Table 1
Typical values of body measurements (mean and standard deviation (SD)) in 14-year-old males and females in Slovenia in 1993, 2003 and 2013. ANOVA – one-way analysis of variance, HSD – honestly significant difference.
| Year of measurement | One-way ANOVA (p) | Tukey’s HSD test (p) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | 2003 | 2013 | 1993 vs. 2003 | 2003 vs. 2013 | 1993 vs. 2013 | ||
| Males | |||||||
| Subject number [N] | 222 | 236 | 216 | ||||
| Age [years] | 14.1 (0.4) | 14.0 (0.3) | 14.2 (0.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
| Body height [cm] | 167.6 (8.7) | 165.1 (8.3) | 169.0 (7.7) | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.089 |
| Leg length [cm] | 96.4 (6.1) | 95.7 (5.8) | 98.9 (5.5) | <0.001 | 0.234 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Trunk length [cm] | 71.3 (4.5) | 69.4 (4.5) | 70.1 (5.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.103 | 0.012 |
| Leg-to-body height ratio [%] | 57.5 (1.8) | 58.0 (1.8) | 58.5 (2.2) | 0.017 | 0.003 | 0.004 | <0.001 |
| Leg-to-trunk ratio | 1.36 (0.10) | 1.38 (0.09) | 1.42 (0.16) | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.004 | <0.001 |
| Females | |||||||
| Subject number [N] | 179 | 209 | 163 | ||||
| Age [years] | 14.0 (0.5) | 14.0 (0.3) | 14.2 (0.3) | <0.001 | 0.788 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Body height [cm] | 162.6 (6.8) | 161.2 (5.9) | 163.2 (5.9) | 0.004 | 0.028 | 0.001 | 0.345 |
| Leg length [cm] | 92.8 (4.8) | 92.1 (4.5) | 92.5 (4.6) | 0.314 | 0.129 | 0.457 | 0.473 |
| Trunk length [cm] | 69.8 (3.7) | 69.1 (3.8) | 70.8 (3.5) | <0.001 | 0.067 | <0.001 | 0.009 |
| Leg-to-body height ratio [%] | 57.1 (1.6) | 57.1 (1.9) | 56.6 (1.7) | 0.011 | 0.719 | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Leg-to-trunk ratio | 1.33 (0.09) | 1.34 (0.12) | 1.31 (0.09) | 0.016 | 0.616 | 0.010 | 0.011 |
Table 2
Mean (standard deviation (SD)) peak height velocity (PHV) of males and females in the 1993 and 2013 generations. Height increments for the calculation of PHV were obtained for each subject of the two generations from the annual anthropometric measurements performed nationally at schools. Any presented age is the lower margin of an annual interval in which the PHV was observed. The t-test relates to a difference in PHV between 1993 and 2013. NA – not applicable.
| Year of measurement | No of subjects [N {%}] | PHV [cm/year (SD)] | T-test [p] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | 2013 | 1993 | 2013 | 1993 vs. 2013 | |
| Males | |||||
| Age at PHV [years] | |||||
| 10 | 4 {3} | 2 {1} | 6.8 (2.3) | 10.2 (5.4) | NA |
| 11 | 5 {5} | 33 {16} | 11.0 (0.4) | 8.6 (1.9) | 0.003 |
| 12 | 34 {29} | 33 {16} | 10.1 (2.2) | 9.2 (1.8) | 0.037 |
| 13 | 40 {33} | 97 {46} | 9.4 (2.0) | 9.9 (1.5) | 0.048 |
| 14 | 36 {30} | 44 {21} | 9.5 (1.5) | 9.2 (2.1) | 0.237 |
| Total | 119 {100} | 209 {100} | 9.6 (2.0) | 9.4 (1.9) | 0.203 |
| Females | |||||
| Age at PHV [years] | |||||
| 10 | 30 {26} | 32 {31} | 8.4 (1.8) | 8.0 (1.7) | 0.220 |
| 11 | 32 {27} | 34 {33} | 8.5 (1.7) | 7.8 (1.2) | 0.042 |
| 12 | 44 {38} | 25 {25} | 8.4 (1.4) | 8.1 (2.2) | 0.282 |
| 13 | 6 {5} | 10 {10} | 8.1 (1.9) | 8.2 (2.5) | 0.413 |
| 14 | 5 {4} | 1 {1} | 7.2 (0.8) | 7.0 (NA) | NA |
| Total | 117 {100} | 102 {100} | 8.3 (1.6) | 8.0 (1.7) | 0.066 |