Figure 1.
Descriptive statistics for the motor imagery scores: kinaesthetic and visual (internal and external) scales at Day 1 and Day 8_
| Dimensions | n | Mean | Standard deviation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 (test) | |||
| KI | 100 | 4.67 | 1.28 |
| IVI | 100 | 5.32 | 1.09 |
| EVI | 100 | 5.26 | 1.32 |
| VI-comb | 100 | 5.29 | 1.08 |
| Day 8 (re-test) | |||
| KI | 100 | 4.59 | 1.24 |
| IVI | 100 | 5.26 | 1.10 |
| EVI | 100 | 5.15 | 1.16 |
| VI-comb | 100 | 5.21 | 0.95 |
Results of exploratory factor analysis for the Slovenian version of the MIQ-C_
| Component | Initial Eigenvalues | Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | % of Variance | Cumulative % | CV (%) | % of Variance | Cumulative % | |
| 1 | 4.928 | 41.068 | 41.068 | 4.928 | 41.068 | 41.068 |
| 2 | 1.487 | 12.392 | 53.461 | 1.487 | 12.392 | 53.461 |
| 3 | 1.029 | 8.578 | 62.039 | 1.029 | 8.578 | 62.039 |
| 4 | 0.975 | 8.128 | 70.167 | |||
| 5 | 0.693 | 5.772 | 75.938 | |||
| 6 | 0.642 | 5.350 | 81.289 | |||
| 7 | 0.560 | 4.665 | 85.954 | |||
| 8 | 0.460 | 3.830 | 89.784 | |||
| 9 | 0.405 | 3.375 | 93.159 | |||
| 10 | 0.370 | 3.083 | 96.242 | |||
| 11 | 0.260 | 2.163 | 98.405 | |||
| 12 | 0.191 | 1.595 | 100.000 | |||
Between Day 1 and Day 8 reliability analysis of the kinaesthetic and visual (internal and external) motor imagery scales_
| Variable | Day 1 | Day 8 | PANOVA | CV (%) | MDC | SEM | ICC (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KI | 4.67±1.28 | 4.59±1.24 | 0.296 | 10.5 | 0.56 points | 0.40 | 0.90 (0.86–0.94) |
| IVI | 5.32±1.09* | 5.26±1.10* | 0.308 | 7.0 | 0.44 points | 0.31 | 0.92 (0.87–0.94) |
| EVI | 5.26±1.32* | 5.15±1.16* | 0.132 | 6.4 | 0.55 points | 0.39 | 0.90 (0.85–0.93) |
Differences in imagery ability scores for kinaesthetic and visual (internal and external) scales considering participants’ gender and athletic status_ Data were presented as Means ± Standard Deviations (SD) for all participants assessed in Day 1 (n=100)_
| Dimensions | Category | Number of subjects | Mean±SD | P value between groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KI | Gender | |||
| females | 50 | 4.49±1.35 | ||
| males | 50 | 4.84±1.21 | 0.970 | |
| Athlete or non-athlete | ||||
| athlete | 39 | 4.91±1.31 | ||
| non-athlete | 61 | 4.50±1.24 | 0.083 | |
| IVI | Gender | |||
| females | 50 | 5.36±1.07 | ||
| males | 50 | 5.28±1.13 | 0.388 | |
| Athlete or non-athlete | ||||
| athlete | 39 | 5.34±1.02 | ||
| non-athlete | 61 | 5.25±1.13 | 0.661 | |
| EVI | Gender | |||
| females | 50 | 5.16±1.34 | ||
| males | 50 | 5.38±1.32 | 0.890 | |
| Athlete or non-athlete | ||||
| athlete | 39 | 5.23±1.21 | ||
| non-athlete | 61 | 5.21±1.37 | 0.964 |
MIQ-C confirmatory factor analysis goodness-of-fit indices for the models with a proper solution_
| Model | Chi2 | df | p | CFI | TLI | RMR/SRMR | RMSEA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present Study | |||||||
| MODEL 1 (EVI vs. IVI vs. KI) | 94.924 | 51 | <0.001 | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.114 | 0.09 |
| MODEL 2 (EVI and IVI vs. KI) | 115.028 | 53 | <0.001 | 0.86 | 0.82 | 0.130 | 0.11 |
| MODEL 3 (IVI and KI vs. EVI) | 135.022 | 53 | <0.001 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.162 | 0.12 |
| Previous Study (25) | |||||||
| MODEL 1 (EVI vs. IVI vs. KI) | 75.403 | 51 | 0.015 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.108 | 0.07 |
| MODEL 2 (EVI and IVI vs. KI) | 91.36 | 53 | 0.001 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.120 | 0.09 |
| MODEL 3 (IVI and KI vs. EVI) | 191.10 | 53 | <0.001 | 0.67 | 0.59 | 0.332 | 0.18 |
Analysis of the means, standard deviations, minimum and maximum scores for each item at Day 1 (n=100 subjects)_
| Items | Scale | Mean score | Standard deviation | Minimum score | Maximum score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | KI | 4.50 | 1.62 | 1 | 7 |
| 2 | IV | 5.04 | 1.59 | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | EVI | 5.30 | 1.62 | 1 | 7 |
| 4 | KI | 4.75 | 1.55 | 1 | 7 |
| 5 | IV | 4.95 | 1.70 | 1 | 7 |
| 6 | EVI | 5.33 | 1.55 | 1 | 7 |
| 7 | KI | 4.76 | 1.66 | 1 | 7 |
| 8 | IV | 5.60 | 1.36 | 1 | 7 |
| 9 | EVI | 5.13 | 1.70 | 1 | 7 |
| 10 | KI | 4.67 | 1.62 | 1 | 7 |
| 11 | IV | 5.70 | 1.27 | 1 | 7 |
| 12 | EVI | 5.30 | 1.67 | 1 | 7 |