Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Temporal and Vehicle Impacts on Delivery Emissions in Urban Logistics: A Case Study of Rome Cover

Temporal and Vehicle Impacts on Delivery Emissions in Urban Logistics: A Case Study of Rome

Transport and Telecommunication Journal
Volume 26 (2025): Issue 4 (November 2025)
By: Siavash Pourkhosro,  Ken Koshy Varghese,  Lory Michelle Bresciani Miristice and  Guido Gentile  
Open Access
|Nov 2025

References

  1. Akyol, D. E., De Koster, R. B. (2018) Determining time windows in urban freight transport: A city cooperative approach. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, 118(C), 34-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2018.07.004.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  2. Ali, M., Daud Kamal, M., Tahir, A. & Atif, S. (2021) Fuel consumption monitoring through COPERT Model—A case study for urban sustainability. Sustainability, 13(21), 11614. DOI:10.3390/su132111614.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  3. Anon. (2024) Sustainable goods and logistics plan (PMLS) - Plan Document, Rome: Metropolitan City of Rome Capital (Piano delle merci e della logistica sostenibile (PMLS) - Documento di Piano, Rome: Città Metropolitana di Roma Capitale). Available at https://pums.cittametropolitanaroma.it/sites/default/files/inline-files/37_PMLS_Documento%20di%20Piano.pdf (in Italian).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  4. Bishop, G. A. (2021) Does California’s EMFAC2017 vehicle emissions model underpredict California light-duty gasoline vehicle NOx emissions? Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 71, 597-606. DOI:10.1080/10962247.2020.1869121.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  5. Bokhorst, M. V., Wijngaarden, L. v., Otten, M. & Hoen, A. (2017) Van use in Europe and their environmental impact, Delf: CE Delf. Available at https://www.transportenvironment.org/uploads/files/CE_Delft_4L06_Van_use_in_Europe_def.pdf.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  6. Colberg, C. A., Tona, B., Stahel, W., Meier, M., Staehelin, J. (2005) Comparison of a road traffic emission model (HBEFA) with emissions derived from measurements in the Gubrist road tunnel, Switzerland. Atmospheric Environment, 39(26), 4703-4714. DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.020.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  7. Condurat, M., Mihaela Nicuţă, A., Andrei, R. (2017) Environmental impact of road transport traffic. A case study for county of Iaşi road network. Procedia Engineering, 181, 123-130. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.379.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  8. de Vries, J., de Bruyn, S., Boerdijk, S., Bijleveld, M., van der Giesen, C., Odenhoven, N., van Santen, W., Pápai, S. (2024) Environmental prices handbook 2024: EU27 version, Delft: CE Delft. Available at: https://cedelft.eu/publications/environmental-prices-handbook-2024-eu27-version/.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  9. Deloison, T., Hanon, E., Huber, A., Heid, B., Klink, Ch., Sahay, R., Wolff, Ch. (2020) The Future of the last-mile ecosystem: Transition roadmaps for public- and private-sector players. Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum. Availabe at https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_the_last_mile_ecosystem.pdf.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  10. Ekström, M., Sjödin, Å. & Andreasson, K. (2004) Evaluation of the COPERT III emission model with on-road optical remote sensing measurements. Atmospheric Environment, 38(38), 6631-6641. DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.07.019.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  11. Figliozzi, M. A. (2011) The impacts of congestion on time-definitive urban freight distribution networks CO2 emission levels: Results from a case study in Portland, Oregon. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 19(5), 766-778. DOI:10.1016/j.trc.2010.11.002.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  12. Giordano, A., Fischbeck, P. & Matthews, H. S. (2018) Environmental and economic comparison of diesel and battery electric delivery vans to inform city logistics fleet replacement strategies. Transportation Research Part D, 64, 216-229. DOI:10.1016/j.trd.2017.10.003.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  13. González-Romero, I., Bastero-Sellán, J., Prado-Prado, J. C. (2025) Assessing the impact of time windows on last-mile sustainability: A scoreboard-based approach and case study analysis. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 18(1),100. DOI:10.3926/jiem.8575.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  14. Hammerl, A., Seshadri, R., Rasmussen, T. K. & Otto Anker, N. (2025) Using model predictive control to reduce traffic emissions on urban freeways. Transportation Research Part C. DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2506.13393.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  15. Holguín-Veras, J., Encarnación, T., Gonzalez-Calderon, C., Winebrake, J., Wang, C., Kyle, S., Herazo-Padilla, N., Kalahasthi, L., Adarme, W., Cantillo, V., Yoshizaki, H., Garrido, R. (2018) Direct impacts of off-hour deliveries on urban freight emissions. Transportation Research Part A, 84-103. DOI:10.1016/j.trd.2016.10.013.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  16. Jayol, A., Lejri, D., Leclercq, L. (2022) Routes alternatives with reduced emissions: Large-scale statistical analysis of probe vehicle data in Lyon. Atmosphere, 13(10), 1681. DOI:10.3390/atmos13101681.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  17. Kawsar, S., Biswas, S., Noor, M., Mamun, M. S. (2024) Investigating the applicability of COPERT 5.5 emission software in Bangladesh and developing countrywide vehicular emission inventories. Environmental Science: Atmospheres, 57-72. DOI:10.1039/D3EA00047H.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  18. Kellner, F. (2016) Exploring the impact of traffic congestion on CO2 emissions in freight distribution networks. Logistics Research, 9(1), 1-15. DOI:10.1007/s12159-016-0148-5.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  19. Koshy Varghese, K., Salesi, S., Bresciani Miristice, L.M., Gentile, G., Huseynov, A. (2024) Shortest path calibration: a framework for calibrating open-source networks with routing services. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2024 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), Italy, June 2024, IEEE, pp. 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/EEEIC/ICPSEurope61470.2024.10751209.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  20. LogicoPlus. (2025) The digital revolution in urban logistic (La rivoluzione digitale della logistica urbana.) Available at: https://movprojects.com/logicoplus (in Italian).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  21. Lu, H., Song, G., Zh., Q., Wang, J., He, W., Yu, L. (2018) An investigation of the uncertainty of handbook of emission factors for road transport (HBEFA) for estimating greenhouse gas emissions: A case study in Beijing. Transportation Research Record, 2672(25), 79-88. DOI: 10.1177/0361198118796710.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  22. Mądziel, M. (2023) Vehicle emission models and traffic simulators: A review. Energies, 16. DOI:10.20944/preprints202304.0568.v1.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  23. Mitrovikj, K. M., Skácel, F. (2019) Verification of traffic emission factors using measurements in a short tunnel in the Czech Republic. Atmósfera, 32(3), 213-223. DOI:10.20937/ATM.2019.32.03.04.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  24. Mommens, K., Lebeau, Ph., Verlinde, S., van Lier, T., Macharis, C. (2018) Evaluating the impact of off-hour deliveries: An application of the TRansport Agent-BAsed model. Transportation Research Part D, 102-111. DOI:10.1016/j.trd.2018.02.003.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  25. Mousavi, K., Khan, S., Saiyed, S., Amirjamshidi, G., Roorda, M. (2021) Pilot off-peak delivery program in the Region of Peel. Sustainability, 13, 246. DOI:10.3390/su13010246.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  26. Moving Projects. (2024) LogicoPlus Dashboard. Available at: https://logicoplus-dashboard.web.app.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  27. Ntziachristos, L., Gkatzoflias, D., Kouridis, C. & Samaras, Z. (2009) COPERT: A European road transport emission inventory model. information technologies in environmental engineering. In: Proceedings of the 4th International ICSC Symposium, ITEE 2009, Thessaloniki, May, 2009. Berlin: Springer, 491–504. DOI:10.1007/978-3-540-88351-7_37.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  28. Perugu, H. (2019) Emission modelling of light-duty vehicles in India using the revamped VSP-based MOVES model: The case study of Hyderabad. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 68, 150-163. DOI:10.1016/j.trd.2018.01.031.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  29. Pourkhosro, S., Varghese, K. K., Bresciani Miristice, L., M., Bohlouli, R., Gentile, G., Pedico, V., Carrarini, S. (2025) Eco-routing in dense urban networks: Evaluating time and emission trade-offs using the COPERT model in Rome. In: Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS 2025), Luxembourg, September 2025. IEEE, 6.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  30. Salehi, S., Varghese, K.K.,, Bresciani Miristice, L. M., Gentile, G. (2025) Path choice calibration across urban road networks using routing services. Transportation Research Procedia, 90, 392-399. DOI:10.1016/j.trpro.2025.06.128.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  31. Sathaye, N., Harley, R. & Madanat, S. (2010) Unintended environmental impacts of nighttime freight logistics activities. Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice, 44, 1039203. DOI:10.1016/j.tra.2010.04.005.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  32. Savadogo, I., Beziat, A. (2021) Evaluating the potential environmental impacts of a large scale shift to off-hour deliveries. Transportation Research Part D, 90. DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102649.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  33. Slávik, R., Gnap, J. (2019) Selected Problems of Night - Time Distribution of Goods within City Logistics. Slovak Republic. Transportation Research Procedia, 40, 497-504. DOI:10.1016/j.trpro.2019.07.072.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  34. Syeda Erum, H., Andruetto, C. & Posch, A. (2024) The role of battery electric vehicles in off-peak hour deliveries: Sustainability assessment of a case study in Stockholm. Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain, 13(10), 100175. DOI:10.1016/j.clscn.2024.100175.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  35. Zheng, J., Dong, S., Hu, Y. & Li, Y. (2020) Comparative analysis of the CO2 emissions of expressway and arterial road traffic: A case in Beijing. Plos one, 15. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231536.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2025-0025 | Journal eISSN: 1407-6179 | Journal ISSN: 1407-6160
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 331 - 341
Published on: Nov 21, 2025
Published by: Transport and Telecommunication Institute
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Urban logistics,
emission,
time-dependent routing
Related subjects:
Engineering,
Introductions and overviews,
Engineering, other

© 2025 Siavash Pourkhosro, Ken Koshy Varghese, Lory Michelle Bresciani Miristice, Guido Gentile, published by Transport and Telecommunication Institute
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 26 (2025): Issue 4 (November 2025)Next article