Table 1.
Sarcopenia classification algorithms with cut-off points.
| Algorithm name | Algorithm with cut-off points | Sarcopenia | Sarcopenia severity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SDOC (5) | Physical performance (<0.8m/s) Muscle strength (HGS; M:<35.5kg; F:<20kg) | - physical performance AND - muscle strength | NA | ||
| EWGSOP (severity algorithm) (2) | Muscle mass (BIA: ASM/ht2; M:<8.87 kg/m2, F:<6.42 kg/m2) Muscle strength (HGS; M:<30 kg, F:<20 kg) Physical performance (gait speed<0.8 m/s) | - muscle mass AND - muscle strength OR - physical performance | - muscle mass AND - muscle strength OR - physical performance | ||
| EWGSOP (2) | Physical performance (gait speed≤0.8m/s) Muscle mass (BIA: ASM/ht2; M:<8.87kg/m2, F:<6.42 kg/m2 | Physical performance (gait speed>0.8m/s) Muscle strength (HGS; M:<30 kg F:<20 kg) Muscle mass (BIA: ASM/ht2; M:<8.87kg/m2, F:<6.42kg/m2) | - physical performance AND - muscle strength | - normal physical performance AND - muscle strength AND - muscle mass | NA |
| EWGSOP2 (3) | Positive screening test (Sarc-F≥4) Muscle strength (HGS; M:<27kg; F:<16kg OR 5STS>15s) Muscle quantity or quality (BIA ASM/ht2; M:<7.0kg/m2; F:<5.5kg/m2) Physical performance (gait speed≤0.8m/s OR TUG≥20s) | Positive screening test AND - muscle strength AND - muscle quantity AND/OR - physical performance | Positive screening test AND - muscle strength AND - muscle quantity AND/OR - physical performance | ||
| EWGSOP2 without Sarc-F | Muscle strength (HGS; M: <27kg; F: <16kg OR 5STS >15s) Muscle quantity or quality (BIA ASM/ht2; M:<7.0 kg/m2; F:<5.5kg/m2) Physical performance (gait speed≤0.8m/s OR TUG≥20 s) | - muscle strength AND - muscle quantity AND/OR - physical performance | - muscle strength AND - muscle quantity AND - physical performance | ||
| IWGS (6) | Muscle quantity (BIA ASM/ht2; M:<7.23kg/m2; F:<5.67kg/m2) Physical performance (gait speed<1.0m/s) | - physical performance AND - muscle quantity | NA | ||
| FNIH (4) | Muscle quantity (BIA ASMM; M<19.75kg; F<15.02kg) Muscle strength (HGS; M:<26kg; F:<16kg) Physical performance (gait speed<0.8m/s) | - muscle strength AND - muscle quantity | - muscle strength AND - muscle quantity AND - physical performance | ||
1 Legend: EWGSOP: European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; SDOC: Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium; IWGS: International Working Group on Sarcopenia; FNIH: Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; M: males; F: females; BIA: electrical bioimpedance; ASM/ht2: appendicular skeletal mass normalised to height; ASMM: appendicular skeletal muscle mass; TUG: timed up-and-go test; 5STS: five-repetition sit to stand test; HGS: hand grip strength; NA: not applicable
Table 2.
Descriptive statistics.
| N | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Std. deviation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 654 | 60 | 97 | 72.45 | 8.74 |
| Body height (cm) | 638 | 140.4 | 186.5 | 163.55 | 8.53 |
| Body mass (kg) | 638 | 44.0 | 133.89 | 77.04 | 14.28 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 637 | 17.35 | 52.13 | 28.76 | 4.78 |
| 5STS (s) | 590 | 3.37 | 41.06 | 11.11 | 4.49 |
| TUG (s) | 629 | 3.60 | 66.97 | 8.47 | 5.91 |
| HGS | 645 | 1.00 | 76.00 | 27.44 | 11.32 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 639 | .12 | 2.64 | 1.14 | .39 |
| Calf Circumference (cm) | 649 | 16.4 | 50.7 | 36.18 | 3.50 |
| SARC-F | 648 | 0 | 10 | 1.87 | 2.50 |
| SARC-CalF | 648 | 0 | 20 | 3.93 | 5.14 |
| MNA | 649 | 11.5 | 30 | 25.35 | 4.18 |
| TMT-A (s) | 524 | 13.38 | 314.70 | 49.38 | 31.00 |
| TMT-B (s) | 446 | 24.57 | 439.91 | 106.49 | 62.32 |
| ASM/ht2 (kg/m2) | 621 | 4.23 | 11.52 | 6.78 | 1.02 |
Table 3.
Sarcopenia and sarcopenia severity prevalence.
| EWGSOP severity N (%) | EWGSOP N (%) | EWGSOP2 N (%) | EWGSOP2 without SARC-F N (%) | EWGSOP2 with SARC-CalF N (%) | SDOC N (%) | IWGS N (%) | FNIH N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No sarcopenia | 553 (84.6) | 546 (83.5) | 627 (96.9) | 602 (92.0) | 625 (95.6) | 539 (82.4) | 599 (91.6) | 567 (86.7) |
| No sarcopenia | 450 (68.8) | 547 (83.6) | 459 (70.2) | 594 (90.8) | ||||
| Presarcopenia | 96 (14.7) | 80 (12.2) | 143 (21.9) | 31 (4.7) | ||||
| Sarcopenia | 77 (11.8) | 77 (11.8) | 27 (4.1) | 50 (7.7) | 29 (4.4) | 100 (15.3) | 14 (2.1) | 50 (7.7) |
| Sarcopenia | 40 (6.1) | 3 (.5) | 19 (2.9) | 9 (1.4) | 15 (2.3) | |||
| Severe sarcopenia | 37 (5.7) | 24 (3.7) | 31 (4.7) | 20 (3.1) | 35 (5.4) | |||
| Missing data | 24 (3.7) | 31 (4.7) | / | 2 (.3) | / | 15 (2.3) | 41 (6.3) | 37 (5.7) |
| Total | 654 (100.0) | 654 (100.0) | 654 (100.0) | 654 (100.0) | 654 (100.0) | 654 (100.0) | 654 (100.0) | 654 (100.0) |