Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Temporal and Vehicle Impacts on Delivery Emissions in Urban Logistics: A Case Study of Rome Cover

Temporal and Vehicle Impacts on Delivery Emissions in Urban Logistics: A Case Study of Rome

Open Access
|Nov 2025

References

  1. Akyol, D. E., De Koster, R. B. (2018) Determining time windows in urban freight transport: A city cooperative approach. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, 118(C), 34-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2018.07.004.
  2. Ali, M., Daud Kamal, M., Tahir, A. & Atif, S. (2021) Fuel consumption monitoring through COPERT Model—A case study for urban sustainability. Sustainability, 13(21), 11614. DOI:10.3390/su132111614.
  3. Anon. (2024) Sustainable goods and logistics plan (PMLS) - Plan Document, Rome: Metropolitan City of Rome Capital (Piano delle merci e della logistica sostenibile (PMLS) - Documento di Piano, Rome: Città Metropolitana di Roma Capitale). Available at https://pums.cittametropolitanaroma.it/sites/default/files/inline-files/37_PMLS_Documento%20di%20Piano.pdf (in Italian).
  4. Bishop, G. A. (2021) Does California’s EMFAC2017 vehicle emissions model underpredict California light-duty gasoline vehicle NOx emissions? Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 71, 597-606. DOI:10.1080/10962247.2020.1869121.
  5. Bokhorst, M. V., Wijngaarden, L. v., Otten, M. & Hoen, A. (2017) Van use in Europe and their environmental impact, Delf: CE Delf. Available at https://www.transportenvironment.org/uploads/files/CE_Delft_4L06_Van_use_in_Europe_def.pdf.
  6. Colberg, C. A., Tona, B., Stahel, W., Meier, M., Staehelin, J. (2005) Comparison of a road traffic emission model (HBEFA) with emissions derived from measurements in the Gubrist road tunnel, Switzerland. Atmospheric Environment, 39(26), 4703-4714. DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.020.
  7. Condurat, M., Mihaela Nicuţă, A., Andrei, R. (2017) Environmental impact of road transport traffic. A case study for county of Iaşi road network. Procedia Engineering, 181, 123-130. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.379.
  8. de Vries, J., de Bruyn, S., Boerdijk, S., Bijleveld, M., van der Giesen, C., Odenhoven, N., van Santen, W., Pápai, S. (2024) Environmental prices handbook 2024: EU27 version, Delft: CE Delft. Available at: https://cedelft.eu/publications/environmental-prices-handbook-2024-eu27-version/.
  9. Deloison, T., Hanon, E., Huber, A., Heid, B., Klink, Ch., Sahay, R., Wolff, Ch. (2020) The Future of the last-mile ecosystem: Transition roadmaps for public- and private-sector players. Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum. Availabe at https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_the_last_mile_ecosystem.pdf.
  10. Ekström, M., Sjödin, Å. & Andreasson, K. (2004) Evaluation of the COPERT III emission model with on-road optical remote sensing measurements. Atmospheric Environment, 38(38), 6631-6641. DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.07.019.
  11. Figliozzi, M. A. (2011) The impacts of congestion on time-definitive urban freight distribution networks CO2 emission levels: Results from a case study in Portland, Oregon. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 19(5), 766-778. DOI:10.1016/j.trc.2010.11.002.
  12. Giordano, A., Fischbeck, P. & Matthews, H. S. (2018) Environmental and economic comparison of diesel and battery electric delivery vans to inform city logistics fleet replacement strategies. Transportation Research Part D, 64, 216-229. DOI:10.1016/j.trd.2017.10.003.
  13. González-Romero, I., Bastero-Sellán, J., Prado-Prado, J. C. (2025) Assessing the impact of time windows on last-mile sustainability: A scoreboard-based approach and case study analysis. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 18(1),100. DOI:10.3926/jiem.8575.
  14. Hammerl, A., Seshadri, R., Rasmussen, T. K. & Otto Anker, N. (2025) Using model predictive control to reduce traffic emissions on urban freeways. Transportation Research Part C. DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2506.13393.
  15. Holguín-Veras, J., Encarnación, T., Gonzalez-Calderon, C., Winebrake, J., Wang, C., Kyle, S., Herazo-Padilla, N., Kalahasthi, L., Adarme, W., Cantillo, V., Yoshizaki, H., Garrido, R. (2018) Direct impacts of off-hour deliveries on urban freight emissions. Transportation Research Part A, 84-103. DOI:10.1016/j.trd.2016.10.013.
  16. Jayol, A., Lejri, D., Leclercq, L. (2022) Routes alternatives with reduced emissions: Large-scale statistical analysis of probe vehicle data in Lyon. Atmosphere, 13(10), 1681. DOI:10.3390/atmos13101681.
  17. Kawsar, S., Biswas, S., Noor, M., Mamun, M. S. (2024) Investigating the applicability of COPERT 5.5 emission software in Bangladesh and developing countrywide vehicular emission inventories. Environmental Science: Atmospheres, 57-72. DOI:10.1039/D3EA00047H.
  18. Kellner, F. (2016) Exploring the impact of traffic congestion on CO2 emissions in freight distribution networks. Logistics Research, 9(1), 1-15. DOI:10.1007/s12159-016-0148-5.
  19. Koshy Varghese, K., Salesi, S., Bresciani Miristice, L.M., Gentile, G., Huseynov, A. (2024) Shortest path calibration: a framework for calibrating open-source networks with routing services. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2024 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), Italy, June 2024, IEEE, pp. 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/EEEIC/ICPSEurope61470.2024.10751209.
  20. LogicoPlus. (2025) The digital revolution in urban logistic (La rivoluzione digitale della logistica urbana.) Available at: https://movprojects.com/logicoplus (in Italian).
  21. Lu, H., Song, G., Zh., Q., Wang, J., He, W., Yu, L. (2018) An investigation of the uncertainty of handbook of emission factors for road transport (HBEFA) for estimating greenhouse gas emissions: A case study in Beijing. Transportation Research Record, 2672(25), 79-88. DOI: 10.1177/0361198118796710.
  22. Mądziel, M. (2023) Vehicle emission models and traffic simulators: A review. Energies, 16. DOI:10.20944/preprints202304.0568.v1.
  23. Mitrovikj, K. M., Skácel, F. (2019) Verification of traffic emission factors using measurements in a short tunnel in the Czech Republic. Atmósfera, 32(3), 213-223. DOI:10.20937/ATM.2019.32.03.04.
  24. Mommens, K., Lebeau, Ph., Verlinde, S., van Lier, T., Macharis, C. (2018) Evaluating the impact of off-hour deliveries: An application of the TRansport Agent-BAsed model. Transportation Research Part D, 102-111. DOI:10.1016/j.trd.2018.02.003.
  25. Mousavi, K., Khan, S., Saiyed, S., Amirjamshidi, G., Roorda, M. (2021) Pilot off-peak delivery program in the Region of Peel. Sustainability, 13, 246. DOI:10.3390/su13010246.
  26. Moving Projects. (2024) LogicoPlus Dashboard. Available at: https://logicoplus-dashboard.web.app.
  27. Ntziachristos, L., Gkatzoflias, D., Kouridis, C. & Samaras, Z. (2009) COPERT: A European road transport emission inventory model. information technologies in environmental engineering. In: Proceedings of the 4th International ICSC Symposium, ITEE 2009, Thessaloniki, May, 2009. Berlin: Springer, 491–504. DOI:10.1007/978-3-540-88351-7_37.
  28. Perugu, H. (2019) Emission modelling of light-duty vehicles in India using the revamped VSP-based MOVES model: The case study of Hyderabad. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 68, 150-163. DOI:10.1016/j.trd.2018.01.031.
  29. Pourkhosro, S., Varghese, K. K., Bresciani Miristice, L., M., Bohlouli, R., Gentile, G., Pedico, V., Carrarini, S. (2025) Eco-routing in dense urban networks: Evaluating time and emission trade-offs using the COPERT model in Rome. In: Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS 2025), Luxembourg, September 2025. IEEE, 6.
  30. Salehi, S., Varghese, K.K.,, Bresciani Miristice, L. M., Gentile, G. (2025) Path choice calibration across urban road networks using routing services. Transportation Research Procedia, 90, 392-399. DOI:10.1016/j.trpro.2025.06.128.
  31. Sathaye, N., Harley, R. & Madanat, S. (2010) Unintended environmental impacts of nighttime freight logistics activities. Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice, 44, 1039203. DOI:10.1016/j.tra.2010.04.005.
  32. Savadogo, I., Beziat, A. (2021) Evaluating the potential environmental impacts of a large scale shift to off-hour deliveries. Transportation Research Part D, 90. DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102649.
  33. Slávik, R., Gnap, J. (2019) Selected Problems of Night - Time Distribution of Goods within City Logistics. Slovak Republic. Transportation Research Procedia, 40, 497-504. DOI:10.1016/j.trpro.2019.07.072.
  34. Syeda Erum, H., Andruetto, C. & Posch, A. (2024) The role of battery electric vehicles in off-peak hour deliveries: Sustainability assessment of a case study in Stockholm. Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain, 13(10), 100175. DOI:10.1016/j.clscn.2024.100175.
  35. Zheng, J., Dong, S., Hu, Y. & Li, Y. (2020) Comparative analysis of the CO2 emissions of expressway and arterial road traffic: A case in Beijing. Plos one, 15. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231536.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2025-0025 | Journal eISSN: 1407-6179 | Journal ISSN: 1407-6160
Language: English
Page range: 331 - 341
Published on: Nov 21, 2025
Published by: Transport and Telecommunication Institute
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Siavash Pourkhosro, Ken Koshy Varghese, Lory Michelle Bresciani Miristice, Guido Gentile, published by Transport and Telecommunication Institute
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.