Prevalence of exposures to indwelling devices on the day of the survey, overall and according to different ward specialties, Slovenian national healthcare-associated infection prevalence survey, 2017_
| Intensive care | General medicine | Surgery | Gynaecology, obstetrics & neonatology | Paediatrics | Other/mixed | All | (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peripheral vascular catheter | 68.9% | 56.8% | 49.7% | 21.7% | 57.3% | 22.1% | 48.2% | (46.9% - 49.5%) |
| Central vascular catheter | 74.0% | 6.9% | 9.6% | 0.2% | 7.1% | 5.2% | 9.4% | (8.6% - 10.1%) |
| Urinary catheter | 81.1% | 20.9% | 18.5% | 6.8% | 1.1% | 13.7% | 19.1% | (18.1% - 20.2%) |
| Intubation | 48.0% | 1.0% | 2.3% | 0.6% | 2.1% | 1.3% | 3.1% | (2.7% - 3.6%) |
| Number of patients | 196 | 2190 | 1997 | 545 | 281 | 534 | 5743 | |
Number and prevalence of different types of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), overall and according to ward specialties, Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections prevalence survey, 2017_
| Intensive care | General medicine | Surgery | Gynaecology, obstetrics & neonatology | Paediatrics | Other | All | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Number | Number | Number | ||||
| (prevalence) | (prevalence) | (prevalence) | (prevalence) | Number | Number | Number | |
| (prevalence) | (prevalence) | (prevalence) | |||||
| Pneumoniae | 35 (17.9%) | 38 (1.7%) | 19 (1.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | |||
| Surgical site infections | 5 ( 2.6%) | 4 (0.2%) | 65 (3.3%) | 3 (0.6%) | 3 (1.1%) | 11 (2.1%) | 107 (1.9%) |
| Urinary tract infections | 6 ( 3.1%) | 41 (1.9%) | 15 (0.8%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (1.3%) | 84 (1.5%) |
| Systemic infections | 3 ( 1.5%) | 22 (1.0%) | 13 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 5 (0.9%) | 69 (1.2%) |
| Gastro-intestinal system infections | 2 ( 1.0%) | 13 (0.6%) | 4 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.4%) | 40 (0.7%) |
| Bloodstream infections with CRI3 | 6 ( 3.1%) | 10 (0.5%) | 3 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (0.9%) | 24 (0.4%) |
| Skin and soft tissue infections | 0 ( 0.0%) | 4 (0.2%) | 4 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 20 (0.3%) |
| Central nervous system infections | 1 ( 0.5%) | 3 (0.1%) | 3 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.4%) | 10 (0.2%) |
| Eye, Ear, Nose or Mouth infection | 0 ( 0.0%) | 5 (0.2%) | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (0.1%) |
| Other lower respiratory tract infections | 4 ( 2.0%) | 3 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 8 (0.1%) |
| Bone and joint infections | 0 ( 0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (0.1%) |
| Cardiovascular system infections | 0 ( 0.0%) | 1 (0.0%) | 4 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 6 (0.1%) |
| Catheter-related infections w/o BSIs | 0 ( 0.0%) | 2 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (0.1%) |
| Reproductive tract infections | 0 ( 0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (0.1%) |
| Specific neonatal infections | 4 ( 2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (1.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.0%) |
| Patients with at least one HAIa | 60 (30.6%) | 127 (5.8%) | 134 (6.7%) | 16 (2.9%) | 4 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 16 (0.3%) |
| 9 (3.2%) | 31 (5.8%) | 377 (6.6%) | |||||
Microorganisms identified in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) overall and by most common types of HAIs, Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections prevalence survey, 2017_
| Pneumonia/lower respiratory tract infections | Surgical site infections | Urinary tract infections | Bloodstream infections | Gastrointestinal tract infections | All HAIs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Number | Number | Number | Number | Number | |
| Number of all HAIs | 116 | 84 | 69 | 33 | 25 | 409 |
| Number of HAIs with microorganisms all | 50 | 44 | 50 | 25 | 19 | 214 |
| Number of microorganisms | 83 | 73 | 60 | 27 | 23 | 301 |
| Gram-positive cocci Staphylococcus aureus | 16 9 | 34 9 | 10 0 | 13 4 | 30 | 94 30 |
| Streptococcus spp. | 4 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 30 |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 1 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 23 |
| Other gram-positive cocci | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 11 |
| Gram-negative cocci | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Enterobacteriaceae | 38 | 20 | 39 | 11 | 6 | 123 |
| Escherichia coli | 5 | 6 | 19 | 7 | 2 | 40 |
| Enterobacter spp. | 10 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 28 |
| Klebsiella spp. | 11 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 24 |
| Proteus spp. | 3 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 13 |
| Other Enterobacteriaceae | 9 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 18 |
| Non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria | 18 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 33 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 9 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 21 |
| Other non-Enterobacteriaceae | 9 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| Anaerobic bacilli | 0 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 22 |
| Clostridium difficile | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 12 |
| Other anaerobes | 0 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 10 |
| Other bacteria | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Fungi | 11 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 27 |
| Candida spp. | 9 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 25 |
| Other fungi | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Virus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Negative codes | 62 | 40 | 19 | 7 | 6 | 189 |
| Examination not done | 37 | 24 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 87 |
| Not yet available/missing | 11 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 51 |
| Sterile examination | 13 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 48 |
| Microorganism not identified | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) acquired during current hospitalisation according to patients’ characteristics, ward specialties, and exposure to extrinsic risks and results of univariate and multivariate analysis of association, Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections prevalence survey, 2017_
| Univariate analyses (whole data) | Univariate analyses (restricted data) | Multivariate analyses (restricted data) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of HAIs | Number of patients (base) | Odds ratio | p-value (95% CI) | Odds ratio | p-value (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio | p-value (95% CI) | |
| Age | ||||||||
| <50 years | 3.9% | 1588 | 1 | p<0.001 | 1 | p<0.001 | ||
| 50–79 years | 7.7% | 3017 | 2.1 | (1.5-2.7) | 2.0 | (1.5-2.7) | ||
| ≥80 years | 7.3% | 1138 | 1.9 | (1.4-2.7) | 1.9 | (1.4-2.7) | ||
| McCabe index | ||||||||
| Non-fatal disease | 4.7% | 4143 | 1 | p<0.001 | 1 | p<0.001 | ||
| Ultimately fatal disease | 10.3% | 1128 | 2.3 | (1.8-2.9) | 2.3 | (1.8-2.9) | ||
| Rapidly fatal disease | 14.5% | 394 | 3.4 | (2.5-4.7) | 3.3 | (2.4-4.6) | ||
| Surgery (during current hospitalisation) | ||||||||
| No | 4.9% | 3904 | 1 | p<0.001 | 1 | p<0.001 | 1 | p<0.01 |
| Yes | 10.2% | 1827 | 2.2 | (1.8-2.7) | 2.2 | (1.8-2.7) | 1.6 | (1.2-2.0) |
| Intubation | ||||||||
| No | 5.8% | 5565 | 1 | p<0.001 | 1 | p<0.001 | ||
| Yes | 30.3% | 178 | 7.1 | (5.0-9.9) | 7.1 | (5.0-9.9) | ||
| Central vascular catheter | ||||||||
| No | 4.7% | 5202 | 1 | p<0.001 | 1 | p<0.001 | 1 | p<0.001 |
| Yes | 24.8% | 537 | 6.7 | (5.3-8.5) | 6.7 | (5.3-8.5) | 4.1 | (3.1-5.4) |
| Peripheral vascular catheter | ||||||||
| No | 4.6% | 2967 | 1 | p<0.001 | 1 | p<0.001 | 1 | p<0.001 |
| Yes | 8.7% | 2769 | 2.0 | (1.6-2.5) | 2.0 | (1.6-2.5) | 3.0 | (2.3-3.9) |
| Urinary catheter | ||||||||
| No | 4.1% | 4640 | 1 | p<0.001 | 1 | p<0.001 | 1 | p<0.001 |
| Yes | 16.8% | 1099 | 4.7 | (3.8-5.8) | 4.7 | (3.8-5.8) | 1.8 | (1.4-2.3) |
| Length of hospital staya: | ||||||||
| ≤3 days | 1.1% | 1892 | 1 | p<0.001 | 1 | p<0.001 | 1 | p<0.001 |
| 4-7 days | 3.1% | 1434 | 2.8 | (1.7-4.8) | 2.8 | (1.7-4.8) | 2.6 | (1.5-4.4) |
| 8-14 days | 9.5% | 1153 | 9.3 | (5.8-14.9) | 9.3 | (5.8-14.9) | 9.4 | (5.8-15.2) |
| ≥15 days | 16.1% | 1264 | 17.0 | (10.8-26.9) | 16.9 | (10.7-26.7) | 15.5 | (9.7-24.8) |