One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the academic motivation scores between students by study year and age_
| Scale | Study Year | Age | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | Overall p-value | F | Overall p-value | |
| Intrinsic motivation (IM) | 0.721 | 0.608 | 1.113 | 0.331 |
| IM to know | 0.508 | 0.770 | 0.274 | 0.761 |
| IM towards accomplishment | 1.562 | 0.172 | 2.345 | 0.098 |
| IM to experience stimulation | 0.256 | 0.936 | 1.047 | 0.353 |
| Extrinsic motivation (EM) | 1.499 | 0.192 | 0.608 | 0.545 |
| EM external regulation | 3.463 | 0.005 | 2.918 | 0.056 |
| EM introjected regulation | 1.425 | 0.217 | 0.710 | 0.493 |
| EM identified regulation | 1.459 | 0.205 | 0.246 | 0.782 |
| Amotivation | 2.298 | 0.053 | 2.947 | 0.057 |
| *Autonomous motivation | 0.760 | 0.580 | 1.010 | 0.366 |
| **Controlled motivation | 1.269 | 0.279 | 0.889 | 0.413 |
The mean value, standard deviation and ranking of all 28 items of the Academic Motivation Scale_
| Scale | Statements | mean±SD | Ranking according to the mean value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intrinsic motivation to know | 2. Because I experience pleasure and satisfaction while learning new things. | 5.76±1.41 | 9 |
| 9. For the pleasure I experience when I discover new things never seen before. | 5.84±1.42 | 7 | |
| 16. For the pleasure that I experience in broadening my knowledge about subjects which appeal to me. | 5.89±1.29 | 5 | |
| 23. Because my studies allow me to continue to learn about many things that interest me. | 5.88±1.32 | 6 | |
| Intrinsic motivation towards accomplishment | 6. For the pleasure I experience while surpassing myself in my studies. | 4.90±1.79 | 18 |
| 13. For the pleasure that I experience while I am surpassing myself in one of my personal accomplishments. | 5.55±1.61 | 10 | |
| 20. For the satisfaction I feel when I am in the process of accomplishing difficult academic activities. | 4.42±1.94 | 22 | |
| 27. Because college allows me to experience a personal satisfaction in my quest for excellence in my studies. | 5.37±1.63 | 14 | |
| Intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation | 4. For the intense feelings I experience when I am communicating my own ideas to others. | 5.28±1.57 | 16 |
| 11. For the pleasure that I experience when I read interesting authors. | 5.39±1.73 | 12 | |
| 18. For the pleasure that I experience when I feel completely absorbed by what certain authors have written. | 4.59±1.88 | 20 | |
| 25. For the “high” feeling that I experience while reading about various interesting subjects. | 5.37±1.59 | 13 | |
| Extrinsic motivation: external regulation | 1. Because with only a high-school degree I would not find a high-paying job later on. | 4.37±2.22 | 23 |
| 8. In order to obtain a more prestigious job later on. | 5.54±1.66 | 11 | |
| 15. Because I want to have “the good life” later on. | 5.78±1.57 | 8 | |
| 22. In order to have a better salary later on. | 5.36±1.70 | 15 | |
| Extrinsic motivation: introjected regulation | 7. To prove to myself that I am capable of completing my college degree. | 4.55±2.12 | 21 |
| 14. Because of the fact that when I succeed in college, I feel important. | 4.73±1.98 | 19 | |
| 21. To show myself that I am an intelligent person. | 4.12±1.94 | 24 | |
| 28. Because I want to show myself that I can succeed in my studies. | 5.23±1.79 | 17 | |
| External motivation: identified regulation | 3. Because I think that a college education will help me better prepare for the career I have chosen. | 6.40±1.05 | 1 |
| 10. Because eventually it will enable me to enter the job market in a field that I like. | 6.15±1.33 | 2 | |
| 17. Because this will help me make a better choice regarding my career orientation. | 6.11±1.16 | 3 | |
| 24. Because I believe that a few additional years of education will improve my competence as a worker. | 6.04±1.32 | 4 | |
| Amotivation | 5. Honestly, I don’t know; I really feel that I am wasting my time in school. | 1.76±1.38 | 26 |
| 12. I once had good reasons for going to college; however, now I wonder whether I should continue. | 2.49±1.95 | 25 | |
| 19. I can’t see why I go to college and frankly, I couldn’t care less. | 1.56±1.29 | 28 | |
| 26. I don’t know; I can’t understand what I am doing in school. | 1.61±1.50 | 27 | |
Difference in academic motivation scores between students by gender, and between students who have a medical doctor among their family members vs_ those who do not_
| Scale | Gender | Family members as medical doctors | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n=210) mean±SD | Male (n=58) mean±SD | Female (n=152) mean±SD | p-value | Yes (n=91) mean±SD | No (n=119) mean±SD | p-value | |
| Intrinsic motivation (IM) | 5.35±1.19 | 5.40±1.20 | 5.33±1.19 | 0.702 | 5.34±1.18 | 5.36±1.20 | 0.865 |
| IM to know | 5.84±1.13 | 5.86±1.06 | 5.83±1.16 | 0.786 | 5.83±1.12 | 5.85±1.15 | 0.928 |
| IM towards accomplishment | 5.06±1.40 | 5.12±1.46 | 5.03±1.39 | 0.687 | 5.04±1.31 | 5.07±1.48 | 0.906 |
| IM to experience stimulation | 5.16±1.35 | 5.21±1.34 | 5.13±1.35 | 0.714 | 5.13±1.43 | 5.18±1.29 | 0.801 |
| Extrinsic motivation (EM) | 5.37±1.06 | 5.17±1.10 | 5.44±1.04 | 0.105 | 5.54±0.91 | 5.23±1.15 | 0.031 |
| EM external regulation | 5.26±1.45 | 5.14±1.63 | 5.31±1.38 | 0.457 | 5.52±1.23 | 5.06±1.57 | 0.018 |
| EM introjected regulation | 4.66±1.61 | 4.37±1.60 | 4.77±1.60 | 0.103 | 4.85±1.45 | 4.52±1.71 | 0.134 |
| EM identified regulation | 6.18±0.94 | 6.01±0.99 | 6.24±0.91 | 0.122 | 6.25±0.79 | 6.12±1.04 | 0.295 |
| Amotivation | 1.86±1.29 | 1.89±1.44 | 1.84±1.24 | 0.825 | 1.89±1.26 | 1.83±1.32 | 0.738 |
| *Autonomous motivation | 5.56±1.04 | 5.55±1.09 | 5.56±1.02 | 0.985 | 5.56±1.00 | 5.55±1.07 | 0.935 |
| **Controlled motivation | 4.96±1.32 | 4.75±1.38 | 5.04±1.29 | 0.162 | 5.19±1.16 | 4.79±1.42 | 0.027 |
Comparison of sociodemographic characteristics and professional plans by gender_
| Male n (%) | Female n (%) | Total n (%) | *p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year of study | 58 (27.62) | 152 (72.38) | 210 (100.00) | 0.284 |
| 1st | 18 | 50 | 68 (32.38) | |
| 2nd | 6 | 27 | 33 (15.71) | |
| 3rd | 7 | 16 | 23 (10.95) | |
| 4th | 6 | 21 | 27 (12.86) | |
| 5th | 11 | 27 | 38 (18.10) | |
| 6th | 10 | 11 | 21 (10.00) | |
| Age (years) | 0.683 | |||
| 19–20 | 21 | 65 | 86 (40.95) | |
| 21–23 | 23 | 53 | 76 (36.19) | |
| 24 and more | 14 | 34 | 48 (22.86) | |
| Most influential person in the choice to study medicine | 0.349 | |||
| Self | 47 | 133 | 180 (85.71) | |
| Parent(s) | 6 | 13 | 19 (9.05) | |
| Other | 5 | 6 | 11 (5.24) | |
| Family members as medical doctors | 1.000 | |||
| No | 33 | 86 | 119 (56.67) | |
| Yes | 25 | 66 | 91 (43.33) | |
| Father and/or mother | 12 | 17 | 29 (13.81) | |
| Grandfather and/or grandmother | 5 | 10 | 15 (7.14) | |
| Brother and/or sister | 7 | 8 | 15 (7.14) | |
| Other | 10 | 43 | 53 (25.24) | |
| Preferred sector of work | 0.397 | |||
| Public in Montenegro | 29 | 91 | 120 (57.14) | |
| Private in Montenegro | 7 | 18 | 25 (11.90) | |
| Other country | 9 | 25 | 34 (16.19) | |
| Other plans | 2 | 2 | 4 (1.90) | |
| Do not know | 11 | 16 | 27 (12.87) | |
| Preferred setting of work | 0.396 | |||
| Clinical Centre of Montenegro | 32 | 69 | 101 (48.10) | |
| Hospital | 4 | 16 | 20 (9.52) | |
| Outpatient clinic | 1 | 16 | 17 (8.10) | |
| Private practice | 9 | 23 | 32 (15.24) | |
| Medical faculty | 2 | 6 | 8 (3.81) | |
| Other | 5 | 14 | 19 (9.05) | |
| Do not know | 5 | 8 | 13 (6.18) | |
| Preferred professional plan | 0.657 | |||
| Surgical specialty | 16 | 28 | 44 (20.95) | |
| Non-surgical specialty | 14 | 48 | 62 (29.53) | |
| Family medicine | 1 | 3 | 4 (1.90) | |
| Research work | 4 | 11 | 15 (7.14) | |
| Preclinical specialty | 1 | 6 | 7 (3.33) | |
| Other | 14 | 42 | 56 (26.67) | |
| Do not know | 8 | 14 | 22 (10.48) | |
| Preferred specialization | 0.079 | |||
| Dermatovenerology | 2 | 5 | 7 (3.33) | |
| Public health | 1 | 2 | 3 (1.43) | |
| Gynaecology/Obstetrics | 2 | 10 | 12 (5.71) | |
| Surgery | 8 | 15 | 23 (10.95) | |
| Internal medicine | 10 | 19 | 29 (13.81) | |
| Neurosurgery | 3 | 3 | 6 (2.86) | |
| Neurology | 3 | 8 | 11 (5.24) | |
| Ophthalmology | 0 | 13 | 13 (6.19) | |
| Orthopaedics | 3 | 0 | 3 (1.43) | |
| Otorhinolaryngology | 2 | 2 | 4 (1.90) | |
| Paediatrics | 2 | 16 | 18 (8.58) | |
| Family medicine | 0 | 2 | 2 (0.95) | |
| Psychiatry | 2 | 2 | 4 (1.90) | |
| Radiology | 4 | 5 | 9 (4.29) | |
| Forensic medicine | 2 | 6 | 8 (3.81) | |
| Other | 14 | 44 | 58 (27.62) |