Table 1.
Types of sleep studies.
| Type 1 PSG | Type 2 PSG | Type 3 PG | PG Type 4 PG | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location | ||||
| At home | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Sleep disorder laboratory (sleep lab) | ✓ | - | - | - |
| Under real-time technician supervision | ✓ | - | - | - |
| Channels | ||||
| Chest movement | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - |
| Snoring | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - |
| Airflow | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - |
| Arterial blood oxygen saturation | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Heart rate | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Electroencephalography | ✓ | ✓ | - | - |
| Electromyography | ✓ | ✓ | - | - |
| Electrooculography | ✓ | ✓ | - | - |
| Electrocardiography | ✓ | ✓ | - | - |
Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of the primary screening sample for OSA in a primary practice setting.
| ALL | Non-OSA (REI 0-4.9) | Mild (REI 5-14.9) | Moderate (REI 15-29.9) | Severe REI≥30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 153 | 78 (51%) | 42 (27.5%) | 23 (15%) | 10 (6.5%) |
| age (years) | 49.7±13.1 | 43.6 (±12.9) | 55 (±11.7) | 58.5 (±7) | 54.1 (±7.6) |
| sex (m) | 73 (47.7%) | 30 (38.5%) | 21 (50%) | 13 (56.5%) | 9 (90%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.0±4.9 | 26.1 (±4.1) | 29.1 (±4.9) | 30.6 (±4.4) | 33 (±5.4) |
Figure 1.
Scatterplot of manual REI against the Slovene SBQ in a primary practice setting.
Table 3.
Diagnostic characteristics of the Slovene SBQ in a primary practice setting at different SBQ cutoff values for different severities of OSA.
| SBQ cutoff | n (%) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| REI≥5 | |||||
| 1 | 74 (48.4) | 98.7 (94.7–100) | 11.5 (5.1–19.2) | 51.7 (49.7–54) | 90.9 (66.7– 100) |
| 2 | 67 (43.8) | 89.3 (81.3–96) | 56.4 (44.9–66.7) | 66.3 (60.6–72.2) | 84.8 (75.5–93.8) |
| 3+ | 49 (32) | 65.3 (54.7–76) | 87.2 (79.5–93.6) | 83.1 (74.6–91.1) | 72.3 (66.3–79.3) |
| 4 | 26 (17) | 34.7 (24–45.4) | 96.2 (91–100) | 90 (77.8–100) | 60.5 (56.6– 65) |
| 5 | 12 (7.8) | 16 (8–25.3) | 97.4 (93.6–100) | 86.7 (65–100) | 54.7 (52.1–57.6) |
| 6 | 5 (3.3) | 6.7 (1.3–13.3) | 97.4 (93.6–100) | 72.7 (33.3–100) | 52.1 (50.3–53.9) |
| 7 | 0 (0) | 0 (0–0) | 98.7 (96.2–100) | 0 (0–0) | 50.7 (50–51) |
| 8 | 0 (0) | 0 (0–0) | 100 (100–100) | 0 (0–0) | 51.0 (51–51) |
| REI≥15 | |||||
| 1 | 33 (21.6) | 100 (100–100) | 8.3 (4.2–13.3) | 23.1 (22.–24.1) | 100 (100–100) |
| 2 | 31 (20.3) | 93.9 (84.8–100) | 41.7 (33.3–50) | 30.8 (27.2–34.7) | 96.3 (90.6–100) |
| 3+ | 27 (17.6) | 81.8 (66.7–93.9) | 73.3 (65–80.8) | 45.8 (37.7–55.4) | 93.7 (89–97.9) |
| 4 | 15 (9.8) | 45.5 (27.3–63.6) | 88.3 (82.5–94.2) | 51.7 (36.7– 68.8) | 85.5 (81.7–89.6) |
| 5 | 11 (7.2) | 33.3 (18.2–48.5) | 97.5 (94.2–100) | 78.9 (57.1–100) | 84.2 (81.1–87.4) |
| 6 | 5 (3.3) | 15.2 (3–27.3) | 98.3 (95.8–100) | 72.7 (33.3–100) | 80.8 (78.8–83.2) |
| 7 | 0 (0) | 0 (0–0) | 99.2 (97.5–100) | 0 (0–0) | 78.3 (78–78.4) |
| 8 | 0 (0) | 0 (0–0) | 100 (100–100) | 0 (0–0) | 78.4 (78.4–78.4) |
| REI≥30 | |||||
| 1 | 10 (6.5) | 100 (100–100) | 7.0 (3.5–11.9) | 7.0 (6.8–7.4) | 100 (100–100) |
| 2 | 9 (5.9) | 90.0 (70–100) | 35.7 (28 –44.1) | 9.0 (6.8–10.6) | 98.1 (94–100) |
| 3+ | 9 (5.9) | 90.0 (70–100) | 65.0 (57.3–72.7) | 15.4 (11.4–19.6) | 99.0 (96.7–100) |
| 4 | 7 (4.6) | 70.0 (40–100) | 84.6 (78.3–90.2) | 24.2 (14.3–36) | 97.6 (95.2–100) |
| 5 | 6 (3.9) | 60.0 (30–90) | 94.4 (90.2–97.9) | 42.9 (23.5–66.7) | 97.1 (95–99.3) |
| 6 | 4 (2.6) | 40.0 (10–70) | 97.9 (95.1–100) | 58.3 (25–100) | 95.9 (94–97.9) |
| 7 | 0 (0) | 0 (0– 0) | 99.3 (97.9–100) | 0 (0–0) | 93.4 (93.3–93.5) |
| 8 | 0 (0) | 0 (0–0) | 100 (100–100) | 0 (0–0) | 93.5 (93.5–93.5) |
1 Legend: CI = confidence interval; NPV = negative predictive value; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea; PPV = positive predictive value; REI = respiratory event index; SBQ = STOP-BANG questionnaire. +The shaded areas indicate optimal values according to Youden’s index, which was 3 in for all severities of OSA.
Figure 2.
ROC for the Slovene SBQ in the primary practice setting at the threshold values of manual REI≥5, ≥15, and ≥30.