Infrahepatic caudal/inferior vena cava interruption with azygos/hemiazygos continuation. Vascular anomaly in swine

Miran Jeromel; Dusan Pavcnik

doi:10.2478/v10019-010-0029-5

.blurhash-client-img { display: none !important; }

Infrahepatic caudal/inferior vena cava interruption with azygos/hemiazygos continuation. Vascular anomaly in swine

Radiology and Oncology

Volume 44 (2010): Issue 3 (September 2010)

By: Miran Jeromel and Dusan Pavcnik

Open Access

|May 2010

Abstract

Background. Swine are commonly used as a model to study congenital cardiovascular defects that occur in humans and these models have been both spontaneous and experimentally induced. Ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and atrial septal defect (ASD) are examples of experimentally induced models. Absence of caudal/ inferior vena cava (CVC/IVC) with azygos/hemiazygos continuation is an uncommon vascular anomaly.

Case report. The vascular anomaly presented in this case report was an incidental finding on a pig that was evaluated for experimental percutaneous atrial septal defect creation and its closure using a percutaneous femoral vein approach. Absence of CVC/IVC was confirmed by venography and necropsy.

Conclusions. To the best of the investigators knowledge, this is the first report of absence of CVC/IVC with azygos/hemiazygos continuation in the swine.

References

Swindle MM, Thompson RP, Carabello BA, Smith AC, Green CT, Gillette PC. Congenital cardiovascular disease. In: Swindle MM, editor. Swine as models in biomedical research. Ames: Iowa State University Press, Inc; 1992. p. 176-84.
Search in Google Scholar
Wei Lu, Pavcnik D, Uchida B, Park WK, Liu L, Timmermans HA, et al. The ovine jugular vein as a model for interventional radiology procedures. Radiol Oncol 2008; 42: 59-65.10.2478/v10019-008-0004-6
Search in Google Scholar
Dondelinger RF, Ghysels MP, Brisbois D, Donkers E, Snaps FR, Saunders J, et al. Relevant radiological anatomy of the pig as trining model in interventional radiology. Eur Radiol 1998; 8: 1254-73.10.1007/s003300050545
Search in Google Scholar
Miller ME Veins. In: Evans HE, Christensen GC, editors. Miller's anatomy of the dog. 2th edition. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1979. p. 757-801.
Search in Google Scholar
Kutlu R. Obliterative hepatocavopathy - ultrasound and cavography findings. Radiol Oncol 2008; 42: 181-6.10.2478/v10019-008-0020-6
Search in Google Scholar
Timmers GJ, Falke TH, Rauwerda JA, Huijgens PC. Deep vein thrombosis as a presenting symptom of congenital interruption of the inferior vena cava. Int J Clin Pract 1999; 53: 75-6.
Search in Google Scholar
Chuang VP, Mena CE, Hoskins PA. Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava. Review of embryogenesis and presentation of a simplified classification. Br J Radiol 1974; 47: 206-13.10.1259/0007-1285-47-556-206
Search in Google Scholar
Anderson RC, Adams P, Burke B. Anomalous inferior vena cava with azygos continuation (infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava). J Pediatr 1961; 59: 370-83.10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80291-6
Search in Google Scholar
Gayer G, Zissin R, Strauss S, Hertz M. IVC anomalies and right renal aplasia detected on CT: a possible link? Abdom Imaging 2003; 28: 395-9.10.1007/s00261-002-0090-7
Search in Google Scholar
Roguin N, Lam M, Frenkel A, Front D. Radionuclide angiography of azygos continuation of inferior vena cava in left atrial isomerism (polysplenia syndrome). Clin Nucl Med 1987; 12: 708-10.10.1097/00003072-198709000-00006
Search in Google Scholar
Arakawa A, Nagata Y, Miyagi S, Takahashi M. Interruption of inferior vena cava with anomalous continuations. J Comput Tomogr 1987; 11: 341-5.10.1016/0149-936X(87)90069-5
Search in Google Scholar
Balkanci F, Ozmen MN. Case report: interruption of inferior vena cava with anomalous intrahepatic continuation. Br J Radiol 1993; 66: 457-9.10.1259/0007-1285-66-785-4578319069
Search in Google Scholar
Abrams HL, Meyerovitz MF. The vertebral and azygos veins. In: In Baum S. Abram's angiography. 4th edition. Boston: Little, Brown and Company; 1997. p. 891-914.
Search in Google Scholar
Paramanathan A, Bapahla AS, Padmanabhan K, Dhar SR. An unusual cause of a right paratracheal mass. Chest 1994; 106: 1626-8.10.1378/chest.106.6.18677988213
Search in Google Scholar
Barack BM. Persistence of the cardinal veins and thrombosis: CT demonstration. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1986; 10: 327-8.10.1097/00004728-198603000-00032
Search in Google Scholar
Hamoud S, Nitecky S, Engel A, Goldsher D, Hayek T. Hypoplasia of the inferior vena cava with azygos continuation presenting as recurrent leg deep vein thrombosis. Am J Med Sci 2000; 319: 414-46.10.1016/S0002-9629(15)40784-0
Search in Google Scholar
Obernosterer A, Aschauer M, Schnedl W, Lipp RW. Anomalies of the inferior vena cava in patients with iliac venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 37-4110.7326/0003-4819-136-1-200201010-0000911777362
Search in Google Scholar
Sardi A, Minken SL. The placement of intracaval filters in an anomalous (left-sided) vena cava. J Vasc Surg 1987; 6: 84-6.10.1067/mva.1987.avs00600843599284
Search in Google Scholar
Kler TS, Bhatia A, Saxena A, Sardana R, Arora V. Catheter ablation of left free wall accessory pathway in a patient with inferior vena cava interruption. Indian Heart J 2002; 54: 705-7.
Search in Google Scholar
Vijayvergiya R, Bhat MN, Kumar RM, Vivekanand SG, Grover A. Azygos continuation of interrupted inferior vena cava in association with sick sinus syndrome. Heart 2005; 91: 26.10.1136/hrt.2004.049866176882215772175
Search in Google Scholar
Wolfhard U, Splittgerber FH, Gocke P, Peidemeister JC. Bilateral inferior vena cava with azygos continuation but without congenital heart disease complicates routine venous cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass in an adult. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997; 45: 40-2.10.1055/s-2007-10136839089975
Search in Google Scholar
Pavcnik D, Tekulve K, Uchida BT, Pavcnik Arnol M, VanAlstine W, Keller FS, et al. Biodisk: A new device for closure of patent foramen ovale. A feasibility study in swine. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 75: 861-7.
Search in Google Scholar