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Depression, Anxiety and Stress during the Covid-19 Pandemic among Serbian University Students Cover

Depression, Anxiety and Stress during the Covid-19 Pandemic among Serbian University Students

Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Cross-over odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for stress, anxiety, depression and selected variables

VariableCategoryStressAnxietyDepression
OR95%CIpOR95%CIpOR95%CIp
GenderFemale2.1061.135–3.9090.0181.3730.748–2.5280.3091.9971.063–3,7510,032
Male111
Age groups18–243.0681.28–7.3400.0120.6930.304–1.5800.3841.210.511–2.8620.664
25–290.8360.255–2.7430.76814130.481–4.1500.5291.2160.373–3.9650.745
30–340.5050.148–1.7210.2751.2000.397–3.6300.7471.7410.526–5.9560.560
35–391.6230.513–5.1330.41004680.142–1.5630.2110.8150.246–2.700.738
40+111
Faculty*10.6980.310–1.5740.3870.5770.342–1.6780.4930.5770.342–1.6780.493
2111
Year of studyFirst0.230.026–2.0370.1873.0000.361–24.9080.3091.1540.147–9.0840.892
Second0.2780.033–2.3520.2401.7170.211–13.9610.6131.7420.220–13.9740.598
Third0.2480.029–2.1410.2052.4820.305–20.2060.3161.2780.158–0.9650.845
Fourth0.1040.007–1.5730.1033.6450.291–45.5220.4303.6450.291–45.5220.430
Fifth111
Type of settlementUrban1.1260.644–1.9670.6771.2260.744–2.1670.5760.3830.395–1.1800.576
Village110.171
AnexietyYes8.1894.784–14.0160.001 5.3093.006–9.3760.001
No1 1
DepressionYes5.3643.017–9.5370.0015.523.074–9.9400.001
StressYes 7.9134.651–13.4630.0015.6343.232–9.8220.001
No 11

Prevalence of anxiety according to sociodemographic characteristics of the student population

VariablesWithout symptomMild anxietyModerate anxietySevere anxietyVery severe anxietyAverage scorep
n%n%n%n%n%
Gender
Total62152.97314.85210,55110.35611.44.57±4.45
Female gender18849.7503.34311.44612.25113.55.00±4.660.001
Male gender7363.52320.097.854.354.33.17±3.58
Age groups
18–2417352.34112.43310.03711.24714.24.89±4.790.383
25–292150.01126.2511.924.837.14.52±4.43
30–341550.0516.7516.7310.026.74.10±3.82
35–392262.9617.138.638,612.93.23±3.01
40±3054.51018.2610.9610.935.53.80±3.63
Type of settlement
Total62152.97314.85210.55110,35611.44.57±4.45
Village6947.92416.7139.01711.82114.65.07±4.630.390
Urban1925.04914.03911.2349.73510.04.37±4.43
Year of study
First year8549.72816.41911.1179.92212.94.84±4.690.766
Second year8157.91510.7128.61611.41611.44.44±4.41
Third year8451.52515.32012.31811.0169.84.45±4.43
Fourth year545.5327.319.100.0218.25.45±8.10
Fifth year675.0225.000.000.000.02.38±2.13

Prevalence of stress according to socio-demographic characteristics of the student population

VariablesWithout symptomMild stressModerate stressSevere stressVery severe stressAverage scorep
n%n%n%n%n%
Gender
Total27555.85010.16813.86312.8377.58.02±5.15
Female gender19952.64211.14913.05514.6338.78.46±5.220.015
Male gender7666.187.01916.587.043.56.58±4.64
Age groups
18–2416850.8298.84914.85215.73310.08.60±5.490.015
25–292866.724.8511.949.537.17.31±4.84
30–342273.7310.0310.026.700.06.33±3.78
35–392160.6720.0411.438.600.06.74±3.81
40±3665.6916.4712.723.611.86,82±4,04
Type of settlement
Total27555.85010,16813.86312.8377.58.02±5.15
Village7652.8106,91913.22517.4149.78.81±5.450.130
Urban19957.04011,54914.03810.9236.67.70±4.99
Year of study
First year9354.4179,92112.32615.2148.28.27±5.290.408
Second year7855.72014.31410.02014.385.77.78±5.05
Third year9357.11274.03119.0148.6138.07.95±5.05
Fourth year654.500.019.1218.2218.210.0±5.71
Fifth year562.5112.5112.5112.500.05.63±5.01

Prevalence of depression in relation to sociodemographic characteristics of the student population

VariablesWithout symptomMild depressionModerate depressionSevere depressionVery severe depressionAverage scorep
n%n%n%n%n%
Gender
Total32165.15210.55711.6346.9295.94.32±4.67
Female gender24765.34010.64311.4256.6236.14.32±4.730.985
Male gender7464.31210.41412.297.865.24.31±4.61
Age groups
18–2420762.5319.43811.5298.8267.94.80±5.170.132
25–292866.7614.3614.312.412.43.45±3.65
30–342060.7723.3310.000.000.02.97±2.76
35–392674.325.738.625.7225.73.49±4.06
40±4072.7610.9712.723.600.03.35±2.90
Type of settlement
Total3265.15210.55711.6346.9295.94.32±4.67
Village8357.61711.8161.11711.8117.65.05±5.060.036
Urban23868.23510.04111.7174.9185.24.02±4.51
Year of study
First year11567.3148.21911.1105.8137.64.25±4.550.454
Second year8862.92215.71611.485.764.34.13±4.51
Third year10866.3148.61811.0148.695.54.25±4.55
Fourth year436.4218.2218.2218.219.16.36±4.34
Fifth year675.000.0225.000.000.02.75±3.15
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjecr-2023-0004 | Journal eISSN: 2956-2090 | Journal ISSN: 2956-0454
Language: English
Page range: 179 - 188
Submitted on: Mar 13, 2023
|
Accepted on: Apr 9, 2023
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Published on: Dec 31, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Sofija Colovic, Marija Bozovic, Mladen Grujicic, published by University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.