A Kalman Filter Based Hybrid Routing Protocol for Efficient Vehicle Connectivity and Traffic Management

Punia, Divya; Kumar, Rajender

doi:10.2478/ttj-2022-0003

Abstract

The geographic routing protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are contemplated as most efficacious protocols. Though, such types of protocols communicate a huge quantity of data that influence the network connectivity negatively. Also, out of bound issue is the second major disadvantage of geographic routing protocols. To provide a solution to these impediments, a novel K-PGRP (Kalman filter-Predictive Geographic Routing Protocol) routing protocol is proposed in this paper. K-PGRP is an improvement to PGRP (Predictive Geographic Routing Protocol) routing protocol and wields Kalman filter as a prediction module in PGRP routing protocol in order to anticipate the neighbor location and to select the propitious neighbor for advancing packets in both urban and highway framework which leads to efficient connectivity in the network and improves road safety. K-PGRP is then compared with PGRP, GPSR (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing) and GPCR (Greedy Perimeter Coordinator Routing) routing protocols in terms of throughput and packet delivery ratio metrics and outperformed all the simulation cases. The simulations were performed on MATLAB R2018a along with traffic simulator SUMO.

References

1. Acosta, A., and Espinosa, J. (2005) TraCI4Matlab: Enabling the Integration of the SUMO Road Traffic Simulator and Matlab Through a Software Re-engineering Process. In Modeling Mobility with Open Data, 155–170. DOI:10.1007%2F978-3-319-15024-6_9.10.1007/978-3-319-15024-6_9
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
2. Artimy, M., Robertson, W. and Phillips, W. (2005) Assignment of dynamic transmission range based on estimation of vehicle density. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Vehicular ad hoc networks, September 2005, Germany: ACM, 40-48.10.1145/1080754.1080761
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
3. Bao, X., Li, H., Zhao, G., Chang, L., Zhou, J. and Li, Y. (2020) Efficient clustering V2V routing based on PSO in VANETs. Measurement, 152, 1-21. Doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2019.107306.10.1016/j.measurement.2019.107306
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
4. Boussoufa-Lahlah, S., Semchedine, F. and Bouallouche-Medjkoune, L. (2018) Geographic routing protocols for Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs): A survey. Vehicular Communications, 11, 20-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.vehcom.2018.01.006.10.1016/j.vehcom.2018.01.006
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
5. Cheng, P., Lee, K., Gerla, M. and Härri, J. (2009) GeoDTN+Nav: Geographic DTN Routing with Navigator Prediction for Urban Vehicular Environments. Mobile Networks and Applications, 15(1), 61-82. DOI:10.1007/s11036-009-0181-6.10.1007/s11036-009-0181-6
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
6. Karimi, R. and Shokrollahi, S. (2018) PGRP: Predictive geographic routing protocol for VANETs. Computer Networks, 141, 67-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.comnet.2018.05.017.10.1016/j.comnet.2018.05.017
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
7. Karp, B. and Kung, H. (2000) GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In: MobiCom ‘00: Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (MobiCom 2000), August 2000, Boston: IEEE, 243-245.10.1145/345910.345953
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
8. Lochert C., Hartenstein H., Tian J., Fussler H., Hermann D., and Mauve M. (2003) A routing strategy for vehicular ad hoc networks in city environments. In: Proceedings of IEEE IV2003 Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, July 2003, Columbus, OH, USA: IEEE.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
9. Naumov, V. and Gross, T. (2007) Connectivity-Aware Routing (CAR) in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. In: Proceedings of 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, May 2007, Anchorage, AK, USA: IEEE, 1919–1927.10.1109/INFCOM.2007.223
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
10. TOMTOM (2020) TomTom Traffic Index: Global Traffic Congestion Up as Bengaluru takes Crown of ‘World’s Most Traffic Congested City. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: TomTom.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

A Kalman Filter Based Hybrid Routing Protocol for Efficient Vehicle Connectivity and Traffic Management

Abstract

Paradigm

My account