Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Characteristics of aggressive incidents_
| Characteristics of aggression | Aggressive incidents: n (%) |
|---|---|
| Provocation | |
| No | 442 (47.9) |
| Other patients | 68 (7.4) |
| Help with ADL | 50 (5.4) |
| Patient being denied something | 179 (19.4) |
| Required taking medication | 79 (8.6) |
| Other1 | 130 (14.1) |
| Means used by the patient | |
| Verbal aggression | 718 (77.9) |
| Ordinary objects: | |
| Chair, glass | 47 (5.1) |
| Other2 | 125 (13.6) |
| Parts of the body: | |
| Hand, foot, teeth | 475 (51.5) |
| Other3 | 33 (3.6) |
| Dangerous objects: | |
| Knife | 1 (0.1) |
| Strangulation | 4 (0.4) |
| Other4 | 12 (1.3) |
| Target of aggression | |
| Nothing | 39 (4.2) |
| Objects | 170 (18.4) |
| Other patients | 161 (17.5) |
| Patient self | 71 (7.7) |
| Staff members | 696 (75.5) |
| Other persons | 23 (2.5) |
| Consequences for victims | |
| No | 314 (34.1) |
| Objects | 53 (5.7) |
| Persons: | |
| Felt threatened | 539 (58.5) |
| Pain | 55 (6.0) |
| Visible injury | 36 (3.9) |
| Need for treatment | 9 (0.9) |
| Measures to stop aggression | |
| None | 13 (1.4) |
| Talk to patient | 749 (81.2) |
| Calmly brought away | 137 (14.9) |
| Oral medication | 197 (21.4) |
| Parenteral medication | 214 (23.2) |
| Held with force | 96 (10.4) |
| Seclusion | 22 (2.4) |
| Physical restraints | 570 (61.8) |
| Other measures5 | 6 (0.7) |
Patient-based and event-based aggression incidence rates_
| Aggressive behaviour | All | Severe | Verbal | Physical |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 427 | 352 | 370 | 260 |
| Proportion of patients with aggressive behaviour, % | 13.4 | 11.0 | 11.6 | 8.2 |
| Average number of incidents per patient | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
| Incidents, n | 922 | 683 | 718 | 494 |
| Incidence per 100 occupied bed days, 95% CI | 2.98 | 2.21 | 2.32 | 1.60 |
| [2.80;3.18] | [2.05;2.38] | [2.16;2.50) | [1.46;1.75] | |
| Incidence per bed per year | 9.48 | 7.02 | 7.38 | 5.08 |
| Incidence per 100 patients | 28.90 | 21.41 | 22.51 | 15.49 |