Comparison of three factor analysis models in the Slovenian version of the Sense of Coherence 13-item instrument validation study in multiple sclerosis patients (n=134)_
| Item | χ2 | df | p | AIC | RMSEA | CFI | SRMR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-factor | 190.63 | 65 | <0.001 | 6055.38 | 0.120 | 0.786 | 0.084 |
| 3-factor | 177.10 | 62 | <0.001 | 6045.75 | 0.118 | 0.804 | 0.083 |
| Modified 3-factor | 87.68 | 60 | 0.011 | 5931.90 | 0.059 | 0.953 | 0.065 |
Factor loadings for the final model in the Slovenian version of the Sense of Coherence 13-item instrument validation study in multiple sclerosis patients (n=134)_
| Item | Item | Loading (SE) | Standardized loading |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comprehensibility | Item_2 | 0.804 (0.148) | 0.476 |
| Item_6 | 1.185 (0.126) | 0.726 | |
| Item_8 | 1.451 (0.107) | 0.834 | |
| Item_9 | 1.370 (0.125) | 0.763 | |
| Item_11 | 0.730 (0.140) | 0.505 | |
| Manageability | Item_3 | 0.693 (0.140) | 0.421 |
| Item_5 | 0.820 (0.149) | 0.479 | |
| Item_10 | 0.740 (0.163) | 0.467 | |
| Item_13 | 1.325 (0.112) | 0.787 | |
| Meaningfulness | Item_1 | 0.506 (0.134) | 0.319 |
| Item_4 | 0.890 (0.124) | 0.658 | |
| Item_7 | 0.806 (0.105) | 0.623 | |
| Item_12 | 1.266 (0.142) | 0.855 |
Sense of Coherence 13-item instrument: items, their placement within three dimensions and scoring (6)_
| Item No. | Question Legend: *=the questions from the questionnaire are reprinted with the permission of the copyright holder; C=comprehensibility; Ma=manageability; Me=meaningfulness; O=original; R=reverse | Dimension | Scoring |
|---|---|---|---|
| Item_1 | Do you have the feeling that you don’t really care about what goes on around you? (1=Very seldom or never to 7=Very often) | Me | R |
| Item_2 | Has it happened in the past that you were surprised by the behaviour of people whom you thought you knew well? (1=Never happened to 7=Always happened) | C | R |
| Item_3 | Has it happened that people whom you counted on disappointed you? (1=Never happened to 7=Always happened) | Ma | R |
| Item_4 | Until now your life has had: (1=No clear goals or purpose at all to 7=Very clear goals and purpose) | Me | O |
| Item_5 | Do you have the feeling that you’re being treated unfairly? (1=Very often to 7=Very seldom or never) | Ma | O |
| Item_6 | Do you have the feeling that you are in an unfamiliar situation and don’t know what to do? (1=Very often to 7=Very seldom or never) | C | O |
| Item_7 | Doing the things, you do every day is: (1=A source of deep pleasure and satisfaction to 7=A source of pain and boredom) | Me | R |
| Item_8 | Do you have very mixed-up feelings and ideas? (1=Very often to 7=Very seldom or never) | C | O |
| Item_9 | Does it happen that you have feelings inside you would rather not feel? (1=Very often to 7=Very seldom or never) | C | O |
| Item_10 | Many people – even those with a strong character – sometimes feel like sad sacks (losers) in certain situations. How often have you felt this way in the past? (1=Never to 7=Very often) | Ma | R |
| Item_11 | When something happened, have you generally found that: (1=You overestimated or underestimated its importance to 7=You saw things in the right proportion) | C | O |
| Item_12 | How often do you have the feeling that there’s little meaning in the things you do in your daily life? (1=Very often to 7=Very seldom or never) | Me | O |
| Item_13 | How often do you have feelings that you’re not sure you can keep under control? (1=Very often to 7=Very seldom or never) | Ma | O |
Characteristics of the distribution of values of items of the Sense of Coherence 13-item instrument in the validation study in multiple sclerosis patients (n=134)_
| Item | Mean | Standard Deviation | Median | Interquartile range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item_1 | 5.6 | 1.6 | 6 | 4.44–7 |
| Item_2 | 4.7 | 1.7 | 5 | 3–6 |
| Item_3 | 4.8 | 1.7 | 5 | 4–6 |
| Item_4 | 5.7 | 1.4 | 6 | 5–7 |
| Item_5 | 5.3 | 1.7 | 6 | 4–7 |
| Item_6 | 5.4 | 1.6 | 6 | 4–7 |
| Item_7 | 5.4 | 1.3 | 6 | 4–6 |
| Item_8 | 4.9 | 1.7 | 5 | 4–6.25 |
| Item_9 | 5.0 | 1.8 | 6 | 4–6.25 |
| Item_10 | 5.0 | 1.6 | 5 | 4–6 |
| Item_11 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 5 | 4–6 |
| Item_12 | 5.7 | 1.5 | 6 | 5–7 |
| Item_13 | 5.0 | 1.7 | 5 | 4–6.25 |
Characteristics of the multiple sclerosis (MS) patients group for validation of Slovenian version of the Sense of Coherence 13-item instrument (n=134)_
| Characteristic | Category | No. (%) / Median; Min–Max; Q1–Q3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Education | Primary | 16 (11.9) | |
| Secondary | 94 (70.1) | ||
| College or higher | 24 (17.9) | ||
| Employment status | Employed | 63 (47.0) | |
| Unemployed | 18 (13.4) | ||
| Retired | 53 (39.6) | ||
| Marital status | Single | 44 (32.8) | |
| Married/cohabiting | 90 (67.2) | ||
| Area of living | Rural | 80 (59.7) | |
| Urban | 54 (40.3) | ||
| Disease duration (years) | 8; 0-33; 4–12.25 | ||
| Disease course | Primary progressive | 6 (4.5) | |
| Secondary progressive | 23 (17.2) | ||
| Relapsing-remitting | 105 (78.4) | ||
| Clinical worsening of the disease* | No | 83 (61.9) | |
| Yes | 51 (38.1) | ||
| Immunomodulatory therapy | No | 42 (31.3) | |
| Yes | 92 (68.7) | ||
| EDSS | 3; 0-8; 1.625–4.5 |