Figure 1
Selection of documents in a systematic review of the literature on barriers affecting oral health of people diagnosed with depression listed by reference, country, year of study, study design, age, number of participants, and observed barriers_
| Module name | Country | Year of the study | Study design | Age of the observed population | No. of depressed participants | Medical barriers | Psychological barriers | Other barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delgado-Angulo et al. (26) | Finland | 2015 | cross-sectional study | 30 years and older | 1.229 | level/severity of depression | / | consummation of sugar, number of tooth brushing, nonsmokers, number of regular check-ups |
| Jin Park et al. (27) | Korea | 2014 | cross-sectional study | 19 years and older | 6.139 | level/severity of depression | self-perceived oral health | / |
| Marques-Vida et al. (28) | Portugal | 2006 | cross-sectional study | average age 21 | 388 | level/severity of depression | anxiety | / |
| Skośkiewicz- Malinowska et al. (29) | Poland | 2018 | cross-sectional study | over 65 years | 500 | level/severity of depression | / | socio-demographic |
| Houtjes et al. (30) | Netherlands | 2011 | cross-sectional study | 58 years and older | 99 | level/severity of depression, physical health, medication | self-perceived oral health | socio-economic characteristics |
| McFarland et al. (31) | US | 2010 | cross-sectional study | 19 years and older | 399 | level/severity of depression | self-efficacy | oral health behaviour |
| Heaton et al. (32) | US | 2013 | cross-sectional study | 21 years and older | 2.024 | / | / | age, income, insurance |
| Teng et al. (33) | Taiwan | 2016 | cross-sectional study | 18 years and older | 7.625 | / | / | income, dental insurance |
| Okoro et al. (34) | US | 2012 | cross-sectional study | 18 years and older | 19.397 | level/severity of depression | / | / |
| Pohjola et al. (35) | Finnish | 2011 | cross-sectional study | 30 years and older | 644 | / | dental fear | socio-economic and socio-demographic |
| Persson et al. (36) | Sweden | 2010 | cohort study | 18 years and older | 10 | / | dental fear, low self-care | / |
| DiMatteo et al. (37) | - | 2000 | cohort study | - | - | / | noncompliance | / |
| Bernson et al. (38) | Sweden | 2012 | case-control study | 18 years and older | 404 | / | dental anxiety | socio-demographic |
| Hugo et al. (39) | Brazil | 2006 | cross-sectional study | 50 years and older | 230 | / | lack of self- care, stress | bad oral habits |
| Sasaki (40) | Tokyo | 2005 | case-control study | average age 50 | 36 | medication | lack of self-care | / |
| Yamamoto et al. (41) | Japan | 2017 | cohort study | 65 years and older | 872 | / | self-esteem | / |
| Anttila et al. (42) | Finland | 2006 | cohort study | 31–32 years old | 1.920 | / | self-perceived oral health | education, income, tooth brushing frequency |
| Hybels et al. (43) | US | 2015 | cohort study | 65 years and older | 944 | level/severity of depression | self-perceived oral health | / |
| Mago and Thyvalikakath (44) | Canada | 2014 | cross-sectional study | 45 years and older | 2.162 | / | / | age, marital status, education level, dental insurance, income |
| Adeniyi et al. (45) | Nigeria | 2011 | cross-sectional study | mean age of 39.2 | 105 | / | / | inadequate approach, income, sociodemographic |
| Shippee et al. (46) | Minnesota | 2012 | cross-sectional study | 18 years and older | 475 | / | self-perceived oral health | appointment problems, work/ family responsibilities, transportation, education |
| Nguyen et al. (47) | US | 2018 | cross-sectional study | 18 years and older | 1.778 | general health status | / | without insurance |
| Malecki et al. (48) | Wisconsin | 2015 | cross-sectional study | 21 years and older | 263 | level/severity of depression | / | insurance, oral habits |
| Wiener et al. (49) | West Virginia | 2018 | cross-sectional study | 21 years and older | 2.374 | / | / | socio-economic, socio-demographic, insurance, oral habits |
| Anttila et al. (50) | Finland | 2001 | case-control study | 55 years | 780 | / | self-perceived oral health | smoking |
| Simon and Von Korff (51) | US | 2006 | cross-sectional study | Mean age of 50 | 439 | medical comorbidity | / | / |