Ackerman, Norleen, and Beatrice Paolucci. 1983. Objective and Subjective Income Adequacy: Their Relationship to Perceived Life Quality Measures. Social Indicators Research 12(1): 25–48.10.1007/BF00428859
Acock, Alan C., and Harold D. Clarke. 1990. Alternative Measures of Political Efficacy: Models and Means. Quality and Quantity 24(1): 87–105.10.1007/BF00221386
Almond, Gabriel A., and Sidney Verba. 1963. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9781400874569
Arens, Katrin A., and Rainer Watermann. 2017. Political Efficacy in Adolescence: Development, Gender Differences, and Outcome Relations. Developmental Psychology 53(5): 933–948.10.1037/dev0000300
Armingeon, Klaus. 2007. Political Participation and Associational Involvement. Pp. 382–407 in Citizenship and Involvement in European Democracies, edited by Jan van Deth, José Ramon Montero, and Anders Westholm. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203965757-25
Beauregard, Katrine. 2014. Gender, Political Participation and Electoral Systems: A Cross-national Analysis. European Journal of Political Research 53(3): 617–634.10.1111/1475-6765.12047
Blais, André. 2014. Why Is Turnout So Low in Switzerland? Comparing the Attitudes of Swiss and German Citizens Towards Electoral Democracy. Swiss Political Science Review 20(4): 520–528.10.1111/spsr.12116
Bowler, Shaun, and Todd Donovan. 2002. Democracy, Institutions and Attitudes about Citizen Influence on Government. British Journal of Political Science 32(2): 371–390.10.1017/S0007123402000157
Brady, Henry E., Sidney Verba, and Kay L. Schlozman. 1995. Beyond Ses: A Resource Model of Political Participation. The American Political Science Review 89(2): 271–294.10.2307/2082425
Brehm, John, and Wendy Rahn. 1997. Individual-Level Evidence for the Causes and Consequences of Social Capital. American Journal of Political Science 41(3): 999–1023.10.2307/2111684
Brussino, Silvina, Leonardo Medrano, Patricia Sorribas, and Hugo H. Rabbia. 2011. Young Adults’ Knowledge of Politics: Evaluating the Role of Socio-Cognitive Variables Using Structural Equations. The Spanish Journal of Psychology 14(1): 183–194.10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.16
Burns, Nancy, Kay Lehman Schlozman, Ashley Jardina, Shauna Shames, and Sidney Verba. 2018. What’s Happened to the Gender Gap in Political Participation? How Might We Explain It? Pp. 69–104 in 100 Years of the Nineteenth Amendment: An Appraisal of Women’s Political Activism, edited by Holly J. McCammon, and Lee Ann Banaszak. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780190265144.003.0004
Campbell, David E. 2013. Social Networks and Political Participation. Annual Review of Political Science 16(1): 33–48.10.1146/annurev-polisci-033011-201728
Caprara, Gian Vittorio, Michele Vecchione, Cristina Capanna, and Minou Mebane. 2009. Perceived Political Self-Efficacy: Theory, Assessment, and Applications. European Journal of Social Psychology 39(6): 1002–1020.10.1002/ejsp.604
Cicognani, Elvira, Bruna Zani, Bernard Fournier, Claire Gavray, and Michel Born. 2012. Gender Differences in Youths’ Political Engagement and Participation. The Role of Parents and of Adolescents’ Social and Civic Participation. Journal of Adolescence 35(3): 561–576.10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.10.002
Clark, Lee A., and David Watson. 2016. Constructing Validity: Basic Issues in Objective Scale Development. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Coffé, Hilde, and Catherine Bolzendahl. 2010. Same Game, Different Rules? Gender Differences in Political Participation. Sex Roles 62(5): 318–333.10.1007/s11199-009-9729-y
Cohen, Sheldon, Lynn G Underwood, and Benjamin H Gottlieb. 2000. Social Support Measurement and Intervention: A Guide for Health and Social Scientists. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/med:psych/9780195126709.001.0001
Craig, Stephen C., Richard G. Niemi, and Glenn E. Silver. 1990. Political Efficacy and Trust: A Report on the NES Pilot Study Items. Political Behavior 12(3): 289–314.10.1007/BF00992337
Dassonneville, Ruth, and Ian McAllister. 2018. Gender, Political Knowledge, and Descriptive Representation: The Impact of Long-term Socialization. American Journal of Political Science 62(2): 249–265.10.1111/ajps.12353
Denny, Kevin J., and Orla M. Doyle. 2007. “…Take up Thy Bed, and Vote” Measuring the Relationship between Voting Behaviour and Indicators of Health. European Journal of Public Health 17(4): 400–401.10.1093/eurpub/ckm002
Dyck, Joshua J, and Edward L Lascher. 2009. Direct Democracy and Political Efficacy Reconsidered. Political Behavior 31(3): 401–427.10.1007/s11109-008-9081-x
Engeli, Isabelle, Thanh-Huyen Ballmer-Cao, and Marco Giugni. 2006. Gender Gap and Turnout in the 2003 Federal Elections. Swiss Political Science Review 12(4): 217–242.10.1002/j.1662-6370.2006.tb00066.x
Finkel, Steven E. 1985. Reciprocal Effects of Participation and Political Efficacy: A Panel Analysis. American Journal of Political Science 29(4): 891–913.10.2307/2111186
Fraile, Marta. 2014. Do Women Know Less about Politics than Men? The Gender Gap in Political Knowledge in Europe. Social Politics 21(2): 261–289.10.1093/sp/jxu006
Fuhrer, Rebecca, Stephen A Stansfeld, J Chemali, and Martin J Shipley. 1999. Gender, Social Relations and Mental Health: Prospective Findings from an Occupational Cohort (Whitehall II Study). Social Science & Medicine 48(1): 77–87.10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00290-1
Gerber, Alan S, Gregory A Huber, David Doherty, Conor M Dowling, Connor Raso, and Shang E Ha. 2011. Personality Traits and Participation in Political Processes. The Journal of Politics 73(3): 692–706.10.1017/S0022381611000399
Granovetter, Mark S. 1977. The Strength of Weak Ties. Pp. 347–367 in Social Networks, edited by Samuel Leinhardt. Amsterdam: Elsevier.10.1016/B978-0-12-442450-0.50025-0
Guan, Chong, Jie Wei, Calvin ML Chan, and Allan BH Chia. 2017. Senior Citizens’ Self-Efficacy for ICT Use: The Influence of Gender, Social Influence and Social Support. Pp. 234–240 in Proceedings of The 17th International Conference on Electronic Business. Dubai: ICEB.
Harandi, Tayebeh F, Maryam M Taghinasab, and Tayebeh D Nayeri. 2017. The Correlation of Social Support with Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis. Electronic Physician 9(9): 5212–5222.10.19082/5212
Hays, Richard A. 2015. Neighborhood Networks, Social Capital, and Political Participation: The Relationships Revisited. Journal of Urban Affairs 37(2): 122–143.10.1111/juaf.12137
Hill, John P, and Mary E Lynch. 1983. The Intensification of Gender-Related Role Expectations during Early Adolescence. Pp. 201–28 in Girls at Puberty, edited by Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and Anne C. Petersen. New York, NJ: Springer.10.1007/978-1-4899-0354-9_10
Inagaki, Tristen K, and Edward Orehek. 2017. On the Benefits of Giving Social Support: When, Why, and How Support Providers Gain by Caring for Others. Current Directions in Psychological Science 26(2): 109–113.10.1177/0963721416686212
Ishii-Kuntz, Masako. 1990. Social Interaction and Psychological Well-Being: Comparison Across Stages of Adulthood. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development 30(1): 15–36.10.2190/0WTY-XBXJ-GVV9-XWM9
Karademas, Evangelos C. 2006. Self-Efficacy, Social Support and Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Optimism. Personality and Individual Differences 40(6): 1281–1290.10.1016/j.paid.2005.10.019
Karp, Jeffrey A, and Susan A Banducci. 2007. Party Mobilization and Political Participation in New and Old Democracies. Party Politics 13(2): 217–234.10.1177/1354068807073874
Karp, Jeffrey A, and Susan A Banducci. 2008. Political Efficacy and Participation in Twenty-Seven Democracies: How Electoral Systems Shape Political Behaviour. British Journal of Political Science 38(2): 311–334.10.1017/S0007123408000161
Kim, Taehee. 2015. The Effect of Direct Democracy on Political Efficacy: The Evidence from Panel Data Analysis. Japanese Journal of Political Science 16(1): 52–67.10.1017/S1468109914000383
Kittilson, Miki C., and Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer. 2012. The Gendered Effects of Electoral Institutions: Political Engagement and Participation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608607.001.0001
Krause, Neal. 2001. Social Support. Pp. 272–294 in Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, edited by Robert H. Binstock, Linda K. George, Stephen L. Cutler, Jon Hendricks, and James H. Schulz. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Langford, Catherine Penny Hinson, Juanita Bowsher, Joseph P. Maloney, and Patricia P. Lillis. 1997. Social Support: A Conceptual Analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 25(1): 95–100.10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997025095.x
Lee, Seungyoon, Jae Eun Chung, and Namkee Park. 2018. Network Environments and Well-Being: An Examination of Personal Network Structure, Social Capital, and Perceived Social Support. Health Communication 33(1): 22–31.10.1080/10410236.2016.1242032
Lin, Nan. 2008. A Network Theory of Social Capital. Pp. 50–59 in The Handbook of Social Capital, edited by Dario Castiglione, Jan van Deth, and Guglielmo Wolleb. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.4337/9781789907285.00009
Liu, Yan, Rachel Kornfield, Bret R. Shaw, Dhavan V. Shah, Fiona McTavish, and David H. Gustafson. 2020. Giving and Receiving Social Support in Online Substance Use Disorder Forums: How Self-Efficacy Moderates Effects on Relapse. Patient Education and Counseling 103(6): 1125–1133.10.1016/j.pec.2019.12.015
Mattila, Mikko, Peter Söderlund, Hanna Wass, and Lauri Rapeli. 2013. Healthy Voting: The Effect of Self-Reported Health on Turnout in 30 Countries. Electoral Studies 32(4): 886–891.10.1016/j.electstud.2013.07.010
McDonnell, Joshua. 2020. Municipality Size, Political Efficacy and Political Participation: A Systematic Review. Local Government Studies 46(3): 331–350.10.1080/03003930.2019.1600510
Molino, Monica, Valentina Dolce, Claudio Giovanni Cortese, and Chiara Ghislieri. 2018. Personality and Social Support as Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention. Gender Differences in Italy. PloS One 13(6): e0199924.10.1371/journal.pone.0199924
Morales, Laura, and Marco Giugni. 2016. Social Capital, Political Participation and Migration in Europe: Making Multicultural Democracy Work? New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan.
Moscardino, Ughetta, Sara Scrimin, Fabia Capello, and Gianmarco Altoè. 2010. Social Support, Sense of Community, Collectivistic Values, and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescent Survivors of the 2004 Beslan Terrorist Attack. Social Science & Medicine 70(1): 27–34.10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.035
Niemi, Richard G, Stephen C Craig, and Franco Mattei. 1991. Measuring Internal Political Efficacy in the 1988 National Election Study. The American Political Science Review 85(4), 1407–1413.10.2307/1963953
Norris, Pippa. 2002. Women’s Power at the Ballot Box. Pp. 95–104 in Voter Turnout from 1945 to 2000: A Global Report on Political Participation, edited by Rafael Lopez Pintor and Maria Gratschew. Stockholm: IDEA.
Pasek, Josh, Lauren Feldman, Daniel Romer, and Kathleen H. Jamieson. 2008. Schools as Incubators of Democratic Participation: Building Long-Term Political Efficacy with Civic Education. Applied Development Science 12(1): 26–37.10.1080/10888690801910526
Paxton, Pamela, Sheri Kunovich, and Melanie M. Hughes. 2007. Gender in Politics. Annual Review of Sociology 33: 263–284.10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131651
Pedersen, Rasmus T. 2012. The Game Frame and Political Efficacy: Beyond the Spiral of Cynicism. European Journal of Communication 27(3): 225–240.10.1177/0267323112454089
Perrewé, Pamela L., and Dawn S. Carlson. 2002. Do Men and Women Benefit from Social Support Equally? Results from a Field Examination within the Work and Family Context. Pp. 101–114 in Gender, Work Stress, and Health, edited by Debra L. Nelson, and Ronald J. Burke. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.10.1037/10467-007
Portes, Alejandro. 1998. Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology 24(1): 1–24.10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.1
Prior, Markus. 2010. You’ve Either Got It or You Don’t? The Stability of Political Interest Over the Life Cycle. The Journal of Politics 72(3): 747–766.10.1017/S0022381610000149
Quintelier, Ellen, and Jan W. Van Deth. 2014. Supporting Democracy: Political Participation and Political Attitudes. Exploring Causality Using Panel Data. Political Studies 62: 153–171.10.1111/1467-9248.12097
Rasmussen, Stig H. R., and Asbjørn S. Nørgaard. 2018. When and Why Does Education Matter? Motivation and Resource Effects in Political Efficacy. European Journal of Political Research 57(1): 24–46.10.1111/1475-6765.12213
Ryan, Louise, Rosemary Sales, Mary Tilki, and Bernadetta Siara. 2008. Social Networks, Social Support and Social Capital: The Experiences of Recent Polish Migrants in London. Sociology 42(4): 672–690.10.1177/0038038508091622
Sarason, Irwin G., Henry M. Levine, Robert B. Basham, and Barbara R. Sarason. 1983. Assessing Social Support: The Social Support Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44(1): 127–137.10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.127
Schlozman, Daniel, and Ian Yohai. 2008. How Initiatives Don’t Always Make Citizens: Ballot Initiatives in the American States, 1978–2004. Political Behavior 30(4): 469–489.10.1007/s11109-008-9062-0
Silverstein, Merril, Xuan Chen, and Kenneth Heller. 1996. Too Much of a Good Thing? Intergenerational Social Support and the Psychological Well-Being of Older Parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family 58(4): 970–982.10.2307/353984
Solhaug, Trond. 2006. Knowledge and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Political Participation and Civic Attitudes: With Relevance for Educational Practice. Policy Futures in Education 4(3): 265–278.10.2304/pfie.2006.4.3.265
Stadelmann-Steffen, Isabelle, and Daniela Koller. 2014. What Type of Resources? Household Effects and Female Electoral Participation. Swiss Political Science Review 20(4): 529–549.10.1111/spsr.12125
Stolle, Dietlind, and Marc Hooghe. 2005. Inaccurate, Exceptional, One-Sided or Irrelevant? The Debate about the Alleged Decline of Social Capital and Civic Engagement in Western Societies. British Journal of Political Science 35(1): 149–167.10.1017/S0007123405000074
Talò, Cosimo, Terri Mannarini, and Alessia Rochira. 2014. Sense of Community and Community Participation: A Meta-Analytic Review. Social Indicators Research 117(1): 1–28.10.1007/s11205-013-0347-2
Teorell, Jan. 2003. Linking Social Capital to Political Participation: Voluntary Associations and Networks of Recruitment in Sweden. Scandinavian Political Studies 26(1): 49–66.10.1111/1467-9477.00079
Thoits, Peggy A. 2011. Mechanisms Linking Social Ties and Support to Physical and Mental Health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 52(2): 145–161.10.1177/0022146510395592
Uchino, Bert N., Kimberly Bowen, Robert Kent de Grey, Jude Mikel, and Edwin B. Fisher. 2018. Social Support and Physical Health: Models, Mechanisms, and Opportunities. Pp. 341–372 in Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine, edited by Edwin B. Fischer, Linda D. Cameron, Alan J. Christensen, Ulrike Ehlert, Yan Guo, Brian Oldenburg, and Frank J. Snoek. New York, NY: Springer.10.1007/978-0-387-93826-4_12
Utz, Sonja, and Johannes Breuer. 2017. The Relationship Between Use of Social Network Sites, Online Social Support, and Well-Being: Results from a Six-Wave Longitudinal Study. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications 29(3): 115–125.10.1027/1864-1105/a000222
Vecchione, Michele, and Gian Vittorio Caprara. 2009. Personality Determinants of Political Participation: The Contribution of Traits and Self-Efficacy Beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences 46(4): 487–492.10.1016/j.paid.2008.11.021
Vekiri, Ioanna, and Anna Chronaki. 2008. Gender Issues in Technology Use: Perceived Social Support, Computer Self-Efficacy and Value Beliefs, and Computer Use beyond School. Computers & Education 51(3): 1392–1404.10.1016/j.compedu.2008.01.003
Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge MA, London: Harvard University Press.10.2307/j.ctv1pnc1k7
Verba, Sidney, Nancy Burns, and Kay Lehman Schlozman. 1997. Knowing and Caring about Politics: Gender and Political Engagement. The Journal of Politics 59(4): 1051–1072.10.2307/2998592
Voorpostel, Marieke. 2010. Attrition Patterns in the Swiss Household Panel by Demographic Characteristics and Social Involvement. Swiss Journal of Sociology 36(2): 359–377.
Whitfield, Keith E., and Sebrina Wiggins. 2003. The Influence of Social Support and Health on Everyday Problem Solving in Adult African Americans. Experimental Aging Research 29(1): 1–13.10.1080/03610730303703
Zaff, Jonathan F., Kei Kawashima-Ginsberg, Emily S. Lin, Michael Lamb, Aida Balsano, and Richard M. Lerner. 2011. Developmental Trajectories of Civic Engagement Across Adolescence: Disaggregation of an Integrated Construct. Journal of Adolescence 34(6): 1207–1220.10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.07.005