of Latvia's Cities in Tourism. Folia Geographica, 12, 74-83.
- Ryan R. L. (2006). Comparing the attitudes of local residents, planners, and developers about preserving rural character in New England. Landsc. Urban Plan., 75(1-2), 5-22.
- Schwartz, K. Z. S. (2005). Wild horses in a "European Wilderness": Imagining sustainable development in the post-Soviet countryside. Cult. Geogr., 12, 292-320.
- Schwartz, K. Z. S. (2007). "The occupation of beauty": Imagining nature and nation in Latvia. East Eur. Polit. Soc., 21(2), 259-293.
- Schwartz, K. Z. S. (2006). "Masters in our native place": The politics of Latvian National Parks on the road from communism to "Europe". Polit. Geogr., 25, 42-71.
- Shubin, S. (2006). The changing nature of rurality and rural studies in Russia. J. Rural Studies, 22(4), 422-440.
- Simmons, C. S., Sorrensen, C., Walker, R. (2002). Urban rural linkages and environmental change: Addressing the human dynamics of urban ecologies. Urban Ecosyst., 6, 5-8.
- Šķiņķis, P., Stankevič V. (1999). Latvijas pilsētu sociāli geogrāfiskās atšķirības [Social structural differences of urban areas in Latvia]. Folia Geographica, 7, 94-115.
- Sorokin, P. A., Zimmerman, C. C. (1929). Principles of Rural-Urban Sociology. New York: Holt. 652 pp.
- Swain, N. (2000). The Rural Transition in Post-Socialist Central Europe and the Balkans. Halle: Max Planck Institute for Social Antropology. 26 pp.
- Tacoli C. (1998). Rural-urban interactions: a guide to the literature. Environ. Urbaniz., 10 (1), 147-166.
- Taff, G. (2005). Conflict between global and local land-use values in Latvia's Gauja National Park. Landsc. Res., 30(3), 415-430.
- Tammaru, T. (2001). Suburban growth and suburbanization under central planning: The case of Soviet Estonia. Urban Studies, 38(8), 1341-1357.
- Theobald D. M. (2004). Placing exurban land-use change in a human modification framework. Frontiers Ecol. Environ., 2(3), 139-144.
- Thorns, D. C. (2002). The Transformation of Cities: Urban Theory and Urban Life. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 258 pp.
- Tilt, J. H., Kearney, A. R., Bradley, G. (2007). Understanding rural character: Cognitive and visual perceptions, Landsc. Urban Plan., 81, 14-26.
- Tisenkopfs, T. (1999). Rurality as a created field: Towards an integrated rural development in Latvia? Sociologia Ruralis, 39(3), 411-430.
- Tjallingii, S. P. (2000). Ecology on the edge: Landscape and ecology between town and country. Landsc. Urban Plan., 48, 103-119.
- Tonnies, F. (1889, 2001). Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft. In Harris, J. (ed.), Community and Civil Society (pp. 3-246). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Unwin, T. (1998). Rurality and construction of the nation in Estonia. In Picles, J., Smith, A. (eds.), Theorizing Transition: The Political Economy of Post-Communist Transformations (pp. 284-306). London: Routledge.
- Tress, B., Tress, G., Decamps, H., d'Hauteserre, A.-M. (2001). Editorial: Bridging human and natural sciences in landscape research. Landsc. Urban Plan., 57, 137-141.
- Tuan, Y.-F. (1978). The city: Its distance from nature. Geogr. Rev., 68(1), 1-12.
- Unwin, T. (1999). Contested reconstruction of national identities in Eastern Europe: Landscape implications. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 53, 113-120.
- Wilson, G. A. (2001). From productivism to post-productivism…and back again? Exploring the (un)changed natural and mental landscapes of European agriculture. Transact. Instit. Brit. Geogr., 26(1), 77-102.
- Wirth, L. (1938). Urbanism as way of life. Amer. J. Sociol., 44(1), 1-24.
- Cloke, P. (1996). Rural life-styles: Material opportunity, cultural experience, and how theory can undermine policy. Econ. Geogr., 72(4), 433-449.
- Cloke, P. J. (1979). Key Settlements in Rural Areas. London: Methuen. 259 pp.
- Cloke, P. J., Park, C. C. (1985). Rural Resource Management. London: Croom Helm. 473 pp.
- Cloke, P., Johnston, R. (2005). Deconstructing human geography's binaries. In Cloke, P., Johnston, R. (eds.), Spaces of Geographical Thought: Deconstructing Human Geography's Binaries (pp. 1-41). London: Sage Publications
- Coombes, M., Raybould, S. (2001). Public policy and population distribution: Developing appropriate indicators of settlement patterns. Environ. Plan. C: Government and Policy, 19, 223-248.
- Penēze, Z., Nikodemus, O., Grīne, I., Rasa, I., Bell, S. (2004). Local changes in the landscape structure of Kurzeme during the 20th century. Folia Geographica, 12, 56-64.
- Pfuderer, S. (2003). Rural Development Statistics in Selected ECE Countries. UNECE. Retrieved 10.02.2008 www.unece.org/stats/documents/ces/ac.61/2003/21.e.pdf
- Phillips, M., Fish R., Agg, J. (2001). Putting together ruralities: Towards a symbolic analysis of rurality in the British mass media. J. Rural Studies, 17, 1-27.
- Plowden, B. (1995). Measuring the Unmeasurable: Twenty Indicators for the Countryside. CPRE. London: Council for the Protection of Rural England.
- Pumain, D., Saint-Julien, T., Cattan, N., Rozenblat, C. (1992). The Statistical Concept of the Town in Europe. Luxemburg: EUROSTAT. 91 pp.