Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
General characteristics of the women (n=2956)_
| N Some data were missing, hence differences in totals | Min. | Max. | Mean ± SD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 2810 | 19 | 98 | 61.0 ± 11.0 |
| Age at onset of menopause (years) | 2486 | 20 | 64 | 49.0 ± 4.7 |
| Weight (kg) | 2942 | 35 | 164 | 71.0 ± 12.9 |
| Height before measurement | 2299 | 135 | 182 | 162.3 ± 5.9 |
| on measurement (cm) | 2906 | 129 | 180 | 158.8 ± 6.3 |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 2896 | 16.0 | 46.0 | 28.1 ± 4.9 |
Odds ratio for osteoporosis concerning risk factors (N=1274) (univariate and multivariate regression)_
| OR (95%CI) univariate | OR (95%CI) multivariate | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.07 (1.04 - 1.11) p<0.001 | 1.08 (1.05 - 1.11) p<0.001 |
| BMI 18.5-25 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| BMI<18.5 | 1.86 (0.35 - 9.8) p=0.462 | 2.32 (0.40 - 13.5) p=0.350 |
| BMI=25-30 | 0.37 (0.27 - 0.52) p<0.001 | 0.38 (0.27 - 0.54) p<0.001 |
| BMI=30-35 | 0.19 (0.13 - 0.28) p<0.001 | 0.19 (0.13 - 0.27) p<0.001 |
| BMI= > 35 | 0.12 (0.07 - 0.20) p<0.001 | 0.11 (0.07 - 0.19) p<0.001 |
| Non-smoker | 0.42 (0.24 - 0.74) p=0.002 | 0.55 (0.29 - 1.01) p=0.055 |
| Hormone contraception (ever user) | 1.02 (0.77 - 1.36) p=0.864 | 1.15 (0.84 - 1.59) p=0.373 |
| HT (ever user) | 0.31 (0.13 - 0.73) p=0.008 | 0.26 (0.10 - 0.65) p=0.004 |
| Height loss >3 cm | 1.11 (0.87 - 1.41) p=0.392 | 1.13 (0.86 - 1.47) p= 0.377 |
The prevalence of osteoporosis and fracture risk factors regarding age (N=1274)_
| 60-64 years (N=460) | 65-69 years (N=370) | 70-75 years (N=444) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Osteoporosis prevalence | 132 (24.9%) | 102 (34.2%) | 166 (37.4%) | <0.001 Chi-square for linear association |
| Low calcium intake | 46 (10.0%) | 38 (10.3%) | 60 (13.5%) | 0.097 Chi-square for linear association |
| Observed height loss in cm (SD) | 2.57 (2.4) | 3.05 (2.8) | 4.30 (3.9) | < 0.001 Spearman correlation |
| Smokers | 25 (5.4%) | 15 (4.1%) | 14 (3.2%) | 0.088 Chi-square for linear association |
| Osteoporotic fractures in the last 5 years | 72 (15.7%) | 80 (21.6%) | 114 (25.7%) | < 0.001 Chi-square for linear association |
| Wrist fracture | 31 (6.7%) | 40 (10.8%) | 57 (12.8%) | 0.002 Chi-square for linear association |
| Hip fracture | 5 (1.1%) | 9 (2.4%) | 20 (4.5%) | 0.001 Chi-square for linear association |
| Corticosteroid use | 15 (3.3%) | 23 (6.2%) | 18 (4.1%) | 0.107 Chi-square |
| BMC (g/cm2) - L1-L4 | 54.0 (11.5) | 52.9 (12.9) | 51.1 (11.6) | 0.001 Spearman correlation |
| BMC (g/cm2) - hip | 31.1 (5.8) | 30.4 (6.2) | 29.3 (5.7) | < 0.001 Spearman correlation |
| Family history of osteoporosis | 58 (12.6%) | 38 (10.3%) | 49 (11.0%) | 0.551 Chi-square |