Holistic Low-Effort Model for Damage Tolerance Analysis in Preliminary Design

Rohdenburg, Michael; Runge, Fabian; Haupt, Matthias; Markgraf, Lennart; Horst, Peter; Heimbs, Sebastian

doi:10.2478/tar-2022-0013

Abstract

The paper presents reduced order results for three different realistic scenarios with respect to the damage tolerance behaviour. The scenarios are dedicated to stiffened structures and feature the fuselage side panel, the upper fuselage panel and a lower wing panel. A wide range of parameter variations is discussed and the influence on the inspection interval is shown. Results may be used both in preliminary aircraft design and structural optimisation.

References

[1] Wheeler, O.E. “Spectrum Loading and Crack Growth.” Journal of Basic Engineering Vol. 94 No. 1 (1972): pp. 181–186. DOI 10.1115/1.3425362.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[2] Poe, C.C. “Stress-Intensity Factor for A Cracked Sheet with riveted and Uniformly Spaced Stringers.” Technical report No. NASA TR R-358. NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA (1971).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[3] Nishimura, T. “Stress Intensity Factors for A Cracked Stiffened Sheet with Cracked Stiffeners.” Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology Vol. 113 No. 1 (1991): pp. 119–124. DOI 10.1115/1.2903366.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[4] Chen, D. “Bulging of Fatigue Cracks in A Pressurized Aircraft Fuselage.” PhD Thesis. LR-647. Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering. 1990. Available at: https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A701fe22e-2a46-4221-abbd-7ac6766b6203
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[5] Liu, Yaolong, Ali Elham, Peter Horst and Martin Hepperle. “Exploring vehicle level benefits of revolutionary technology progress via aircraft design and optimization.” Energies Vol. 11 No. 1 (2018): 166. DOI 10.3390/en11010166.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[6] Werner-Westphal, Christian, Heinze, Wolfgang and Horst, Peter. “Multidisciplinary Integrated Preliminary Design Applied to Unconventional Aircraft Configurations.” Journal of Aircraft Vol. 45 No. 2 (2008): pp. 581–590. DOI 10.2514/1.32138.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[7] Haftka, R. T., and Gürdal, Z. Elements of Structural Optimization, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (1992).10.1007/978-94-011-2550-5
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[8] Hansen, Lars Uwe and Horst, Peter. “Multilevel Optimization in Aircraft Structural Design Evaluation.” Computers & Structures Vol. 86 (2008): pp 104–118. DOI 10.1016/j.compstruc.2007.05.021.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[9] Loghin, Adrian and Ismonov, Shakhrukh. “Application of Response Surface Method in probabilistic Fatigue Crack Propagation Life Assessment Using 3D FEA.” Procedia Structural Integrity. Vol. 28 (2020): pp. 2304–2311. DOI 10.1016/j.prostr.2020.11.0770.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[10] Häusler, Sascha. M., Baiz, P.M., Tavares, S.M.O., Brot, A., Horst. Peter, Aliabadi, M.H., de Castro, P.M.S.T. and Peleg-Wolfin, Y. “Crack Growth Simulation in Integrally Stiffened Structures Including Residual Stress Effects from Manufacturing. Part I: Model Overview.” Structural Durability & Health Monitoring Vol. 7 No. 3 (2011): pp. 163–190. DOI 10.3970/sdhm.2011.007.163.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[11] Tavares, S. M. O., Häusler, Sascha M., Baiz, P. M., de Castro, P. M. S. T., Horst, Peter and Aliabadi, M. H. “Crack Growth Simulation in Integrally Stiffened Structures Including Residual Stress Effects from Manufacturing. Part II: Modelling and Experiments Comparison.” Structural Durability & Health Monitoring Vol. 7 No. 3 (2011): pp. 191–210. DOI 10.3970/sdhm.2011.007.191.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[12] Häusler, Sascha M. and Horst, Peter. “Fast Analytical Algorithm for Fatigue Crack Life Estimations of Integrally Stiffened Metallic panels.” Key Engineering Materials Vol. 385 (2008): pp. 529–532. DOI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/Kem.385-387.529.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[13] Flügge, W. “Stress problems in pressurized Cabins.” Technical Report No. NACA TN 2612. Stanford University. 1952. Available at: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/199300833730 (visited on 12.07.2021).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[14] Broek, David, Smith, Samuel H. and Rice, Richard C. “Generation of Spectra and Stress Histories for Fatigue and Damage Tolerance Analysis of Fuselage Repairs.” FAA Technical Center, DOT-VNTSC-FAA-91-16. 1991.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[15] RAPID Manual, Repair Assessment Procedure and Integrated Design. Analysis Methods Document, Version 2.1. 1998.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[16] Hunter, P.A. “An Analysis of VGH Data from One type of Four-Engine Turbojet Transport Airplane During Commercial Operations.” NASA Technical Note. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1968. Available at: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680007053 (visited on 09.08.2021).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[17] Gudmundsson, S. General Aviation Aircraft Design, Elsevier, Oxford, United Kingdom (2014).10.1016/B978-0-12-397308-5.00001-5
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[18] Jang, J.R. “ANFIS: Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System.” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Vol. 23 No. 3 (1993): pp. 665–685. DOI 10.1109/21.256541.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[19] Sample Flight data, available from: https://c3.ndc.nasa.gov/dashlink/projects/85/ (visited on 11.10.21).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[20] Forman, R.G., Kearney, V.E. and Engle, R.M. “Numerical Analysis of Crack propagation in Cyclic-Loaded Structures.” Journal of Basic Engineering Vol. 89 No. 3 (1967): pp. 459–463. DOI 10.1115/1.3609637.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[21] Swift, T. “Fracture Analysis of Stiffened Structure,” in Damage Tolerance of Metallic Structures: Analysis Methods and Applications, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, pp. 69–107 (1984).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[22] Anderson, T. L. Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, Third Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005).10.1201/9781420058215
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[23] Pereira, Marcos, Darwish, Fathi Area Ibrahim, Camarão, Arnaldo Freitas and Motta, Sérgio Henrique. “On the prediction of Fatigue Crack Retardation Using Wheeler and Willenborg models.” Materials Research-Ibero-American Journal of Materials Vol. 10 No. 3 (2007): pp. 101–107. DOI 10.1590/S1516-14392007000200002.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[24] Pedregosa, Fabian, Varoquaux, G., Gramfort, Alexandre, Michel, Vincent, Thirion, Bertrand, Grisel, Olivier, Blondel, Mathieu, Prettenhofer, Peter, Weiss, Ron, Dubourg, Vincent, Vanderplas, Jake, Passos, Alexandre, Cournapeau, David, Brucher, Matthieu, Perrot, Matthieu and Duchesnay Édouard. Scikit-learn: “Machine Learning in Python”. Journal of Machine Learning Research Vol. 12 (2011): pp. 2825–2830.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[25] Matthes, Sigrun, Grewe, Volker, Dahlmann, Katrin, Frömming, Christine, Irvine, Emma, Lim, Ling, Linke, Florian, Lührs, Benjamin, Owen, Bethan, Shine, Keith, Stromatas, Stavros, Yamashita, Hiroshi and Yin, Feijia. “A Concept for multi-Criteria environmental Assessment of Aircraft trajectories.” Aerospace Vol. 4 No. 3 (2017): 42. DOI 10.3390/aerospace4030042.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[26] Schumann, Ulrich, Graf, Kaspar and Mannstein, Hermann. “Potential to Reduce the Climate Impact of Aviation by Flight Level Changes.” AIAA Atmospheric Space Environments Conference. AIAA 2011-3376: pp. 1–22. Honolulu, Hawaii, June 27–30, 2011. DOI 10.2514/6.2011-3376.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[27] Anthes, R.J. “Modified Rainflow Counting Keeping the Load Sequence.” International Journal of Fatigue Vol. 19 No. 7 (1997): pp. 529–535. DOI 10.1016/S0142-1123(97)00078-9.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[28] Schijve, J. “Fatigue of Structures and Materials in the 20th Century and the State of the Art.” International Journal of Fatigue Vol. 25 No. 8 (2003): pp. 679–702. DOI 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00051.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Holistic Low-Effort Model for Damage Tolerance Analysis in Preliminary Design

Abstract

Paradigm

My account