Figure 1.
![Instron ZWICk Z100 testing machine [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=db5ff4f5f5c5a95ba6ae7701e03b10a67f41375360a627155d0524b8878332c3&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2.
![Sample in the machine’s grips [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=24ee2a20997c88a3ddb4e95b0622f10b47c9b347e7471b4892b6fb87bb8c27a8&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3.
![Machine wires connected to the strain gauges [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=c9c3b317182f3249a265a03057326a1d003febe15b89ffea79b73d9225328c1f&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4.
![Composite specimen after tensile strength testing [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=637b4a23fd1e1a037103f88a27e43ec52b9b82aaeca028c932fbb024f2239756&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 5.
![D-series composite specimen after tensile strength tests [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=fb828b3a6bd9e4670de3d2802dc81ff29a1eae5631bdbdde4f365728a3b29d25&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 6.
![TestXpert test control program [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=dafb8189c0806ca106e8bee925825203fe7a28746b65f75f11e9a8aa96914e70&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 7:
![Characteristics of tensile stresses as a function of linear deformation for specimen D1 [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_007.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=66d6f18f01a81b5be725c0a9f230de660e20d7d06022393fae8201b4052900ba&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 8:
![Tensile force characteristics of specimen D1 as a function of time [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=a25deeeb4f4601fcc14ef64d43a19bf46e0ce79c1c614058608133e5966c6315&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 9:
![Characteristics of tensile stresses as a function of linear deformation for specimen E1 [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_009.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=1e0d2900137fc408391f3ff58133f8ba8f510ef8cfaa4aa9ec1defe4ca42f8a5&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 10:
![Tensile force characteristic of specimen E1 as a function of time [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_010.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=db61a3cabc5e30a4049902f33c19b3608750da34c8380480c931a614c076b40a&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 11.
![Characteristics of tensile stresses as a function of linear deformation for specimen E2 [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_011.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=dabce084f9db4627570d0929fe12d51d61fca4a392029c35f2413e0ad8da52b9&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 12.
![Tensile force characteristic of specimen E2 as a function of time [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_012.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=fe94a48bf6db2e3451d20ea481a370e25af002b996a57219b4b306712f9ab78f&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 13.
![Characteristics of tensile stresses as a function of linear deformation for specimen E4 [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_013.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=61c5d6fddc130896418a5ba8b5f651a16e97840ba0cedc4ad6698ac6734ecfd3&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 14.
![Tensile force characteristic of specimen E4 as a function of time [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_014.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=d073bf9727279d134c5d8c1e85113bb2b3100f04034756a786de181d3ddc1bbf&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 15.
![Characteristics of tensile stresses as a function of linear deformation for specimen E5 [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_015.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=000e28634a89184c028a9104e9730072eae90db01d017dbe6730577a736fce72&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 16.
![Tensile force characteristic of specimen E5 as a function of time [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_016.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=948d791e97bb28f728cba2e87b45018ed41698e676cffe2c4ebf85a704773cbe&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 17.
![Comparative characteristics of tensile stresses as a function of deformation linear deformation [op. cit.]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647392104e662f30ba54262a/j_tar-2023-0005_fig_017.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKISKFYITU%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T171120Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCySd1L9yAJPQ7UvaNmL8lA74x2ED%2BXD3DQdGLIAwLtHAIgW0XytHRIqeW28YvAqtCtf2fi59fTRe4n0S55vf3uyUoqxgUIsf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJB%2BMCeKD2ss%2F6FzmyqaBc7yAoqzxOuJJpcwUp004K2Ob2iuAT%2FO5VQc6SOH%2B5t1WJHrX2ZrlO%2B6EYPRh8UF8VYEMnYEXiuZdzwy1ru6xlRVAyuZxxvf21Q1u10Dk6ubJr1ZBAv9JKEDobQxzAsTTqE4adj%2BDbA5hL7kJ3U%2F8KISjGvhwU6kwkIIaj8jYfwZ2wTOjWRR56USk5j4AZcSM7Job5olz7cM9HxLh2OskEo%2BZndjFgMLz%2BFD0Bi2iKKS3Aqo%2BUZ4do0NzoXetz64tULqvCNpAsk%2Fs%2Fu79YioE17thbN0fI2sAV3yZ0%2BVOfqpY0BAagIgP74M2iP26Tf9sL6boKy%2FwUwozrmxYM5ol%2BEvI%2FF7D%2B%2F%2BFjN%2BffbZl8dPbin0GORG2D%2B3hL1awmqrVmljtJ4XcluHJcl%2BLZZXJTZm6eXZz%2BWyFf6ga9gLVh7FvX3PxaCcLEOX%2BqlEekOoaTorNHZH5hDg5uog8MGO9erKXVeVPlbJzkMVQ7O8ONNShpM2zcGmAcHGWEMK9ffMir1yw0ro9fSqYF%2Fx547lYnEGdaefS9gcyP8b0a3sxKuAsJEj3ltkDnl84hz5jmOQY0uNswnOvjWbCinFf02aO1f%2FMiaB3JZSimc3cQXeS14vp6FSUZ%2FH%2FtuH3eYalfqLOKQriJcqd6NJuvnFCbLqyV1%2F2R3ETxH43ol14jbLlMuHq21ReE68BD%2Bsur5iy%2BZM3OcquG5TqhKNQscU8Q5Mpr8%2BiBdt8%2FhH2bN4Q9pNNxOcyEBAshGH8KA5JlG3fy6bXF2Nu3NQjiZNhAT0F7Hbii5NlntzrxSj4uLSetjLHHcMDx6X2ZvEo%2BsvO0cntDmiDKYVheeSPM11R49hVW4a4cXy4E5VeeARev5epJrszE0R5n314NGc%2F4SvaDCto%2BfMBjqxATRfbRzKZQraQG5us2TwRmhyXMllVtWUAqlvJw%2BTERUUG1dnSZ7ij%2BEJv%2BNLu1UzfC0JFDRFKk3RlmQdp4%2FzGr1g15LSx%2FYveUSfJHhEWkZa%2FsJHJtL3TTW6Fn%2FDU0yMgtP1RSL0AYHgkLNzcNqK2eu7EqFXEqXnTtNuHrt4jSHC7TfVSWIY0PkV98eajOv%2BzCTOJBNaIydMMkSxPZmkXx43XFbY5XNgwqySiCXY2nGxQQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=19fe6df4190746f2530888ac177c44494b008650ae268716c313e2996b14fb5a&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 18.
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Geometrical parameters of C-series specimens [op_ cit_]
| Designation | Width [mm] | Thickness [mm] | Length [mm] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1C | 25 | 2 | 250 |
| 2C | 25 | 2 | 250 |
| 3C | 25 | 2 | 250 |
| 4C | 25 | 2 | 250 |
| 5C | 25 | 2 | 250 |
| 6C | 25 | 2 | 250 |
| 7C | 25 | 2 | 250 |
| 8C | 25 | 2 | 250 |
| 9C | 25 | 2 | 250 |
Geometrical parameters of D-series specimens [op_ cit_]
| Designation | Width [mm] | Thickness [mm] | Length [mm] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1D | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 2D | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 3D | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 4D | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 5D | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 6D | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 7D | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 8D | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 9D | 26 | 2 | 250 |
Parameters of fabrics used as reinforcements of composites [39]_
| Parameter | Biaxial fabric IMS65 CTLX | Symmetric Interglass 02037 | Modular fabric IMS65 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density of fabric sheet g/m2] | 6,8 | 47,5 | 27,2 |
| thickness [mm] | 0,19 | 0,21 | 0,21 |
| tensile strength [MPa] | 513 | 443 | 1450 |
Geometrical parameters of E-series specimens [op_ cit_]
| Designation | Width [mm] | Thickness [mm] | Length [mm] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1E | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 2E | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 3E | 26 | 2 | 248 |
| 4E | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 5E | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 6E | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 7E | 26 | 2 | 250 |
| 8E | 26 | 2 | 250 |
Summary results of strength tests of D-series composite laminate [op_ cit_]
| Designation | Section area S0 [mm2] | Maximum tensile force Fm [kN] | Tensile strength limit Rm [MPa] |
|---|---|---|---|
| D1 | 50 | 16.950 | 339.009 |
| D2 | 50 | 40.040 | 800.795 |
| D3 | 50 | 36.356 | 727.115 |
| D4 | 50 | 26.894 | 537.885 |
| D5 | 50 | 33.539 | 670.782 |
| D6 | 50 | 14.555 | 291.109 |
Summary results of strength tests of the E series composite laminate [op_ cit_]
| Designation | Section area S0 [mm2] | Maximum tensile force Fm [kN] | Tensile strength limit Rm [MPa] |
|---|---|---|---|
| E1 | 50 | 18.425 | 368.501 |
| E2 | 50 | 21.414 | 428.278 |
| E4 | 50 | 9.995 | 199.897 |
| E5 | 50 | 13.102 | 262.031 |
Averaged results of strength tests [op_ cit_]
| Parameter | D-series | E-series |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum tensile force Fm [kN] | 28.056 | 15.734 |
| tensile strength limit Rm [MPa] | 561.116 | 314.677 |
Results of strength tests of specimen D1 [op_ cit_]
| Lp. | Time t [s] | Force F [kN] | Tension σ [MPa] | Tensometer 1 | Tensometer 2 | Poisson’s ratio [-] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 44 | 0.308 | 6.152 | 120.776 | 4.623 | -0.038 |
| 2 | 44.2 | 0.310 | 6.202 | 121.518 | 4.547 | -0.037 |
| 3 | 44.4 | 0.312 | 6.242 | 122.241 | 4.585 | -0.038 |
| 4 | 44.6 | 0.314 | 6.287 | 123.060 | 4.585 | -0.037 |
| 5 | 44.8 | 0.316 | 6.328 | 123.859 | 4.585 | -0.037 |
| 6 | 45 | 0.318 | 6.362 | 124.563 | 4.566 | -0.037 |
| 7 | 45.2 | 0.320 | 6.402 | 125.400 | 4.642 | -0.037 |
| 8 | 45.4 | 0.322 | 6.449 | 126.275 | 4.642 | -0.037 |
| 9 | 45.6 | 0.324 | 6.489 | 126.846 | 4.566 | -0.036 |
| 10 | 45.8 | 0.327 | 6.532 | 127.455 | 4.623 | -0.036 |
| 11 | 46 | 0.328 | 6.559 | 128.101 | 4.452 | -0.035 |
| 12 | 46.2 | 0.330 | 6.600 | 129.053 | 4.566 | -0.035 |
| 13 | 46.4 | 0.332 | 6.639 | 129.757 | 4.623 | -0.036 |
| 14 | 46.6 | 0.334 | 6.685 | 130.308 | 4.604 | -0.035 |
| 15 | 46.8 | 0.337 | 6.734 | 130.955 | 4.490 | -0.034 |
| 16 | 47 | 0.339 | 6.774 | 131.526 | 4.414 | -0.034 |
| 17 | 47.2 | 0.341 | 6.814 | 132.287 | 4.262 | -0.032 |
| 18 | 47.4 | 0.343 | 6.858 | 133.200 | 4.224 | -0.032 |
| 19 | 47.6 | 0.345 | 6.894 | 133.847 | 4.319 | -0.032 |
| 20 | 47.8 | 0.347 | 6.935 | 134.437 | 4.414 | -0.033 |
| 21 | 48 | 0.349 | 6.981 | 135.331 | 4.585 | -0.034 |
| 22 | 48.2 | 0.351 | 7.026 | 136.302 | 4.776 | -0.035 |
| 23 | 48.4 | 0.354 | 7.076 | 137.234 | 4.699 | -0.034 |
| 24 | 48.6 | 0.357 | 7.131 | 138.261 | 4.776 | -0.035 |
| 25 | 48.8 | 0.358 | 7.167 | 139.060 | 4.699 | -0.034 |
| 26 | 49 | 0.361 | 7.211 | 139.917 | 4.604 | -0.033 |
| 27 | 49.2 | 0.363 | 7.266 | 140.830 | 4.433 | -0.031 |
| 28 | 49.4 | 0.366 | 7.312 | 141.705 | 4.528 | -0.032 |
| 29 | 49.6 | 0.368 | 7.356 | 142.599 | 4.661 | -0.033 |
| 30 | 49.8 | 0.370 | 7.401 | 143.551 | 4.680 | -0.033 |
Technical parameters of the Instron ZWICK Z100 testing machine [40]_
| Maximum test force FN (tension, compression) | 100 kN |
| Test temperature | Room up to 1,200°C |
| Number of furnaces | 2 |
| Temperature control | Three thermocouples in furnace chamber |
| Traverse speed | 0.0005 do 750 mm/min |
| Accuracy of set rate | 0.003% Vnom |
| Measurement of force in the range from 0.4% to 100% Fnom | Class 1 |
| Measurement of force in the range from 2% to 100% Fnom | Class 0.5 |
| Initial measurement length of extensometer | 11–50 mm |