Figure 1.
Inter-item correlation matrix of the OHIP-SVN5 and the OHIP-CRO5_
| OHIP-SVN5 Inter-item Correlation Matrix | Difficulty chewing | Painful aching | Uncomfortable with appearance | Less flavour in food | Difficulty doing usual jobs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difficulty chewing | 1.000 | ||||
| Painful aching | 0.464 | 1.000 | |||
| Uncomfortable with appearance | 0.536 | 0.361 | 1.000 | ||
| Less flavour in food | 0.447 | 0.280 | 0.428 | 1.000 | |
| Difficulty doing usual jobs | 0.409 | 0.356 | 0.388 | 0.556 | 1.000 |
| OHIP-CRO5 Inter-item Correlation Matrix | |||||
| Difficulty chewing | 1.000 | ||||
| Painful aching | 0.424 | 1.000 | |||
| Uncomfortable about appearance | 0.412 | 0.231 | 1.000 | ||
| Less flavour in food | 0.469 | 0.339 | 0.351 | 1.000 | |
| Difficulty doing usual jobs | 0.369 | 0.315 | 0.240 | 0.516 | 1.000 |
Age, gender and research purpose of the respondents answering five questions of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-5)_
| Sample | n (% female) | Mean age (standard deviation) | Age range (years) | Research purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General population SVN† | 400 (72.8) | 53.8 (9.7) | 28–70 | Internal consistency, EFA, Concurrent validity, Known group validity |
| General population CRO* | 223 (65.5) | 59.96 (14.6) | 28–82 | Internal consistency, EFA, Concurrent validity, Known group validity |
| Students SVN§ | 38 (68.4) | 22.6 (1.7) | 20–26 | Test-retest reliability |
| Students CRO‡ | 30 (70.0) | 22.0 (1.4) | 19–25 | Test-retest reliability |
| Patients with treatment needs SVN# | 30 (54.0) | 50.8 (14.2) | 18–70 | Responsiveness (sensitivity to change) |
| Patients with treatment needs CRO‡ | 30 (65.0) | 65.5 (10.4) | 37–81 | Responsiveness (sensitivity to change) |
Concurrent validity of the Slovenian and Croatian OHIP-5 Questionnaires_
| General population SVN (n=400) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-reported oral health | n | OHIP-5 summary score | Spearman’s rho |
| excellent | 51 | 0.69 (1.16) | 0.601** |
| good | 224 | 1.86 (2.06) | |
| fair | 94 | 4.33 (3.38) | |
| poor | 31 | 7.77 (3.81) | |
| Self-reported oral aesthetics | n | OHIP-5 summary score | Spearman’s rho |
| excellent | 52 | 1.12 (1.71) | 0.510** |
| good | 213 | 1.83 (2.12) | |
| fair | 106 | 3.99 (3.17) | |
| poor | 29 | 7.90 (4.29) | |
Factor loadings of one dimension of the OHIP-5 questionnaire_
| Item | OHIP-SVN5 | OHIP-CRO5 |
|---|---|---|
| One component | ||
| Difficulty chewing | 0.787 | 0.774 |
| Painful aching | 0.651 | 0.642 |
| Uncomfortable about appearance | 0.744 | 0.611 |
| Less flavour in food | 0.744 | 0.780 |
| Difficulty doing usual jobs | 0.740 | 0.699 |
Means, standard deviations and Cronbach’s alpha when the item was deleted from the OHIP-SVN5 and OHIP-CRO5 questionnaires_
| OHIP-5 item | OHIP-SVN5 | OHIP-CRO5 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Standard deviation | Cronbach’s alpha if the item is deleted | Mean | Standard deviation | Cronbach’s alpha if the item is deleted | |
| Difficulty chewing | 0.97 | 1.10 | 0.69 | 0.87 | 1.04 | 0.60 |
| Painful aching | 0.67 | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.41 | 0.76 | 0.67 |
| Uncomfortable with appearance | 0.70 | 1.08 | 0.71 | 0.82 | 1.03 | 0.70 |
| Less flavour in food | 0.24 | 0.64 | 0.73 | 0.25 | 0.53 | 0.64 |
| Difficulty doing usual jobs | 0.18 | 0.56 | 0.74 | 0.17 | 0.49 | 0.68 |
Known-groups validity, assessed by the Mann-Whitney U test_
| OHIP-SVN5 | Denture (Fixed and Removable) | N | Mean | Standard Deviation | Z | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difficulty chewing | no | 304 | 0.74 | 0.93 | −7.020 | <0.001** |
| yes | 96 | 1.70 | 1.24 | |||
| Painful aching | no | 304 | 0.57 | 0.79 | −4.174 | <0.001** |
| yes | 96 | 0.98 | 0.94 | |||
| Uncomfortable about appearance | no | 304 | 0.53 | 0.93 | −4.910 | <0.001** |
| yes | 96 | 1.23 | 1.34 | |||
| Less flavour in food | no | 304 | 0.14 | 0.49 | −5.262 | <0.001** |
| yes | 96 | 0.54 | 0.92 | |||
| Difficulty doing usual jobs | no | 304 | 0.12 | 0.46 | −3.214 | <0.001** |
| yes | 96 | 0.34 | 0.80 | |||
| OHIP-SVN5 | no | 304 | 2.10 | 2.56 | −7.080 | <0.001** |
| summary score | yes | 96 | 4.80 | 3.86 |
Test-retest reliability measured by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the Slovenian and Croatian versions of the 5-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-SVN5 and OHIP-CRO5)_
| OHIP-SVN5: Students (n=38) | ICC | Mean difference (standard deviation) | 95% confidence interval | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difficulty chewing | 0.74 | −0.03 (0.43) | −0.169 – 0.12 | 0.711 N.S. |
| Painful aching | 0.65 | 0.105 (0.61) | −0.093 – 0.30 | 0.291 N.S. |
| Uncomfortable about appearance | 0.82 | 0.105 (0.45) | −0.043 – 0.25 | 0.160 N.S. |
| Less flavour in food | N.C. | 0 (0) | N.C. | N.C. |
| Difficulty doing usual jobs | 0.70 | −0.026 (0.60) | −.080 – 0.03 | 0.324 N.S. |
| Summary score | 0.82 | 0.157 (0.89) | −0.133 – 0.45 | 0.279 N.S. |
Sensitivity to change (responsiveness) of the OHIP-SVN5 (N=30) and OHIP-CRO5 (N=30), pre- versus post-treatment_
| Pre-treatment x±SD | Post-treatment x±SD | Mean difference x±SD | Z | P | Effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OHIP-SVN5 | ||||||
| Difficulty chewing | 2.33±0.96 | 1.87±0.82 | 0.47±0.68 | −2.64 | 0.008** | 0.48 |
| Painful aching | 2.70±1.02 | 1.90±0.71 | 0.80±0.99 | −3.67 | 0.001** | 0.78 |
| Uncomfortable about appearance | 1.90±0.84 | 1.96±0.98 | 0.06±0.69 | −0.58 | 0.564 N.S. | 0.07 |
| Less flavour in food | 1.43±0.73 | 1.23±0.50 | 0.20±0.55 | −1.90 | 0.056 N.S. | 0.28 |
| Difficulty doing usual jobs | 1.47±0.63 | 1.20±0.41 | 0.27±0.58 | −2.31 | 0.021* | 0.43 |
| Summary score | 9.83±2.29 | 8.03±1.73 | 1.80±1.40 | −4.53 | <0.001** | 0.79 |
| OHIP-CRO5 | ||||||
| Difficulty chewing | 2.67±1.23 | 1.57±1.33 | 1.10±1.44 | −3.35 | 0.001** | 0.89 |
| Painful aching | 0.53±1.04 | 0.17±0.38 | 0.37±0.89 | −2.31 | 0.021* | 0.35 |
| Uncomfortable about appearance | 2.60±1.40 | 0.87±1.17 | 1.73±1.55 | −4.10 | <0.001** | 1.24 |
| Less flavour in food | 0.80±1.19 | 0.40±0.89 | 0.40±0.81 | −2.44 | 0.015* | 0.34 |
| Difficulty doing usual jobs | 0.77±1.10 | 0.20±0.61 | 0.57±0.94 | −2.85 | 0.004** | 0.52 |
| Summary score | 7.37±4.06 | 3.20±3.28 | 4.17±0.74 | −4.25 | <0.001** | 1.03 |