Table 1.
General students’ characteristics.
| Variable | During semester (N = 399) | During exam period (N = 331) | Difference between two students groups |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | χ2= 2.1, p > 0.05 | ||
| Female | 366 (91.7) | 293 (85.5) | |
| Male | 33 (8.3) | 38 (11.5) | |
| Age in years, average (SD), range | 22.14 (1.84), 18–27 | 22.17 (1.89), 18–32 | U= 65416, p > 0.05 |
| Study year, n(%) | χ2= 5.4, p > 0.05 | ||
| 1 year | 15 (3.8) | 10 (3.0) | |
| 2 year | 70 (17.5) | 64 (19.3) | |
| 3 year | 98 (24.6) | 92 (27.8) | |
| 4 year | 84 (21.1) | 80 (24.2) | |
| 5 year | 132 (33.1) | 85 (25.7) | |
| ECTS, average (SD), range | 147 (74.22) 0–330 | 141.68 (73.68) 0–320 | U= 63984.50, p > 0.05 |
| Place of study, n (%) | χ2= 0.65, p > 0.05 | ||
| in hometown | 121 (30.5) | 98 (29.6) | |
| in other city | 276 (69.5) | 233 (70.4) |
Figure 1.
Causes of stress during semester (left) and during exam period (right) (the percentage value of each response level for each cause).
Figure 2.
Stress manifestations in students during semester and exam period.
Table 2.
Assessment of the impact of stress causes on the stress score, the results of the ordinal logistic regression analysis.
| Causes of stress | 95% Confidence Interval | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| During semester | Sig. | Estimate | Wald χ2 | Lower | Upper |
| Living with roomate | 0.95 | −0.01 | 0.00 | −0.31 | 0.29 |
| Living separate from family | 0.15 | −0.35 | 2.10 | −0.83 | 0.12 |
| Financial situation | 0.18 | −0.21 | 1.82 | −0.52 | 0.10 |
| Working during studies | 0.20 | −0.40 | 1.65 | −1.02 | 0.21 |
| Grades | 0.13 | −0.33 | 2.30 | −0.77 | 0.10 |
| Exams/colloquia | 0.12 | −0.87 | 2.42 | −1.96 | 0.22 |
| Scope of teaching | 0.14 | −0.43 | 2.21 | −0.99 | 0.14 |
| Limited time to prepare for the exam | 0.46 | −0.23 | 0.56 | −0.85 | 0.38 |
| Family relationships | 0.17 | −0.31 | 1.85 | −0.76 | 0.14 |
| Friends relationships | 0.78 | −0.06 | 0.08 | −0.51 | 0.39 |
| Relationship with a boyfriend/girlfriend | 0.54 | −0.08 | 0.37 | −0.36 | 0.19 |
| Health condition | 0.18 | −0.23 | 1.76 | −0.58 | 0.11 |
| Doing sports | 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −1.21 | 1.20 |
| During exam period | |||||
| Living with roomate | 0.37 | 0.65 | 0.81 | −0.77 | 2.08 |
| Living separate from family | 0.29 | −0.94 | 1.12 | −2.69 | 0.80 |
| Financial situation | 0.41 | −0.28 | 0.69 | −0.95 | 0.39 |
| Working during studies | 0.56 | 0.40 | 0.34 | −0.93 | 1.73 |
| Grades | 0.31 | −0.83 | 1.04 | −2.43 | 0.77 |
| Exams/colloquia | 0.30 | −1.83 | 1.07 | −5.30 | 1.63 |
| Scope of teaching | 0.43 | −0.61 | 0.64 | −2.11 | 0.89 |
| Limited time to prepare for the exam | 0.31 | −2.05 | 1.01 | −6.04 | 1.94 |
| Family relationships | 0.50 | −0.35 | 0.46 | −1.36 | 0.66 |
| Friends relationships | 0.91 | −0.11 | 0.01 | −2.02 | 1.80 |
| Relationship with a boyfriend/girlfriend | 0.41 | −0.31 | 0.67 | −1.06 | 0.44 |
| Health condition | 0.31 | −0.65 | 1.05 | −1.90 | 0.60 |
| Doing sports | 0.37 | 0.47 | 0.79 | −0.57 | 1.51 |