Table 1
Clinical characteristics of participants.
| Variable | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Signs of depression | ||
| No | 945 | 95.8 |
| Yes | 41 | 4.2 |
| Physical activity | ||
| Inadequate | 75 | 7.6 |
| Adequate/borderline | 911 | 92.4 |
| Alcohol consumption status | ||
| Abstinent | 49 | 5.0 |
| Non-risky drinking | 897 | 91.0 |
| Risky drinking | 40 | 4.1 |
| Smoking | ||
| No | 852 | 86.4 |
| Yes | 134 | 13.6 |
| Framingham cardiovascular risk score | ||
| <5% | 628 | 63.7 |
| 5-10% | 203 | 20.6 |
| 10-20% | 113 | 11.5 |
| 20-40% | 42 | 4.3 |
| Nutrition | ||
| Inappropriate | 611 | 62.0 |
| Satisfactory | 303 | 30.7 |
| Appropriate | 72 | 7.3 |
| Perception of stress | ||
| Low risk | 952 | 96.6 |
| High risk | 34 | 3.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||
| ≤25 | 482 | 48.9 |
| 25-9.9 | 368 | 37.3 |
| ≥30 | 136 | 13.8 |
| High blood pressure (>140 mmHgsystolic/90 mmHgdiastolic) | 120 | 12.2 |
| High blood glucose (>7 mmol/L) | 6 | 0.6 |
| High serum cholesterol (>5 mmol/L) | 225 | 22.8 |
| High serum triglycerides (>2 mmol/L) | 102 | 10.3 |
| Low serum HDL (<1.2 mmol/Lmen; <1.0 mmol/Lwomen) | 115 | 11.7 |
| High serum LDL (>3 mmol/L) | 637 | 64.6 |
Table 2
Biochemical and other measures.
| Variable | Mean | Standard deviation | min | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 | 4.9 | 16.5 | 65.6 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122.7 | 13.9 | 85 | 176 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.4 | 9.7 | 50 | 132 |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.1 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 10.0 |
| Serum cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.3 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 10.8 |
| Serum triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 7.8 |
| Serum HDL (mmol/L) | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 5.0 |
| Serum LDL (mmol/L) | 3.3 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 7.6 |
Table 3
Associations between demographic values, health status and EQ-5D utility index.
| Odds ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.94 | 0.92 | 0.96 | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1.00 | |||
| Female | 0.64 | 0.45 | 0.89 | 0.009 |
| Signs of depression | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 | |||
| No | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.19 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Inadequate | 1.00 | |||
| Adequate/borderline | 2.08 | 1.29 | 3.35 | 0.003 |
| Alcohol drinking status | ||||
| Abstinent | 1.00 | |||
| Non-risky drinking | 0.79 | 0.41 | 1.52 | 0.474 |
| Risky drinking | 0.75 | 0.29 | 1.96 | 0.558 |
| Smoking | ||||
| No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.01 | 0.67 | 1.54 | 0.948 |
| Nutrition | ||||
| Inappropriate | 1.00 | |||
| Satisfactory | 1.34 | 0.98 | 1.82 | 0.067 |
| Appropriate | 1.34 | 0.74 | 2.40 | 0.332 |
| Perception of stress | ||||
| Low risk | 1.00 | |||
| High risk | 0.43 | 0.22 | 0.84 | 0.013 |
| Framingham cardiovascular risk score | ||||
| <5% | 1.00 | |||
| 5-10% | 0.80 | 0.55 | 1.18 | 0.260 |
| 10-20% | 1.18 | 0.68 | 2.07 | 0.553 |
| 20-40% | 0.94 | 0.45 | 1.97 | 0.870 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| ≥25 | 1.00 | |||
| 25-29.9 | 0.78 | 0.57 | 1.08 | 0.139 |
| ≤30 | 0.66 | 0.43 | 1.02 | 0.058 |
| High blood pressure (>140 mmHgsystolic /90 mmHgdiastolic) | ||||
| No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.78 | 0.51 | 1.20 | 0.257 |
| High blood glucose (>7 mmol/L) | ||||
| No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.47 | 0.10 | 2.25 | 0.343 |
| High serum cholesterol (>5 mmol/L) | ||||
| No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.26 | 0.86 | 1.84 | 0.229 |
| High serum triglycerides (>2 mmol/L) | ||||
| No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.98 | 0.60 | 1.62 | 0.943 |
| Low serum HDL (<1.2 mmol/ Lmen; <1.0 mmol/Lwomen) | ||||
| No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.95 | 0.57 | 1.59 | 0.843 |
| High serum LDL (>3 mmol/L) | ||||
| No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.97 | 0.70 | 1.34 | 0.840 |