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Development and validation of questionnaires on professional drivers’ knowledge and attitudes about various medications’ influence on driving ability Cover

Development and validation of questionnaires on professional drivers’ knowledge and attitudes about various medications’ influence on driving ability

Open Access
|Jan 2022

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Reliability and internal consistency testing.

Part 1Part 2
QDK-IMDAFirst survey0.9840.6360.9720.9730.939
Second survey0.9850.6460.9730.9730.942
Third survey0.9750.5250.9420.9740.935
QDA-IMDAFirst survey0.9440.6790.9560.8110.940
Second survey0.9470.6920.9570.8230.946
Third survey0.9490.7000.9600.8230.950
Table 2

The items of both questionnaires.

Questionnaire for assessing professional drivers’ knowledge about influence of medications on driving abilities – QPDK-IMDA
1. The driving of a motor vehicle in traffic on the road under the influence of alcohol and/or psychoactive substances is considered a violation according to the Act about road traffic safety
2. Medications may influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
3. Some medications strongly influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
4. Alcohol influences psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
5. Narcotic drugs strongly influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
6. Medications used in the treatment of insomnia and anxiety can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
7. Medications used in the treatment of psychiatric diseases (depression, psychosis, etc.) can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
8. Medications used in the treatment of neurological diseases (epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease ...) can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
9. Medications used in the treatment of severe pain can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
10. Medications used in the treatment of allergies, flu, and colds can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
11. Medications used in the treatment of infectious diseases (antibiotics, antimycotics, antivirals) can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
12. Medications used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease (hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac insufficiency...) can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
13. Medications used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
14. Medications that are dispensed without a medical prescription can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
15. Herbal remedies can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
16. Dietary supplements can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
17. Medications that influence eyesight can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
18. Medications that influence hearing can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
19. Medications that cause drowsiness, dizziness, and mood swings can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
20. Medications that reduce the power of observation, the power of reasoning, and the rate of reaction can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
21. Medications whose packaging is marked with the symbol Δ should not be used before driving motor vehicles and machinery, because they can influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
22. Medications whose packaging is marked with the symbol ▲ should not be used before driving motor vehicles and machinery, because they can strongly influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
23. Medications whose packaging is marked with the symbol § should not be used before driving motor vehicles and machinery, because they can strongly influence psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles or machines
24. Medications that may adversely influence the psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines should be marked with clearer and more understandable symbols on their outer packaging
25. For medications that may adversely influence the psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines, such information must be in the patient’s informational leaflet
26. Medications that are dispensed without a medical prescription, herbal remedies, and dietary supplements that may influence the psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines should be adequately labeled, by warning symbols, as medications with a prescription regimen
27. For further information about certain medications’ influence on psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines, or in the event of using a large number of drugs, it is necessary to contact a pharmacist and/or physician
28. During dispensing/selling medications, herbal remedies, and dietary supplements that influence psychophysical abilities, it is necessary to give each patient additional information about effects on the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines
29. During dispensing/selling medications, herbal remedies, and dietary supplements that influence psychophysical abilities, it is necessary to give each patient an educational leaflet about effects on the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines
30. It is necessary to periodically conduct educational campaigns in print and electronic media, in cooperation with pharmacies, health institutions, and state institutions, in order to raise awareness and improve drivers’ knowledge about the influence of medications, herbal remedies, and dietary supplements on psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines
31. Never operate a motor vehicle or machine under the influence of alcohol, narcotic drugs, or medications that influence the psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines
32. Before using any medicinal product, herbal remedy, and/or dietary supplement, be sure to read the instructions for use, where information about the influence on psychophysical abilities and the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines is located
33. If drowsiness, dizziness, vision, or hearing impairment occur when driving a motor vehicle or machines, immediately stop driving
34. No matter how necessary it may seem, motor vehicles or machines should not be driven if the driver feels tired, has a high temperature, feels severe pain, or is under psychological stress
35. If the driver notices that some of the medications influence their psychophysical abilities and ability to drive motor vehicles and machines, do not try to alleviate these symptoms using energy drinks and/ or alcoholic beverages, because such a combination may exacerbate the symptoms
Questionnaire for assessing professional drivers’ attitudes about influence of medications on driving abilities – QPDA-IMDA
1.Do you consider that alcohol can influence the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines?
2.Do you consider that some medications can influence the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines?
3.Do you consider that the combination of alcohol with medications can have a negative influence on the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines?
4.Do you consider drivers should be provided with information about the influence of medications, alcohol and narcotic drugs on the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines?
5.Do you consider that health professionals should provide more information to drivers about the influence of medications, alcohol and narcotic drugs on the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines?
6.Do you consider that drivers need to provide more information through the media about the influence of medications, alcohol and narcotic drugs on the ability to drive motor vehicle and machines?
7.Do you consider that the warning symbols on the outer package of medications are understandable (Δ, ▲, §)?
8.Do you consider that the warning symbols on the outer package of medications (Δ, ▲, §) should be replaced with different symbols which understandably and more clearly indicate that the medications influence the ability to drive motor vehicles and machines?
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2022-0006 | Journal eISSN: 1854-2476 | Journal ISSN: 0351-0026
Language: English, Slovenian
Page range: 32 - 39
Submitted on: May 17, 2021
Accepted on: Nov 19, 2021
Published on: Jan 3, 2022
Published by: National Institute of Public Health, Slovenia
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2022 Roland Antonić, Slobodan Janković, Marko Folić, published by National Institute of Public Health, Slovenia
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.