Multivariable-adjusted association of attitudes toward health promotion (ability to maintain and improve health) with socio-demographic factors and knowledge and practices regarding healthcare services, with the results from the binary logistic regression_
| Variable | ORa | 95%CIa | Pa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age-group: | |||
| 12–13 years | 1.00 | reference | 0.008 |
| 14–15 years | 1.16 | 1.04–1.28 | |
| Mother’s education: | |||
| High | 1.00 | reference | 0.001 |
| Middle/Low | 1.21 | 1.09–1.35 | |
| Economic situation: | |||
| Not poor | 1.00 | reference | <0.001 |
| Poor/very poor | 1.49 | 1.21–1.84 | |
| Do you know your rights to healthcare services? | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | reference | <0.001 |
| No | 1.31 | 1.15–1.49 | |
| Do you know where to receive healthcare services? | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | reference | <0.001 |
| No | 1.75 | 1.39–2.19 | |
| Excluding the vaccination calendar, have you ever consulted/visited a health professional? | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | reference | <0.001 |
| No | 1.24 | 1.09–1.40 |
Attitudes toward health promotion (ability to maintain and improve health) by other dimensions of knowledge and practices regarding healthcare services_
| Knowledge about and use of healthcare services | Best attitudes (N=5534) | Poor attitudes (N=2297) | Pb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Do you know your rights to healthcare services? | |||
| Yes | 4,357 (79.4)a | 1,579 (72.7) | <0.001 |
| No | 1,129 (20.6) | 592 (27.3) | |
| Do you know where to receive healthcare services? | |||
| Yes | 5,278 (96.0) | 1,989 (91.7) | <0.001 |
| No | 220 (4.0) | 179 (8.3) | |
| Do you know the location of health facilities in your area? | |||
| Yes | 4,883 (89.0) | 1,841 (85.3) | <0.001 |
| No | 603 (11.0) | 318 (14.7) | |
| Do you perceive any barriers to accessing healthcare services? | |||
| No | 3,216 (58.9) | 1,208 (56.0) | 0.022 |
| Yes | 2,241 (41.1) | 948 (44.0) | |
| Excluding the vaccination calendar, have you ever consulted/visited a health professional? | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 4,121 (75.3) | 1,498 (69.8) | |
| No | 1,352 (24.7) | 648 (30.2) |
Attitudes toward health promotion (ability to maintain and improve health) by socio-demographic factors in a nationwide sample of schoolchildren in Albania, 2022_
| Socio-demographic factor | Best attitudes (N=5534) | Poor attitudes (N=2297) | Pb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender: | |||
| Girls | 2,987 (71.1)a | 1,217 (28.9) | 0.426 |
| Boys | 2,547 (70.2) | 1,080 (29.8) | |
| Age: | |||
| 12–13 years | 2,755 (72.0) | 1,074 (28.0) | 0.015 |
| 14–15 years | 2,779 (69.4) | 1,223 (30.6) | |
| Place of residence: | |||
| Urban areas | 3,427 (70.8) | 1,411 (29.2) | 0.701 |
| Rural areas | 2,086 (70.4) | 876 (29.6) | |
| Ethnicity: | |||
| Roma/Egyptian community | 116 (66.7) | 58 (33.3) | 0.206 |
| Ethnic Albanian | 5,188 (71.1) | 2,111 (28.9) | |
| Mother’s education: | |||
| High | 2,213 (73.8) | 785 (26.2) | <0.001 |
| Middle/Low | 3,299 (69.8) | 1,424 (30.2) | |
| Economic situation: | |||
| Not poor | 5,234 (72.0) | 2,033 (28.0) | <0.001 |
| Poor/very poor | 289 (61.1) | 184 (38.9) |
Association of attitudes toward health promotion (ability to maintain and improve health) with the socio-demographic factors of the schoolchildren, with the results from the binary logistic regression_
| Variable | Left panel: unadjusted models | Right panel: multivariable-adjusted models | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | P | OR (95%CI) | P | |
| Gender: | ||||
| Girls | 1.00 (reference) | 0.422 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.951 |
| Boys | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | 1.01 (0.91–1.11) | ||
| Age-group: | ||||
| 12–13 years | 1.00 (reference) | 0.015 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.006 |
| 14–15 years | 1.13 (1.02–1.24) | 1.15 (1.04–1.28) | ||
| Place of residence: | ||||
| Urban areas | 1.00 (reference) | 0.700 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.507 |
| Rural areas | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) | 0.96 (0.87–1.07) | ||
| Ethnicity: | ||||
| Ethnic Albanian | 1.00 (reference) | 0.206 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.273 |
| Roma/Egyptian | 1.23 (0.89–1.69) | 1.20 (0.87–1.67) | ||
| Mother’s education: | ||||
| High | 1.00 (reference) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.001 |
| Middle/Low | 1.22 (1.10–1.35) | 1.19 (1.07–1.33) | ||
| Economic situation: | ||||
| Not poor | 1.00 (reference) | <0.001 | 1.00 (reference) | <0.001 |
| Poor/very poor | 1.64 (1.35–1.99) | 1.54 (1.26–1.88) | ||