Table 1
Socio-demographic characteristics of the research sample.
| Variables | n (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | male | 86 (33.0) |
| female | 175 (67.0) | |
| Age groups (years) | 20–29 | 23 (8.8) |
| 30–39 | 87 (33.3) | |
| 40–49 | 76 (29.1) | |
| 50–59 | 56 (21.5) | |
| 60– | 19 (7.3) | |
| Marital status | married or partnership | 182 (69.8) |
| divorced | 31 (11.9) | |
| single | 45 (17.2) | |
| widowed | 3 (1.1) | |
| Level of education | secondary | 25 (9.5) |
| higher | 236 (90.5) |
Table 2
Work environment characteristics resulting from the principal component analysis; the incidence of individual components in the complete sample.
| Variables | n (%) | Component loads | Defined variance | Cronbach’s alpha |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Component 1: Job demands | 14.712 | 0.796 | ||
| strict deadlines | 80.4 | 0.777 | ||
| difficulty in meeting requirements | 56.7 | 0.760 | ||
| frequent overwork | 64.2 | 0.730 | ||
| intensity of work | 45.8 | 0.675 | ||
| communication problems | 47.5 | 0.612 | ||
| Component 2: Autonomy | 13.178 | 0.757 | ||
| possibility of independent decisions | 80.8 | 0.846 | ||
| work requiring many autonomous ideas and inventiveness | 87.7 | 0.819 | ||
| possibility of utilising own knowledge and skills | 84.7 | 0.707 | ||
| possibility of job promotion | 56.5 | 0.600 | ||
| Component 3: Biological, chemical agents | 12.148 | 0.622 | ||
| accident risks | 22.6 | 0.760 | ||
| infection risks | 34.2 | 0.749 | ||
| lifting heavy objects, uncomfortable posture | 12.6 | 0.731 | ||
| chemicals, dust, gas, smoke, steam | 27.6 | 0.615 | ||
| Component 4: Negative social interactions | 10.908 | 0.739 | ||
| violent behaviour of colleagues | 11.5 | 0.823 | ||
| discrimination | 12.3 | 0.806 | ||
| bullying | 17.2 | 0.710 | ||
| Component 5: Physical agents | 9.2 | 9.790 | 0.590 | |
| effects of heat | 13.4 | 0.859 | ||
| effects of radiation | 37.9 | 0.720 | ||
| noise, vibration | 0.548 |
Table 3
Psychosocial principle components (1, 2, 4) by sex.
| Male | Female | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean rank | Mean rank | ||
| Job demands (1) | 141.69 | 125.07 | 0.095 |
| Autonomy (2) | 147.54 | 122.23 | 0.011 |
| Negative social interactions (4) | 120.89 | 135.17 | 0.151 |
Table 4
The association between psychosocial principal components (1, 2, 4) and relationships at and the satisfaction with work.
| n (%) | Mean rank | P-value* | Mean rank | P-value* | Mean rank | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relationship to colleagues | 0.099 | 0.052 | 0.0001 | ||||
| A) Harmonious, they can work well together. | 91 (34.9) | 121.37 | 139.01 | 118.70 | |||
| B) They usually get along well with each other. | 141 (54.4) | 130.62 | 132.08 | 128.18 | |||
| C) There are greater or lesser disputes. | 24 (9.2) | 164.56 | 97.81 | 169.60 | |||
| D) Conflicts, with frequent disputes. | 4 (1.5) | 129.75 | 77.50 | 246.00 | |||
| Relationship to superiors | 0.018 | 0.0022 | 0.0043 | ||||
| A) Harmonious, they can work well together. | 102 (39.1) | 114.47 | 149.12 | 124.97 | |||
| B) They usually get along well with each other. | 119 (46.0) | 135.51 | 121.59 | 123.30 | |||
| C) There are greater or lesser disputes. | 27 (10.3) | 155.98 | 124.61 | 153.50 | |||
| D) Conflicts, with frequent disputes. | 12 (4.6) | 159.75 | 73.83 | 197.17 | |||
| Financial appreciation | 0.0054 | 0.0015 | 0.0226 | ||||
| A) yes | 58 (22.2) | 106.87 | 149.96 | 112.27 | |||
| B) partly | 123 (47.5) | 129.61 | 137.09 | 128.04 | |||
| C) no | 79 (30.3) | 149.24 | 105.96 | 147.71 | |||
| Professional appreciation | 0.0007 | 0.0008 | 0.061 | ||||
| A) yes | 119 (46.0) | 109.04 | 156.97 | 125.28 | |||
| B) partly | 108 (41.4) | 149.61 | 114.62 | 127.44 | |||
| C) no | 33 (12.6) | 145.33 | 87.03 | 159.33 | |||
| Moral appreciation | 0.0009 | 0.00110 | 0.00011 | ||||
| A) yes | 145 (55.9) | 113.63 | 143.69 | 118.02 | |||
| B) partly | 86 (33.0) | 148.37 | 122.76 | 131.62 | |||
| C) no | 29 (11.1) | 161.83 | 87.52 | 189.59 |
[i] *Results of Kruskal-Wallis test; Bonferroni correction for multiple tests.
1 Significant results of post hoc testing (p-value): A and D (0.006); B and D (0.012); A and C (0.019)
2 Significant results of post hoc testing (p-value): A and D (0.006); A and B (0.040)
3 Significant results of post hoc testing (p-value): A and D (0.010); B and D (0.007)
4 Significant results of post hoc testing (p-value): A and C (0.003)
5 Significant results of post hoc testing (p-value): A and C (0.002); C and B (0.012)
6 Significant results of post hoc testing (p-value): A and C (0.019)
7 Significant results of post hoc testing (p-value): A and C (0.043); A and B (0.000)
8 Significant results of post hoc testing (p-value): A and C (0.000); A and B (0.000)
9 Significant results of post hoc testing (p-value): A and B (0.002); A and C (0.005)
10 Significant results of post hoc testing (p-value): A and C (0.001)
11 Significant results of post hoc testing (p-value): A and C (0.000); B and C (0.001)