Water Management: Insights from Two Distinct Sub-Saharan Africa

Water management seeks the optimal solutions to the challenges posed by society’s demand for food security, energy production, socioeconomic advancement, and sound ecosystems. In the 21st century, the complexities of natural disasters and human-induced factors impede the ability to address water security issues. Sub-Saharan Africa is at a critical juncture where it must implement substantial reforms in the planning and management of its water systems to enhance the sustainability of its water resources. Yet, the region faces numerous water-related issues due to complex natural disasters and human factors such as urbanization and population growth, particularly in countries like Ethiopia and Mauritania. This paper delves into the availability, sustainability, management, and governance of water in these two regions of Horn Africa (Ethiopia) and Western Africa (Mauritania). It also highlights the practices involved in planning, managing, and utilizing water systems and services in these areas. Therefore, this paper provides a foundation for further research and the development of sustainable water resources management in the region.