Validating Lithium-Polymer Battery Discharge Models to Ensure Uav Flight Safety and Performance

T_EXT	0 m.	1 m.	2 m.	3 m.	4 m.	5 m.	6 m.	7 m.	8 m.
+50°C	12.49	11.32	11.06	10.81	10.77	10.65	10.41	9.38	9.27
+49°C	12.46	11.33	11.06	10.81	10.75	10.63	10.33	9.38	9.32
+48°C	12.52	11.32	11.11	10.93	10.80	10.68	10.48	9.41	9.31
+47°C	12.50	11.32	11.09	10.89	10.77	10.65	10.31	9.41	9.31
+46°C	12.49	11.29	11.07	10.88	10.76	10.63	10.21	9.41	9.34
+45°C	12.50	11.26	11.05	10.88	10.75	10.60	10.14	9.43	9.27
+40°C	12.50	11.15	11.01	10.80	10.70	10.55	10.00	9.38	9.32
+35°C	12.50	11.08	10.91	10.76	10.64	10.44	9.42	9.42	9.31
+30°C	12.50	11.01	10.88	10.74	10.61	10.39	9.43	9.40	9.34
+25°C	12.50	10.95	10.82	10.70	10.57	10.36	9.41	9.40	9.27
+20°C	12.48	10.88	10.77	10.68	10.57	10.37	9.42	9.40	9.32
+15°C	12.50	10.87	10.65	10.58	10.38	10.11	9.40	9.37	9.30
+10°C	12.49	10.86	10.59	10.48	10.29	9.94	9.39	9.37	9.33
+5°C	12.50	10.60	10.50	10.39	10.21	9.82	9.38	9.36	9.32
+4°C	12.49	10.67	10.53	10.36	10.21	10.01	9.46	9.40	9.34
+3°C	12.50	10.66	10.54	10.40	10.24	10.06	9.53	9.35	9.27
+2°C	12.48	10.63	10.51	10.42	10.28	10.07	9.60	9.34	9.32
+1°C	12.49	10.71	10.53	10.44	10.25	10.06	9.56	9.35	9.31
0°C	12.50	10.77	10.56	10.42	10.26	10.03	9.53	9.33	9.31
−1°C	12.49	10.45	10.53	10.40	10.22	10.01	9.50	9.32	9.31
−2°C	12.49	10.75	10.52	10.37	10.19	9.93	9.48	9.33	9.32
−3°C	12.50	10.70	10.49	10.36	10.19	9.92	9.45	9.33	9.32
−4°C	12.49	10.68	10.47	10.35	10.17	9.90	9.45	9.33	9.31
−5°C	12.49	10.67	10.46	10.34	10.17	9.89	9.43	9.32	9.27
−10°C	12.49	10.79	10.46	10.29	10.09	9.77	9.49	9.32	9.32
−15°C	12.48	10.42	10.19	10.02	9.76	9.66	9.43	9.33	9.31
−17°C	12.49	9.83	10.03	10.02	9.82	9.42	9.51	9.32	9.31
−20°C	12.48	9.72	9.83	9.88	9.51	9.63	9.50	9.35	9.34

Table 2.

Measurements of LPAB discharge characteristics of at +25°C.

Meas. No.	0 m.	1 m.	2 m.	3 m.	4 m.	5 m.	6 m.	7 m.	8 m.
1	12.52	11.07	10.88	10.75	10.63	10.48	10.08	9.38	9.37
2	12.48	11.09	10.89	10.76	10.64	10.5	10.18	9.38	9.37
3	12.49	11.1	10.91	10.76	10.65	10.51	10.25	9.38	9.37
4	12.52	11.08	10.87	10.73	10.61	10.46	10.13	9.37	9.36
5	12.48	11.07	10.88	10.75	10.66	10.54	10.21	9.36	9.36
6	12.49	11.08	10.83	10.72	10.62	10.46	9.98	9.36	9.35
7	12.51	10.99	10.82	10.69	10.59	10.47	10.21	9.35	9.34
8	12.49	10.96	10.75	10.62	10.49	10.33	9.97	9.35	9.34
9	12.49	10.97	10.78	10.65	10.55	10.41	10.11	9.36	9.35
10	12.5	11.02	10.85	10.72	10.62	10.49	10.1	9.36	9.36

Table 3.

Measurements f LPAB surface temperature of an LPAB at +25°C.

Meas. No.	0 m.	1 m.	2 m.	3 m.	4 m.	5 m.	6 m.	7 m.	8 m.
1	22.6	25.6	31.5	33.5	35.7	36.8	35.8	34.9	34.7
2	22.6	25.6	30.7	33.4	35.5	36.8	35.8	35.2	34.7
3	22.6	25.3	31.5	33.3	35.6	36.6	35.8	35.5	34.7
4	22.5	25.6	31.5	33.4	35.5	36.7	36.5	35.2	34.5
5	22.6	25.6	29.7	33.3	35.6	36.8	35.8	35.1	34.7
6	22.5	25.6	31.5	33.2	35.4	36.8	36.5	35.2	34.7
7	22.6	25.8	31.5	33.4	35.5	36.5	35.8	35.3	34.7
8	22.6	25.6	29.9	33.4	35.6	36.7	35.8	35.2	34.7
9	22.7	25.6	31.5	33.4	35.6	36.8	36.5	35.2	34.6
10	22.6	25.6	29.9	33.4	35.6	36.7	35.8	35.2	34.7

Table 4.

LPAB discharge characteristics at +25°C obtained at 0 min. from the moment the engine starts.

Measurement No.	0 m.
1	12.52
2	12.48
3	12.49
4	12.52
5	12.48
6	12.49
7	12.51
8	12.49
9	12.49
10	12.5

Family of AB discharge characteristics at +25°C.

Algorithm for analyzing results under repeatability conditions.

Table 5.

Calculation of discrepancies a.

0.04
0.03	-0.01
0	-0.04	-0.03
0.04	0	0.01	0.04
0.03	-0.01	0	0.03	-0.01
0.01	-0.03	-0.02	0.01	-0.03	-0.02
0.03	-0.01	0	0.03	-0.01	0	0.02
0.03	-0.01	0	0.03	-0.01	0	0.02	0
0.02	-0.02	-0.01	0.02	-0.02	-0.01	0.01	-0.01	-0.01

Table 6.

Discharge chracteristics for Sample No. 2 at +25°C.

Meas. No.	0 m.	1 m.	2 m.	3 m.	4 m.	5 m.	6 m.	7 m.	8 m.
1	12.5	11.06	10.89	10.76	10.63	10.48	10.08	9.38	9.37
2	12.48	11.09	10.89	10.77	10.65	10.5	10.17	9.38	9.37
3	12.49	11.09	10.9	10.76	10.65	10.5	10.25	9.38	9.37
4	12.52	11.09	10.88	10.73	10.61	10.47	10.13	9.37	9.36
5	12.48	11.07	10.87	10.76	10.65	10.54	10.19	9.36	9.35
6	12.49	11.08	10.88	10.72	10.63	10.47	9.98	9.36	9.36
7	12.51	11	10.82	10.69	10.58	10.47	10.23	9.36	9.34
8	12.49	10.99	10.78	10.62	10.5	10.37	9.98	9.36	9.34
9	12.49	10.99	10.76	10.65	10.56	10.5	10.13	9.36	9.35
10	12.5	11.01	10.85	10.73	10.62	10.49	10.2	9.37	9.36

Algorithm for analyzing results under reproducibility conditions.

Table 7.

LPAB discharge characteristics for Sample No. 2 at +25°C obtained at 0 min. from the moment the engine starts.

Measurement No.	0 m.
1	12.5
2	12.48
3	12.49
4	12.52
5	12.48
6	12.49
7	12.51
8	12.49
9	12.49
10	12.5

Table 8.

Overall average value and overall dispersion of voltage measurement results at a temperature of +25°C.

	0 m.	1 m.	2 m.	3 m.	4 m.	5 m.	6 m.	7 m.	8 m.
	12.500	11.050	10.850	10.720	10.610	10.470	10.130	9.370	9.360
S²	0.00018	0.0023	0.0024	0.0023	0.0024	0.0026	0.0086	0.000108	0.00013
C	0.027	0.095	0.098	0.096	0.097	0.102	0.190	0.021	0.023

Plot of overall average value and overall dispersion of discharge characteristic measurements at a temperature of +25°C.

Table 9.

Overall average value and the overall dispersion of LPAB surface temperature measurements at an ambient temperature of +25°C.

	0 m.	1 m.	2 m.	3 m.	4 m.	5 m.	6 m.	7 m.	8 m.
$\bar{x}$	22.595	25.595	31.085	33.365	35.520	36.745	36.010	35.200	34.670
S²	0.00155	0.00682	0.47818	0.00555	0.00800	0.00997	0.10832	0.02105	0.00642
C	0.079	0.165	1.383	0.149	0.179	0.199	0.658	0.290	0.160

Plot of overall average value and the overall dispersion of LPAB temperature characteristic measurements at an ambient temperature of +25°C.

Plot of overall average value of LPAB discharge characteristic measurements for the temperature range from -20°C to +50°C.

Plot of the overall average value of LPAB surface temperature characteristic measurements of LPAB for the range of ambient temperatures from -20°C to +50°C.

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/tar-2024-0024 | Journal eISSN: 2545-2835

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Language: English

Page range: 80 - 100

Submitted on: Dec 9, 2023

Accepted on: Dec 2, 2024

Published on: Dec 30, 2024

Published by: ŁUKASIEWICZ RESEARCH NETWORK – INSTITUTE OF AVIATION

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV),

lithium-polymer battery (LPAB),

battery discharge modeling,

ISO 5725,

flight safety

Related subjects:

Engineering,

Introductions and overviews,

Materials sciences, other,

Physics,

Physics, other

© 2024 Anastasiia Shcherban, Vladymir Eremenko, published by ŁUKASIEWICZ RESEARCH NETWORK – INSTITUTE OF AVIATION
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 2024 (2024): Issue 4 (December 2024)

Validating Lithium-Polymer Battery Discharge Models to Ensure Uav Flight Safety and Performance

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Fig. 3.

Table 7.

Table 8.

Fig. 4.

Table 9.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

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