The 12-month prevalence of pain lasting >3 days due to work-related musculoskeletal disorders_
| Location of pain | Category | Physiotherapists (n=62) | Students (n=100) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ncat(%) | Ncat(%) | |||
| Any location | No | 22(36.1%) | 53(53.5%) | 0.031* |
| Yes | 39(63.9%) | 46(46.5%) | ||
| Neck | No | 48(77.4%) | 88(88.0%) | 0.075* |
| Yes | 14(22.6%) | 12(12.0%) | ||
| Shoulder | No | 47(75.8%) | 91(91.0%) | 0.008* |
| Yes | 15(24.2%) | 9(9.0%) | ||
| Upper back | No | 49(79.0%) | 88(88.0%) | 0.125* |
| Yes | 13(21.0%) | 12(12.0%) | ||
| Elbow and forearm | No | 55(88.7%) | 97(97.0%) | 0.033# |
| Yes | 7(11.3%) | 3(3.0%) | ||
| Lower back | No | 43(69.4%) | 67(67.0%) | 0.775* |
| Yes | 19(30.6%) | 33(33.0%) | ||
| Wrist and hand | No | 52(83.9%) | 97(97.0%) | 0.003# |
| Yes | 10(16.1%) | 3(3.0%) | ||
| Thumb | No | 56(90.3%) | 100(100.0%) | 0.002# |
| Yes | 6(9.7%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
| Hip and thigh | No | 57(91.9%) | 98(98.0%) | 0.065# |
| Yes | 5(8.1%) | 2(2.0%) | ||
| Knee | No | 55(88.7%) | 90(90.0%) | 0.795* |
| Yes | 7(11.3%) | 10(10.0%) | ||
| Ankle and foot | No | 61(98.4%) | 94(94.0%) | 0.182# |
| Yes | 1(1.6%) | 6(6.0%) |
Physical fitness tests results_
| Physical fitness component | Category | Physiotherapists (n=62) | Students (n=100) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body composition | Underweight | 0(0.0%) | 4(4.0%) | <0.001# |
| Normal weight | 26(41.9%) | 76(76.0%) | ||
| Overweight | 31(50.0%) | 17 17.0%) | ||
| Obese | 5(8.1%) | 3(3.0%) | ||
| Cardiorespiratory endurance | Poor | 30(48.4%) | 20(20.0%) | 0.003# |
| Low average | 0(0.0%) | 1(1.0%) | ||
| Average | 4(6.5%) | 16(16.0%) | ||
| Good | 16(25.8%) | 38(38.0%) | ||
| Excellent | 12(19.4%) | 25(25.0%) | ||
| Muscular endurance | Poor | 31(50.0%) | 11(11.0%) | <0.001# |
| Low average | 9(14.5%) | 16(16.0%) | ||
| Average | 8(12.9%) | 15(15.0%) | ||
| Good | 6(9.7%) | 16(16.0%) | ||
| Excellent | 8(12.9%) | 42(42.0%) | ||
| Muscular strength | Poor | 7(11.3%) | 5(15.0%) | 0.421* |
| Low average | 22(35.5%) | 25(25.0%) | ||
| Average | 12(19.4%) | 14(14.0%) | ||
| Good | 13(21.0%) | 28(28.0%) | ||
| Excellent | 8(12.9%) | 18(18.0%) | ||
| Flexibility | Very poor | 6(9.7%) | 33(33.0%) | 0.002# |
| Poor | 20(32.3%) | 33(33.0%) | ||
| Fair | 19(30.6%) | 25(25.0%) | ||
| Average | 10(16.1%) | 7(7.0%) | ||
| Good | 5(8.1%) | 1(1.0%) | ||
| Excellent | 1(1.6%) | 1(1.0%) | ||
| Outstanding | 1(1.6%) | 0(0.0%) |
Results of multiple binary logistic regression analysis of the association between pain associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders, and physical fitness and socio-demographic factors_
| Health outcomes | PF and socio-demographic factors | Category | OR(95% CI limits) | pV | pHL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neck pain | Poor body composition | No | 1.00 | 0.529 | |
| Yes | 0.76(0.28-2.09) | 0.599 | |||
| Poor cardiorespiratory endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.50(0.17-1.50) | 0.218 | |||
| Poor muscular endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 2.30(0.77-6.86) | 0.134 | |||
| Poor muscular strength | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.55(0.17-1.83) | 0.331 | |||
| Poor flexibility | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.65(0.17-2.49) | 0.531 | |||
| Group | Students | 1.00 | |||
| Physiotherapists | 3.16(0.80-12.41) | 0.099 | |||
| Sex | Males | 1.00 | |||
| Females | 1.04(0.37-2.90) | 0.938 | |||
| Shoulder pain | Poor body composition | No | 1.00 | 0.706 | |
| Yes | 0.72(0.24-2.12) | 0.554 | |||
| Poor cardiorespiratory endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.27(0.08-0.90) | 0.033 | |||
| Poor muscular endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 2.37(0.70-8.00) | 0.164 | |||
| Poor muscular strength | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.50(0.13-1.84) | 0.297 | |||
| Poor flexibility | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.02(0.18-5.65) | 0.981 | |||
| Group | Students | 1.00 | |||
| Physiotherapists | 6.96(1.55-31.09) | 0.011 | |||
| Sex | Males | 1.00 | |||
| Females | 2.41(0.68-8.54) | 0.172 | |||
| Upper back pain | Poor body composition | No | 1.00 | 0.851 | |
| Yes | 0.72(0.26-1.99) | 0.531 | |||
| Poor cardiorespiratory endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.79(0.27-2.32) | 0.668 | |||
| Poor muscular endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.98(0.65-6.00) | 0.227 | |||
| Poor muscular strength | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.40(0.42-4.66) | 0.581 | |||
| Poor flexibility | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.30(0.25-6.90) | 0.752 | |||
| Group | Students | 1.00 | |||
| Physiotherapists | 1.34(0.34-5.35) | 0.678 | |||
| Sex | Males | 1.00 | |||
| Females | 1.65(0.54-5.03) | 0.380 | |||
| Elbow and forearm pain | Poor body composition | No | 1.00 | 0.822 | |
| Yes | 1.05(0.22-4.98) | 0.953 | |||
| Poor cardiorespiratory endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.63(0.10-3.60) | 0.601 | |||
| Poor muscular endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 2.80(0.45-17.03) | 0.265 | |||
| Poor muscular strength | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.58(0.09-3.41) | 0.547 | |||
| Poor flexibility | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.17(0.03-0.92) | 0.040 | |||
| Group | Students | 1.00 | |||
| Physiotherapists | 5.09(0.56-45.88) | 0.147 | |||
| Sex | Males | 1.00 | |||
| Females | 0.59(0.12-2.84) | 0.514 | |||
| Lower back pain | Poor body composition | No | 1.00 | 0.441 | |
| Yes | 0.51(0.23-1.16) | 0.109 | |||
| Poor cardiorespiratory endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.21(0.52-2.81) | 0.656 | |||
| Poor muscular endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.86(0.81-4.28) | 0.141 | |||
| Poor muscular strength | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.72(0.28-1.83) | 0.486 | |||
| Poor flexibility | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.97(0.31-2.96) | 0.953 | |||
| Group | Students | 1.00 | |||
| Physiotherapists | 0.92(0.30-2.75) | 0.877 | |||
| Sex | Males | 1.00 | |||
| Females | 0.59(0.28-1.30) | 0.190 | |||
| Wrist and hand pain | Poor body composition | No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.11(0.29-4.15) | 0.874 | 0.272 | ||
| Poor cardiorespiratory endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.62(0.37-6.98) | 0.520 | |||
| Poor muscular endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.53(0.31-7.45) | 0.599 | |||
| Poor muscular strength | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.49(0.29-7.48) | 0.627 | |||
| Poor flexibility | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.75(0.12-4.52) | 0.756 | |||
| Group | Students | 1.00 | |||
| Physiotherapists | 2.91(0.40-21.04) | 0.291 | |||
| Sex | Males | 1.00 | |||
| Females | 0.89(0.22-3.54) | 0.869 | |||
| Hip and thigh pain | Poor body composition | No | 1.00 | 0.113 | |
| Yes | 0.76(0.10-5.69) | 0.796 | |||
| Poor cardiorespiratory endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.19(0.02-1.86) | 0.157 | |||
| Poor muscular endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.59(0.08-4.03) | 0.588 | |||
| Poor muscular strength | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 2.69(0.28-26.14) | 0.394 | |||
| Poor flexibility | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.06(0.01-0.54) | 0.013 | |||
| Group | Students | 1.00 | |||
| Physiotherapists | 7.23(0.50-103.64) | 0.145 | |||
| Sex | Males | 1.00 | |||
| Females | 1.85(0.22-15.18) | 0.567 | |||
| Knee pain | Poor body composition | No | 1.00 | 0.377 | |
| Yes | 0.88(0.27-2.86) | 0.833 | |||
| Poor cardiorespiratory endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 4.03(1.12-14.58) | 0.033 | |||
| Poor muscular endurance | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.66(0.19-2.35) | 0.525 | |||
| Poor muscular strength | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.44(0.10-1.97) | 0.287 | |||
| Poor flexibility | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.66(0.15-2.94) | 0.583 | |||
| Group | Students | 1.00 | |||
| Physiotherapists | 1.19(0.23-6.14) | 0.835 | |||
| Sex | Males | 1.00 | |||
| Females | 0.82(0.26-2.64) | 0.742 |